LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 
SAN  DIEGO 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO 
Donated  in  memory  of 

John  W.    Snvder 

by 

His  Son  and  Daughter 


T 

So< 
•f3 


REPORT 


KANSAS  BOARD 


OF 


WORLD'S  FAIR  MANAGERS, 


CONTAINING 

Report  of  the  "Board  of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit,"  from  April  1892,  to  March  1893, 

and  transactions  of  the  "Kansas  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers," 

from  March  1893,  to  December  1893, 

TOGETHER  WITH 

ILLUSTRATIONS  AND  DESCRIPTIONS  IN  DETAIL  OF  ALL 
KANSAS  EXHIBITS  AND  AWARDS. 


1893. 


TOPEKA. 

PRESS  OF  THE  HAMILTON  PRINTING  COMPANY  : 

EDWIN  H.  SNOW,  State  Printer. 

1894. 


NOTICE. 

The  illustrations  in  this  book  are  from  photographs  made  by  the  World's 
Fair  Official  Photographer.  Each  and  every  one  of  them  is  copyrighted,  and 
any  infringement  thereon,  or  unauthorized  use  thereof,  will  be  prosecuted  to 
the  full  extent  of  the  law. 


Letter  of  Transmittal. 


TOPEKA,  KAS.,  December  9,  1893. 
To  Hon.  L.  D.  Levelling,  Governor  of  Kansas: 

SIR — The  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Kansas  have  the  honor  to 
submit 'here  with  their  report,  as  required  by  law. 

Respectfully,  M.  W.  COBUN,  President. 

L.  P.  KING,  Vice  President. 
MRS.  A.  M.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
T.  J.  ANDERSON,  Treasurer. 
H.  H.  KERN,  Superintendent. 
G.  W.  GLICK. 
A.  P.  COLLINS. 


Contents. 


LETTER  OF  TBANSMITTAL iii 

LIST  or  ILLUSTBATIONS v 

REPOBT  OF  OBIGINAL  BOABD  (1892) 1 

REPOBT  OF  BOABD  OF  MANAGEBS  (1893) 8 

Act  of  the  Legislature 8 

Organization  .    . .    10 

KANSAS  BUILDING 19 

Decoration  of  first  floor 20 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  railway  exhibit 22 

Exhibits  on  lower  floor 24 

Silk  exhibit 26 

State  Normal  School  exhibit 26 

State  Agricultural  College  exhibits 27 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Institute  exhibit 29 

State  University  exhibit 29 

Miscellaneous  exhibits 37 

Description  of  rooms  on  first  floor • 37 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Railroad  exhibit 38 

M.  K.  &  T.  Railway  exhibit 39 

Kansas  educational  exhibits 40 

The  woman's  room 43 

Exhibits  on  second  floor , 47 

Ladies'  parlor 52 

Historical  and  reading  room 56 

Gentlemen's  parlor 57 

KANSAS  JELLY  EXHIBIT r 57 

HOBTICULTUBAL    EXHIBIT 58 

KANSAS  PAVILION  —Agricultural  Building 62 

MINING  EXHIBIT 73 

FOBESTBY  EXHIBIT 79 

LIVE  STOCK 79 

DAIBY  EXHIBIT  ...  82 


VI  CONTENTS. 

LIST  OF  AWABDS 87 

Dairy .-. 88 

Agricultural 89 

Educational 90 

Mining 91 

Miscellaneous 91 

FINANCIAL  EXHIBIT — Treasurer's  Report 92 

CONCLUSION ; 94 

APPENDIX 97 

Dedicatory  program 99 

Address  of  Chief  Justice  Horton 100 

Columbian  Ode 101 

KANSAS  WEEK 106 

Program Ill 

Address  of  Governor  Lewelling 112 


List  of  Illustrations. 


I. — KANSAS  STATE  BUILDING— Main  entrance  and  east  wing. 

II. — FRONT  ENTRANCE — Kansas  Building.     Hutchinson  fountain  and  rock  salt  in  foreground. 
III. — VESTIBULE— Kansas  Building.     Showing  wall  decorations. 
IV. — WALL  DECORATIONS — Kansas  Building. 
V. — GKAIN  DECORATIONS — Kansas  Building. 
VI. — INTERIOR  OF  EAST  WING — Kansas  Building. 

VII.  —WALL  DECORATIONS— Kansas  Building.    Rock  salt  and  Cottonwood  Falls  building  stone. 
VIII.— GRAIN  DECORATION— Kansas  Building.     C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Railway  exhibit. 
IX.— WALL  DECORATION— Kansas  Building.    Map  of  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Railway  system. 
X.— WTANDOTTE  COUNTY  EXHIBIT— Kansas  Building. 
XI. — INTERIOR  OF  SOUTH  WING,  first  floor— Kansas  Building. 
XII. — GRAIN  DECORATIONS,  second  floor— Kansas  Building. 
XIII.— INTERIOR  VIEW  OF  NORTH  WING,  second  floor— Kansas  Building.    Showing  miniature  track 

of  Santa  Fe"  Railroad. 
XIV.— WALL  DECORATIONS,  second  floor,  south  end— Kansas  Building.     Showing  miniature  track 

of  Santa  Fe"  Railroad. 
XV.— INTERIOR,  general  view— Kansas  Building.     Showing  first  floor,  wall  decorations  upstairs, 

and  miniature  track  of  Sauta  Fe"  Railroad. 
XVI. — INTERIOR  DECORATION  OF  DOME — Kansas  Building. 
XVTI. — PAQODA  OF  GRAIN,  first  floor — Kansas  Building. 
XVIII. — PYRAMID  OF  GRAIN — Kansas  Building. 
XIX. — PYRAMID  OF  GRAIN  AND  GRASSES— Kansas  Building. 
XX. — PYRAMID  OF  GRASSES,  west  wing — Kansas  Building. 
XXI. — THE  EMPORIA  FOUNTAIN— Kansas  Building. 
XXII.— FRUIT  EXHIBIT — Kansas  Building. 
XXIII. — SILK  EXHIBIT — Kansas  Building. 

XXIV.— NORTH  AMERICAN  MAMMALS— Kansas  Building.     Exhibited  by  the  State  University. 
XXV.— NORTH  AMERICAN  MAMMALS— Kansas  Building.     Exhibited  by  the  State  University. 
XXVI.— NORTH  AMERICAN  MAMMALS— Kansas  Building.     Exhibited  by  the  State  University. 
XXVII.— INTERIOR  VIEW,  east  wing-Kansas  Building. 
XXVIII.— MASTSL  IN-  REOEPTIOX  ROOM— Kansis  Building.     Constructed  of  Russell    county  building 

XXIX. — INTERIOR  VIEW,  second  floor — Kansas  Building.     Showing  M.  K.  &  T.  Railway  exhibit. 
XXX. — EDUCATIONAL  EXHIBIT — Kansas  Building. 
XXXI.— SOUTH  WALL,  WOMAN'S  DEPARTMENT— Kansas  Building. 
XXXII.— WOMAN'S  DEPARTMENT— Kansas  Building. 
XXXIII.— LADIES'  PARLOR— Kansas  Building. 
XXXIV. —LADIES'  PARLOR— Kansas  Building. 

-  XXXV.— Partial  view  of  READING  ROOM  and  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  EXHIBIT,  second  floor — Kansas 
Building. 

(Vii) 


Vlll  LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

XXXVI. — GENTLEMEN'S  PARLOR — Kansas  Building. 
XXXVII. — GENTLEMEN'S  PARLOR — Kansas  Building. 
XXXVIII.— KANSAS  JELLT  EXHIBIT— Horticultural  Building. 

XXXIX.— Partial  view  of  KANSAS  HORTICULTURAL  DISPLAY— Horticultural  Building. 
XL.— KANSAS  PAVILION — Agricultural  Building.     Northwest  view. 
XLI. — KANSAS  PAVILION — Agricultural  Building.     Southeast  view. 
XLII. — KANSAS  PAVILION — Agricultural  Building.     West  end. 
XLIII. — KANSAS  PAVILION — Agricultural  Building.     Interior  view. 
XLIV. — Kansas  exhibit  of  SPELTER  and  ZINC  ORES — Mines  and  Mining  Building. 
XLV. — Kansas  exhibit  of  PIG  LEAD  and  LEAD  ORES'— Mines  and  Mining  Building. 
XL VI.— Kansas  exhibit  of  LEAD  ORES— Mines  and  Mining  Building. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit, 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  Corporation. 


April  1892  to  March  1893. 

TOPEKA.  KAS.,  March,  1893. 

To  Hon.  L.  D.  Lewelling,  Governor : 

A  delegate  convention,  called  by  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  convened 
in  the  hall  of  the  house  of  representatives  on  the  23d  and  24th  days  of  April, 
1891,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  such  action  as  might  provide  the  means  to  se- 
cure a  representation  of  the  products  and  resources  of  the  state  of  Kansas  at 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago  in  1893. 

This  convention  decided  that  $100,000  would  be  needed  to  enable  the  state 
to  be  creditably  represented.  A  committee  known  as  the  bureau  of  promotion, 
composed  of  21  members,  three  from  each  congressional  district,  selected  by 
the  delegates  present,  was  organized,  and  vested  with  general  authority  to  in . 
augurate  the  work,  and  provide  for  a  later  convention  for  the  purpose  of 
electing  a  permanent  Board  of  Managers. 

April  30,  an  apportionment  was  made,  dividing  the  sum  of  $100,000  be- 
tween the  counties  and  railroad  companies  operating  lines  within  the  state, 
on  the  basis  of  assessed  valuation,  and  an  address  was  issued  submitting  plans 
for  county  organizations,  and  calling  upon  counties  and  railroad  companies 
to  subscribe  the  sums  allotted  to  them. 

May  22,  premiums  were  offered  for  such  cereals  and  grains  on  the  straw 
and  grasses  as  could  be  collected  from  the  growing  crop.  Samples,  of  products 
competing  for  these  premiums  were  received  until  July  25.  Premiums  awarded 
were  paid  August  11. 

September  16,  the  convention  for  the  election  of  a  permanent  Board  of 
Managers  assembled  in  the  Senate  chamber,  in  the  city  of  Topeka,  at  2 : 30 
o'clock  p.  M. 

The  Treasurer's  report  showed : 

Total  collections .$1,844  73 

Total  expenditures 548  17 

Cash  balance  on  hand f  1,296  56 

The  April  convention  provided  that  the  permanent  Board  of  Managers 
should  be  composed  of  nine  members,  one  from  each  congressional  district 


2  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

and  two  at  large.  Before  proceeding  to  the  election  of  tlie  Board  of  Man- 
agers, Mrs.  Robt.  B.  Mitchell  and  Mrs.  Lewis  Hanback,the  Kansas  members 
of  the  national  board  of  lady  managers,  were  elected  as  ex  officio  members 
of  the  Board,  in  addition  to  the  nine  members  to  be  elected. 

The  following  Board  of  Managers  was  elected : 

At  Large—  A.  W.  Smith  and  F.  Wellhouse. 

First  District—  W.  A.  Harris. 

Second  District— R.  W.  Sparr. 

Third  District— E.  H.  Brown. 

Fourth  District — A.  S.  Johnson. 

Fifth  District— W.  H.  Smith. 

Sixth  District — Wm.  Simpson. 

Seventh  District — O.  B.  Hildreth. 

The  Board  made  the  following  organization : 

President—  A.  W.  Smith. 

Vice  President — A.  S.  Johnson. 

Secretary — W.  H.  Smith. 

Treasurer — Samuel  T.  Howe. 

Executive  Committee — A.  W.  Smith,  A.  S.  Johnson,  F.  Wellhouse,  R.  W. 
Sparr,  and  W.  H.  Smith. 

Auditing  Committee — W.  A.  Harris,  E.  H.  Brown,  Wm.  Simpson,  and 
O.  B.  Hildreth. 

Prof.  Henry  Worrall  was  retained  in  charge  of  exhibits  collected,  and  ap- 
pointed as  agent  to  visit  fairs  and  make  additional  collections.  Samples  of 
products  at  that  time  on  exhibition  at  the  state  fair  were  secured.  Storage 
room  was  provided,  and  members  of  the  Board  were  charged  with  the  duty 
of  securing  exhibits  from  fairs  held  in  their  respective  districts. 

October  22,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  visit  the  exposition  grounds  to 
select  a  site  for  a  state  building.  A  resolution  was  adopted  requiring  each 
member  to  visit  the  counties  in  his  district  and  report  the  condition  of  the 
work.  An  address  reciting  the  steps  that  had  been  taken,  and  repeating  the 
apportionment  of  funds  allotted  to  each  county  and  railroad  company,  and 
calling  upon  the  people  and  the  press  of  the  state  to  cooperate  with  the  Board 
of  Managers,  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Robert  B.  Mitchell  and  Mrs.  Lewis  Hanback,  having  been  authorized 
to  organize  women's  Columbian  clubs,  presented  an  address  giving  an  outline 
of  their  work,  which  was  approved.  Both  addresses  were  published  Novem- 
ber 10.  Correspondence  was  invited  and  opened  with  all  organizations 
already  made. 

December  2,  the  Board  came  together,  and  reported  upon  the  progress  of 
the  work  as  they  had  found  it  in  their  respective  districts.  It  became  fully 
apparent  that  the  work  remaining  to  be  done  was  greater  than  had  been  an- 
ticipated. Counties  having  10  per  cent,  of  their  allotment  paid  in  at  the 
time  of  the  convention  were  found  without  active  organizations,  and  without 
subscriptions  covering  the  remaining  90  per  cent.  Counties  reported  favor- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  3 

ably  and  "depended  upon"  had  given  the  enterprise  but  little  attention,  and 
had  not  secured  subscriptions ;  published  statements  largely  overestimating 
the  amount  of  subscriptions  secured  had  created  an  impression  that  sufficient 
pledges  had  been  made,  and  subscriptions,  for  this  reason,  were  more  difficult 
to  obtain.  The  policy  of  requiring  each  member  to  visit  the  counties  in  his 
district  for  the  purpose  of  creating  an  interest  in  the  work  was  agreed  upon. 
At  this  meeting  it  was  decided  to  incorporate  the  Board  of  Managers.  A 
charter  was  prepared  and  signed,  making  each  member,  including  the  lady 
members,  a  director  of  the  corporation. 

December  3,  the  Board  of  Directors  organized,  reflected  their  former  offi- 
cers, reappointed  all  former  committees,  ratified  and  accepted  all  previous 
minutes,  and  adopted  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the  corporation. 

The  committee  on  location  of  site  reported  the  assignment  of  one  of  the 
most  eligible  sites  on  the  grounds  for  a  state  building,  and  recommended  its 
acceptance.  Applications  for  space  in  all  of  the  national  buildings  were  made. 

Premiums  were  offered,  and  the  architects  of  Kansas  were  invited  to  com- 
pete in  furnishing  designs  for  the  state  building.  A  committee  to  confer  with 
fair  associations  and  secure  cooperation  in  collecting  exhibits  was  appointed. 

February  16,  1892,  arrangements  were  completed  with  the  State  Fair  As- 
sociation, at  Topeka,  and  Southern  Kansas  Fair  Association,  at  Wichita,  by 
which  the  associations  named  offered  large  premiums  for  all  nonperishable 
farm  products,  and  the  Board  of  Managers  assisted  the  associations  by  pub_ 
lishing  and  giving  wide  circulation  to  the  premium  lists. 

February  17,  designs  for  the  state  building  were  examined,  and  premiums- 
awarded:  First  premium,  8200,  Seymour  Davis,  Topeka;  second  premium,. 
$150,  J.  W.  Perkins,  Topeka;  third  premium,  $100,  Geo.  P.  Washburn,  Ot- 
tawa. 

March  1,  Sevmour  Davis  was  employed  to  superintend  the  construction  of" 
the  state  building,  he  agreeing  to  accept  $250  and  necessary  expenses  for  his 
services. 

March  15,  the  Secretary  and  Hon.  Martin  Mohler,  secretary  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  commenced  a  work  which  they  continued  through  the 
summer,  holding  meetings  in  a  large  number  of  the  counties  for  the  purpose 
of  organizing  county  Columbian  associations  and  county  agricultural  socie- 
ties, the  immediate  purpose  being  the  collection  of  funds  and  materials  for- 
the  Kansas  exhibit,  and  the  further  purpose  of  creating  a  greater  general  in- 
terest in  the  work  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

March  31,  specifications  and  working  plans  for  the  state  building  were 
approved,  and  competition  in  the  construction  of  the  building  invited 

April  28,  proposals  were  opened,  and  the  contract  for  construction  awarded 
to  Fellows  &  Vansant,  of  Topeka,  their  bid,  $19,995,  being  the  lowest  propo- 
sition received. 

June  6,  the  first  payment  for  material  in  place  and  labor  performed  on 
Kansas  building  was  made;  amount,  $2,000.  July  1,  $4,000,  and  August  8,. 
$5,000,  were  paid.  At  this  time  the  funds  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  were 


4  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

exhausted,  and  the  Secretary  was  authorized  to  secure  $1,800  on  the  note  of 
the  corporation  to  pay  outstanding  warrants  and  provide  for  current  expenses. 

September  6,  the  funds  received  enabled  the  Board  to  pay  their  outstand- 
ing note,  but  another  payment  of  $4,500  being  due,  $5,000  was  borrowed  to 
meet  it  and  provide  for  current  expenses. 

October  10,  the  contractors  having  notified  the  Board  that  the  building 
would  be  completed  and  ready  for  acceptance,  it  was  decided  to  receive  and 
•dedicate  it  with  appropriate  ceremony  October  22.  The  Secretary  was  di- 
rected to  prepare  a  program.  Three  hundred  dollars  was  paid  to  the  con- 
tractors, and  the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  make  further  payments  from 
time  to  time  as  money  was  received.  Under  this  authority  payments  of  $600 
^,nd  $400  were  made,  respectively,  October  26  and  31. 

October  22,  at  10:30  A.  M.,  the  ceremony  in  dedication  was  commenced, 
and  at  noon  that  day  the  Kansas  building  stood  the  first  completed  and  dedi- 
cated state  building  on  the  exposition  grounds. 

On  November  11  a  payment  of  $3,095  was  made  to  the  contractors  on  the 
building,  the  Board  borrowing  $3,000  to  meet  the  obligation. 

November  21,  Prof.  S.  W.  Williston  and  Prof.  Erasmus  Haworth,  both  of 
the  State  University,  were  placed  in  charge  of  the  department  of  mines  and 
mining,  and  authorized  to  collect  and  prepare  the  Kansas  exhibit  in  that  de- 
partment. The  contractors  presented  a  bill  of  $2,442.10  for  extra  labor  per- 
formed and  material  furnished  on  account  of  changes  made  in  the  Kansas 
building,  under  orders  of  the  chief  of  construction.  A  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  investigate  and  audit  the  claim. 

December  6,  information  of  the  death  of  0.  B.  Hildreth,  member  of  the 
Board  from  the  seventh  district,  at  his  home  in  Harvey  county,  December  3, 
was  received.  Resolutions  were  adopted,  expressing  the  esteem  in  which  Mr. 
Hildreth  was  held  by  the  members  of  the  Board,  and  expressing  the  sympathy 
of  each  of  the  members  for  Mrs.  Hildreth  and  family  in  this  affliction. 

The  note  for  $5,000  negotiated  September  6,  being  due,  was  paid,  and  a 
payment  of  $2,000  was  made  on  contractors'  bill  for  extra  labor  and  material, 
the  Board  borrowing  $7,500  to  meet  these  payments  and  other  current  ex- 
penses. 

January  4,  1893,  $200  was  paid  to  the  contractors,  leaving  a  balance  of 
$100  due  upon  the  building,  and  $242.10  on  bill  for  extras. 

The  foregoing  statements,  compiled  from  the  records  in  the  Secretary's  of- 
fice, show  the  steps  that  have  been  taken  to  carry  the  work  to  its  present  con- 
dition. The  difficulties  encountered  and  the  progress  made  cannot  all  be 
learned  from  the  recorded  proceedings  of  the  Board.  It  has  been  the  pur- 
pose of  the  Board  of  Managers  to  do  only  those  things  absolutely  necessary 
to  hold  our  place  in  line  with  other  states  until  the  legislature  would  meet, 
and  then  ask  the  state  to  assume  control  of  the  enterprise.  It  was  for  this 
reason  that  the  apportionment  made  by  the  bureau  of  promotion  was  divided, 
and  only  50  per  cent,  of  the  allotments  made  were  called.  We  have  taken  a 
lot  and  erected  a  building,  and  made  a  large  collection  of  nonperishable  farm 


IT.  —  FRONT  ENTRANCE— Kansas  Building      Hutchinson  fountain  and 
rock  salt  in  foreground.     (Page  19.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  5 

products,  because  this  work,  if  done  at  all,  had  to  be  done  prior  to  the  present 
time.  The  lot  secured  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  on  the  exposition  grounds- 
The  building  is  a  credit  to  the  state,  and  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose 
for  which  it  was  constructed,  its  prominent  feature  being  the  large  exhibition 
rooms  in  both  stories,  where  samples  of  our  products  and  resources  will  invite 
the  attention  of  the  world. 

For  the  purpose  of  collecting  funds  and  exhibits,  76  Columbian  associa- 
tions have  been  organized.  All  of  these  organizations  solicited  and  obtained 
subscriptions,  but  only  50  of  them  collected  and  paid  in  money.  They  gen- 
erally collected  exhibits,  and  these  collections,  when  added  to  those  secured 
by  the  premiums  offered  in  May,  1891,  and  those  received  from  fajr  associa- 
tions during  the  years  1891  and  1892,  will  enable  the  state  to'  present  a  cred- 
itable display  of  farm  products  in  the  national  building  and  duplicate  it  in 
the  state  building. 

Our  two  lady  managers  have  devoted  their  entire  time  to  the  work  of  their 
department,  and  will  present  an  exhibit  that  will  be  an  honor  to  the  state. 
In  addition  to  exhibits  in  every  department,  they  will  have  an  excellent  col- 
lective display  in  the  state  building,  and  have  secured  tables,  chairs,  tapestry 
and  furniture  of  every  description  for  the  building. 

Professors  Williston  and  Haworth,  in  charge  of  our  mining  exhibit,  have 
their  work  well  inaugurated,  and  will  present  an  exhibit  of  the  economic 
geology  of  the  state  that  will  be  extensive  and  beautiful,  and  will  expose  un- 
developed wealth  in  the  state  in  a  way  that  will  surprise  our  own  citizens  and 
attract  investments. 

The  educational  exhibit  is  under  charge  of  a  board  of  directors  appointed 
by  the  State  Teachers'  Association.  They  have  consulted  with  us  at  differ- 
ent times,  and  we  have  assigned  them  space  in  the  state  building;  but  the 
preparation  of  their  exhibit  and  the  collection  of  necessary  funds  for  the 
same  have  been  under  their  own  control,  and  their  receipts  and  disbursements 
are  not  made  a  part  of  our  financial  statement. 

The  State  Agricultural  College  has  made  collections  of  the  woods  of  the 
state,  and  will  be  able  to  present  an  interesting  exhibit  in  the  forestry  build- 
ing. Our  means  were  so  limited  that  we  were  unable  to  render  them  assist- 
ance. They  will  make  a  display  of  the  educational  features  of  the  college 
in  the  state  building,  and  have  a  large  collection  of  agricultural  products 
that  are  available  for  the  agricultural  exhibit. 

The  State  Historical  Society,  which  was  invited  by  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers to  make  an  exhibit  from  its  collections,  in  the  reading  room  of  the  Kan- 
sas building,  duly  accepted  the  invitation,  and  has  appointed  a  committee 
to  make  arrangements  for  the  exhibit.  Pictures,  historical  papers,  Kansas 
books,  aboriginal  relics,  and  objects  of  all  kinds,  illustrative  of  Kansas  his- 
tory and  of  the  life  and  customs  of  the  people,  will  be  brought  into  this  ex- 
hibit. 

The  State  Normal  School  will  place  a  handsome  cabinet  in  the  state 
building,  with  an  exhibit  from  that  institution. 


6  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

Preliminary  work  has  been  done  by  the  horticulturists  of  the  state,  and 
they  will  be  ready  to  maintain  Kansas  in  her  position  as  a  great  fruit  grow- 
ing state. 

The  dairymen's  association  are  preparing  to  present  exhibits  of  their  prod" 
<ucts. 

Live  stock,  manufactures,  and  other  industries  are  receiving  attention 
from  individuals  and  associations  interested;  and  we  feel  that  we  have  ac- 
•cotnplished  our  purpose  and  performed  a  service  that  will  enable  the  state  to 
make  a  creditable  exhibition  of  her  products  and  resources  at  the  exposition- 
The  management  has  been  economical  The  members  of  the  Board  have 
given  their  time  and  performed  their  duties  without  salary.  The  two  lady 
members  have  given  their  entire  time  and  have  received  no  compensation.* 
The  Secretary,  who  has  devoted  his  entire  time,  has  been  given  a  salary  of 
$90  per  month. 

The  kindness  of  Hon.  F.  P.  Baker,  who  has  furnished  the  Secretary  with 
an  office,  heated,  lighted  and  cared  for  without  cost,  from  the  commencement 
of  our  work  to  the  present  time,  is  gratefully  acknowledged. 

We  are  also  indebted  to  the  several  railroad  companies  operating  lines 
within  the  state  for  free  transportation  within  the  state.  Their  courtesy 
was  a  valuable  assistance. 

The  following  is  a  complete  statement  of  our  receipts  and  expenditures: 

ITEMS.  Receipts.       I  Expenditures. 


Received  from  bureau  of  promotion £1,296  56     

Received  from  counties,  companies,  and  individuals 17,253  08  | 

Received  borrowed  money 17,431  25  j 

Paid  premiums  for  designs  for  state  building ,  $450  00 

"      contractors  for  building 22,237  10 

•"      commission  to  architect 250  00 

•"      expense  of  architect  superintending 340  00 

•"      expense  of  state  architect  presenting  plans  for  ap-| 

proval 31  00 

"      janitor  in  state  building 6000 

•"      furniture  and  fuel  in  state  building 69  30 

"      expense  at  dedication 104  25 

"      insurance 375  00 

*'      salary  of  secretary,  at  $90  per  month 1,539  00 

•"      expense  of  lady  managers 315  40 

•"      printing  and  stationery 466  50 

•"      rent  of  warehouse 370  00 

*'      traveling  expense  of  members  of  the  board 770  80 

""      collection  and  transportation  of  exhibits 1,581  41 

""      service  of  decorator 133  65 

""  miscellaneous  expenses  by  secretary,  including  post-j 
age,  express,  office  supplies,  and  traveling  expense^ 
of  secretary,  and  railroad  fare  for  persons  in  serv-i 

ice  of  the  board i 493  43 

*'      discounts  on  notes  sold 478  00 

"      notes 6,800  00 

Account  with  treasurer  overdrawn 322  79  287  42 

Warrants  not  presented 851  58     

Totals $37,155  76  i      $37,155  26 

*  The  lady  members  were  subsequently  paid  $500  each  by  action  of  the  legislature. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 
The  liabilities  of  the  Board  of  Managers  are: 


Due  counties  and  corporations  

$19,097  81 
10  631  25 

"     Treasurer  on  warrants  paid  
"     on  outstanding  warrants  
"     contractors,  when  building  is  complete.        ... 

322  79 
851  58 
200  00 

Total  

$31,103  43 

For  the  information  of  the  persons  who  advanced  the  money  that  has  been 
expended,  and  the  legislature  who  are  asked  to  assume  this  enterprise  for  the 
state,  and  for  your  consideration  and  advice  to  the  legislature,  the  above  re- 
port of  the  proceedings  of  the  Board  of  Managers  is  respectfully  submitted. 

THE  BOARD.- 

At  Large. — A.  W.  SMITH,  Groveland,  McPherson  county. 

FBEDEBICK  WELLHOUSE,  Fairmount,  Leavenworth  county. 
First  District — W.  A.  HABBIS,  Linwood,  Leavenworth  county. 
Second  District — R.  W.  SPAEB,  Lawrence,  Douglas  county. 
Third  District—  E.  H.  BBOWN,  Girard,  Crawford  county. 
Fourth  District — A.  S.  JOHNSON,  Topeka,  Shawnee  county. 
Fifth  District— V7.  H.  SMITH,  Marysville,  Marshall  county. 
Sixth  District — WM.  SIMPSON,  Norton,  Norton  county. 
Seventh  District  —  * 

MBS.  ROBT.  B.  MITCHELL,  Fort  Scott,  Bourbon  county. 
MBS.  LEWIS  HANBACK,  Topeka,  Shawnee  cpunty. 

*  The  member  for  this  district,  O.  B.  Hildreth,  died  December  3,  1892. 


Report  of  the  "  Board  of  World's  Fair 
Managers,  of  Kansas." 


March  to  December,  1893. 


TOPEKA,  KAS.,  December  14,  1893. 
To  Hon.  L.  D.  Levelling,  Governor: 

SIR — The  foregoing  report  of  the  "Board  of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit, 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  Corporation,"  in  brief,  including  the  finan- 
cial exhibit,  discloses  the  progress  made  and  the  condition  of  the  work  as  re- 
ported to  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Kansas  when  it  assumed 
control,  in  accordance  with  the  following  act  of  the  legislature,  approved 
March  4,  1893: 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  collection,  arrangement  and  display  of  the  products  of  the  state  of  Kansas 
at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  and  to  provide  for  the  transfer  of  the  property  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  Kansas  World's  Columbian  Exposition  Corporation,  and  to  make  an  appropria- 
tion therefor,  and  to  pay  certain  expenses  already  incurred  in  preparing  for  said  exhibit,  and  to 
declare  the  powers  of  said  corporation  respecting  said  property. 

WHEBEAS,  The  congress  of  the  United  States  has  provided,  by  an  act  approved 
April  25,  1890,  for  celebrating  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of 
America  by  Christopher  Columbus,  by  holding  an  international  exposition  of  arts, 
industries,  manufactures,  and  the  products  of  the  field,  mine,  and  sea,  in  the  city  of 
Chicago,  in  the  state  of  Illinois,  in  the  year  1893;  and 

WHEBEAS,  It  is  of  great  importance  that  the  natural  resources,  industrial  develop- 
ment and  general  progress  and  wealth  of  the  state  of  Kansas  should  be  fully  and 
creditably  displayed  to  the  world  at  said  exhibition;  and 

WHEBEAS,  The  Board  of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit, World's  Columbian  Exposition 
Corporation  has  expended  a  large  sum  of  money  in  securing  an  eligible  location  and 
erecting  a  suitable  building,  and  making  other  necessary  preparations  to  enable  the 
state  of  Kansas  to  make  a  creditable  exhibition  thereat;  therefore, 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  Kansas  : 

SECTION  1.  That  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  resources,  products  and  gen- 
eral development  of  the  state  of  Kansas  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of 
1893,  a  commission  is  hereby  constituted,  to  be  designated  the  "Board  of  World's 
Fair  Managers,  of  Kansas,"  which  shall  consist  of  seven  citizens,  one  to  be  appointed 
from  each  congressional  district,  to  be  organized  and  continue  in  its  duties  as  here- 
inafter provided:  Provided,  That  no  more  than  three  of  said  commissioners  shall  be- 
long to  the  same  political  party. 

SEC.  2.  That  members  of  said  Board  shall  be  appointed  by  the  governor  within 
10  days  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  shall  meet  at  such  time  as  the  governor 
may  appoint,  and  organize  by  the  election  of  a  President,  a  Vice  President,  a  Secre- 

(8) 


HI-— VESTIBULE— Kansas  Building.    Showing  wall  decorations.    (Page  19.) 


IV.— WALL  DECORATIONS — Kansas  Building.    (Page  20.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  9 

tary,  and  a  Treasurer.  The  Treasurer  of  said  Board  shall  give  a  bond  to  the  state 
in  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  ( $25.000),  in  sufficient  securities,  to  be 
approved  by  the  governor,  for  the  proper  performance  of  his  duties.  Four  mem- 
bers of  said  Board  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business.  The 
Board  shall  have  the  power  to  make  rules  and  regulations  for  its  own  government: 
Provided,  Such  rules  and  regulations  shall  not  conflict  with  the  regulations  adopted 
under  the  act  of  congress  for  the  government  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 
Any  member  of  the  Board  may  be  removed  at  any  time  by  the  governor  for  cause. 
Any  vacancy  which  shall  occur  in  the  membership  of  said  Board  shall  be  filled  by 
the  governor. 

SEC.  3.  The  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  is  authorized  and  directed  to  as- 
sume and  exercise  all  such  executive  powers  and  functions  as  may  be  necessary  to 
secure  a  complete  and  creditable  display  of  the  interests  of  the  state  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  of  1893;  and  they  shall  have  personal  charge  of  the  solicita- 
tions, collections,  transportation,  arrangements  and  exhibition  of  the  objects  sent 
under  the  authority  of  the  state  to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  and 
of  such  objects  sent  by  individual  citizens  of  the  state  as  may  be  by  them  placed  in 
their  charge. 

SEC.  4.  Each  member  of  the  Board  appointed  under  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  for  their  salary  and  expenses  the  sum  of  $4  per  day  for  the  time  actually 
employed:  Provided,  however,  That  the  Secretary  shall  receive  the  additional  sum  of 
f  1  per  §ay. 

SEC.  5.  The  Board  shall  have  charge  of  the  interest  of  the  state  and  its  citizens 
in  the  preparation  and  exhibition  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  and 
of  the  natural,  agricultural,  live  stock,  horticultural  and  industrial  products  of  the 
state,  and  of  objects  illustrating  its  history,  progress,  moral  and  material  welfare 
and  future  development,  and  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  said  World's  Columbian 
Exposition;  it  shall  communicate  with  the  officers  and  obtain  and  disseminate 
through  the  state  necessary  information  regarding  said  exposition,  and  in  general 
shall  have  and  exercise  full  authority  in  relation  to  the  participation  of  the  state  of 
Kansas  and  its  citizens  in  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893. 

SEC.  6.  The  said  Board  shall  make  report  of  its  proceedings  and  expenditures 
from  time  to  time  to  the  governor  and  at  any  time  upon  his  written  request,  to  be 
transmitted  to  the  legislature,  together  with  such  suggestions  as  they  may  deem 
important  regarding  provisions  for  a  complete  and  creditable  representation  of  the 
state  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893. 

SEC.  7.  To  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  to  pay  the  expenses  already 
incurred,  the  sum  of  sixty-five  thousand  dollars  ( $65,000),  or  as  much  thereof  as 
may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated  and  the  state  treasurer  is  directed  to  pay 
the  same  from  the  revenue  fund,  from  time  to  time,  on  the  requisition  of  said  Board, 
signed  by  the  President  and  Secretary,  and  approved  by  the  governor,  and  accom- 
panied by  estimates  of  the  expenses  to  the  payment  of  which  the  money  so  drawn 
is  to  be  applied.  Provided,  That  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Kansas,  as 
herein  constituted,  is  hereby  empowered  to  receive  the  so  called  Kansas  World's 
Fair  building  at  Chicago  which  is  partially  completed  and  such  exhibit  so  far  as 
collected  as  in  their  judgment  is  desirable,  and  settle  for  the  same  in  such  manner 
as  may  appear  to  said  Board  to  be  equitable  and  just:  Provided,  however,  That  the 
amount  subscribed  and  paid  by  the  different  counties  and  corporations  shall  remain 
in  the  treasury  of  the  state  subject  to  the  order  of  the  World's  Fair  treasurer  of 
the  different  counties  or  corporations,  and  if  there  be  no  such  treasurer  then  the 
county  treasurer  shall  draw  such  money  upon  his  warrant,  sworn  and  subscribed  to, 
that  the  amount  so  demanded  was  paid  and  contributed  to  the  World's  Fair  fund  by 


10  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

his  county  or  corporation.  And  the  said  treasurer,  upon'proper  showing  and  proof, 
shall  disburse  the  said  amount  to  the  respective  parties  or  corporations  contribut- 
ing the  same  and  shall  take  a  receipt  therefor:  Provided,  further,  That  no  warrant 
shall  be  drawn  on  the  treasurer  for  any  expenses  already  incurred  by  the  Board  of 
Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit,  World's  Columbian  Exhibition  Corporation  or  until  such 
corporation  shall  have  transferred  all  its  property,  franchises,  leases,  etc.,  and  as- 
signed all  of  its  policies  of  insurance  to  the  commission  herein  created,  nor  until 
there  shall  have  been  presented  to  the  governor  of  the  state  an  itemized  statement 
thereof,  together  with  such  proof  of  the  correctness  thereof  as  he  may  require,  and 
until  such  bills  shall  have  indorsed  thereon  his  approval  in  writing:  Provided,  fur- 
ther, That  at  the  termination  of  the  exposition  all  mineral  specimens  or  peculiar 
specimens  of  wood  and  engravings,  and  such  articles  and  specimens  as  may  be 
placed  in  the  charge  of  said  Board  by  private  citizens  or  state  institutions,  shall  be 
returned  to  the  parties  entitled  to  the  same;  but  the  proceeds  of  all  property  sold 
which  was  built,  made  or  acquired  by  reason  of  this  appropriation  shall  be  turned 
into  the  state  treasury  and  constitute  a  part  of  the  general  fund. 

SEC.  8.  The  Managers  are  hereby  authorized  to  exchange  with  other  states  and 
nations  duplicate  specimens  when  practicable,  and  add  such  articles  as  may  thus  be 
received  in  exchange  to  the  original  collections  from  this  state,  all  of  which,  at  the 
close  of  the  exposition,  shall  be  returned  by  said  Managers  to  the  agricultural  rooms 
in  the  statehouse,  at  Topeka,  there  to  constitute  a  museum  and  to  be  preserved  as 
the  property  of  the  state.  • 

SEC.  9.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  publication 
once  in  the  official  state  paper. 

Approved  March  4,  1893. 

Under  this  act,  Governor  Lewelling  appointed  T.  J.  Anderson,  of  the 
fourth  district;  A.  P.  Collins,  fifth  district;  G.  W.  Glick,  first  district;  H.  H. 
Kern,  second  district;  M.  W.  Cobun,  seventh  district;  L.  P.  King,  third  dis- 
trict; Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  sixth  district;  who  met  at  the  call  of  the  governor, 
March  6,  1893,  in  Topeka.  A  permanent  organization  was  not  effected, 
owing  to  the  absence  of  some  of  the  appointees,  and  the  meeting  was  ad- 
journed until  March  7,  at  8  o'clock  A.  M.  No  business  of  any  importance 
was  transacted  at  this  meeting,  and  another  adjournment  was  taken  until  7 
o'clock  P.  M.,  at  the  same  place. 

The  Board  met  at  the  appointed  time,  and  all  members  being  present,  a 
partial  organization  was  effected,  by  the  election  of  M.  W.  Cobun  as  Presi- 
dent, L.  P.  King  as  Vice  President,  and  T.  J.  Anderson  as  Treasurer.  The 
election  of  a  Secretary  was  postponed,  owing  to  a  difference  of  opinion  pre- 
vailing among  the  members  as  to  whether  the  Secretary  must  be  chosen  from 
among  the  Board  or  not.  The  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed  by  the  President,  to  proceed  at 
once  to  Chicago,  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  Kansas  building, 
investigate  and  report  upon  the  cost  of  making  a  display  in  the  several  national 
buildings,  and  upon  such  other  matters  as  may  be  thought  necessary,  and  to  report 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  March  13,  at  8  o'clock  P.  M. 

A  resolution  was  also  adopted  inviting  W.  H.  Smith,  Secretary  of  the 
outgoing  Board,  to  accompany  the  committee,  the  expense  of  the  trip  to  be 
charged  to  the  World's  Fair  fund ;  also,  that  the  outgoing  Board  of  the  Kan- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  11 

sas  exhibit  be  requested  to  meet  with  this  Board  Monday,  March  13, 1893,  at 
8  o'clock  P.  M.,  prepared  to  make  the  transfer  of  the  Kansas  building  at  Chi- 
cago and  other  property,  as  contemplated  by  the  act  creating  this  Board  of 
Managers. 

The  .chairman  appointed  T.  J.  Anderson  and  M.  W.  Cobun  a  committee  to 
visit  Chicago  for  the  purposes  named  in  the  resolution.  The  following  reso- 
lutions were  also  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  H.  H.  Kern  be  requested  to  at  once  take  charge  of  the  articles  for 
exhibition  now  in  the  warehouse,  send  for  all  collections  in  the  state,  and  proceed  at 
once  to  put  the  materials  for  exhibit  into  proper  condition  for  use  at  Chicago. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  and  Vice  President  be  made  a  committee  to  prepare 
an  estimate  of  the  amount  of  money  necessary  to  be  drawn  for  the  present  use  of 
the  Board. 

It  was  found  impossible  for  M.  W.  Cobun  to  serve  on  committee  to  Chi- 
cago, on  account  of  legislative  duties.  The  Board  adjourned,  to  meet  at  the 
office  of  the  secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  in  the  statehouse, 
March  13,  8  o'clock  p.  M. 

Board  met  as  per  adjournment,  the  old  Board  meeting  with  them  in  joint 
session.  A  motion  was  made  and  carried  that  a  committee  of  three  persons 
be  appointed  by  the  chairman  of  each  Board,  to  meet  at  No.  722  Jackson 
street,  Topeka,  at  9  o'clock  A.  M.,  March  14,  1893,  to  report  a  plan  by  which 
the  property  now  in  possession  of  the  old  Board  be  transferred  to  the  new 
Board,  the  new  Board  agreeing  to  assume  the  indebtedness  of  the  old  Board, 
as  reported  by  the  joint  committee,  adopted  by  the  Board,  and  approved  by 
the  governor. 

The  old  Board  then  withdrew,  and  the  new  Board  proceeded  to  complete 
their  organization  by  the  election  of  Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  Secretary. 

On  motion,  the  President  appointed  G.  W.  Glick,  T.  J.  Anderson  and  H. 
H.  Kern  a  committee  to  meet  with  the  old  Board,  to  make  settlement  as 
above  referred  to. 

T.  J.  Anderson  reported  that  his  official  bond,  as  Treasurer  of  the  Board, 
had  been  approved  by  the  governor,  and  filed  with  the  secretary  of  state. 

In  accordance  with  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Board,  T.  J.  Anderson 
submitted  a  report  of  his  visit  to  Chicago,  which  was  satisfactory  to  the  Board. 
An  adjournment  was  then  taken  until  2  o'clock  P.M.,  March  14. 

At  this  meeting  all  members  of  the  Board  were  present ;  also  Messrs.  S.  T. 
Howe,  A.  S.  Johnson,  and  "VV.  H.  Smith,  committee  on  the  part  of  the  old 
Board. 

The  following  contract  was  read  and  adopted,  and  the  President  and  Sec- 
retary instructed  to  execute  the  same  and  present  it  to  the  governor  for  his 
approval : 

THIS  AGEEEMENT,  Made  the  14th  day  of  March,  1893,  by  and  between  the  "Board 
of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit,  World's  Columbian  Exposition  Corporation,"  party  of 
the  first  part,  and  the  "Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Kansas,"  as  acting  for 
and  on  behalf  of  the  state  of  Kansas,  party  of  the  second  part:  Witnesseth,  That  in 
pursuance  of  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  Kansas,  known  as  house  bill 


12  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

No.  83,  approved  March  4,  1893,  the  party  of  the  first  part  does  hereby  set  over  and 
transfer  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  the  following  described  property,  to  wit: 

The  building  in  Jackson  Park,  Illinois,  known  as  the  Kansas  World's  Fair  build- 
ing, complete  according  to  contract,  which  is  hereto  attached,  marked  exhibit  "A," 
and  made  a  part  of  this  agreement;  three  fire-insurance  policies  on  said  building  of 
five  thousand  dollars  ($5,000)  each;  all  its  franchises,  leases;  and  all  articles  pre- 
pared or  in  preparation  for  exhibition  at  the  World's  Fair  now  in  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago, in  the  city  of  Topeka,  or  elsewhere  in  the  state  of  Kansas;  all  books  of  record, 
blanks  and  stationery,  and  office  and  other  furniture,  together  with  all  the  property 
of  every  description,  mentioned  or  not  mentioned,  now  in  possession  of  the  party 
of  the  first  part. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  hereinbefore  referred  to,  the  party 
of  the  second  part  hereby  promises  and  agrees  to  accept  the  transfer  herein  men- 
tioned, and  pay  to  the  party  of  the  first  part  the  following  sums,  and  for  the  follow- 
ing purposes,  to  wit: 

Amount  due  counties  and  corporations,  as  per  detailed  statement  attached  hereto,  marked 

exhibits,  the  sum  of , $19,097  81 

The  above  amount  to  remain  in  the  treasury  of  the  state  of  Kansas,  and  to  be  drawn 
therefrom  in  accordance  with  the  said  act. 

Outstanding  notes  of  said  party  of  the  first  part,  the  sum  of 10,500  00 

Interest  on  same 131  25 

Outstanding  warrants  of  the  party  of  the  first  part 851  58 

Account  with  Treasurer  of  the  party  of  the  first  part  overdrawn 322  79 

Amount  due  contractors  when  Kansas  building  is  complete 100  00 

Total $31,003  43 

The  above  amounts  to  be  paid  upon  completion  of  the  contract. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  hereby  agrees  to  assume  all  existing  contracts  re- 
quiring the  removal  of  the  Kansas  building  from  the  grounds  at  the  close  of  the 
World's  Fair,  and  the  cleaning  of  the  grounds  occupied  by  said  building. 

IN  WITNESS  WHEBEOF,  The  parties  to  these  presents  have  hereunto  set  their  hands 
and  seals,  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

The  Board  of  Managers,  Kansas  Exhibit,  World's  Fair  Columbian  Exposition 
Corporation,  by  A.  S.  JOHNSON,  Vice  President. 

[SEAL.]  W.  H.  SMITH,  Secretary. 

The  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Kansas,  by 

M.  W.  COBUN,  President. 
MBS.  A.  M.  CLABK,  Secretary. 

Committee  from  old  Board  withdrew;  and  the  following  resolution  by  G. 
W.  Glick  was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed  by  the  chairman  to  consider  the 
propriety  of  offering  premiums  on  live  stock  to  Kansas  exhibitors,  and  the  amount 
of  such  premiums,  if  any,  and  the  nature  of  their  distribution. 

President  appointed  on  committee  A.  P.  Collins  and  G.  W.  Glick. 
On  March  14,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  $1,000  be  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  state  board 
having  in  charge  the  educational  display  of  the  state,  upon  condition  that  the  said 
display  be  completed  in  the  government  building  and  in  the  Kansas  state  building 
according  to  the  plans  as  agreed  to  by  the  old  Board;  said  amounts  to  be  paid  from 
time  to  time  on  vouchers  duly  authorized  by  the  officers  of  the  state  board  and  ap- 
proved by  this  Board. 

Resolved,  That  each  member  of  this  Board  take  such  steps  as  are  necessary  to 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  13 

procure  the  exhibits  from  the  different  Columbian  clubs  in  their  respective  congres- 
sional districts  on  board  cars  free,  if  possible. 

Resolved,  That  Commissioner  H.  H.  Kern  be  directed  to  take  entire  charge  of  and 
make  the  display  in  the  agricultural  building  and  in  the  Kansas  state  building. 
That  for  this  purpose  the  sum  of  $9,000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is 
hereby  appropriated  with  which  to  make  the  entire  exhibit  and  all  expenses  of 
whatever  nature  of  this  date,  and  until  the  close  of  the  fair;  the  removal  of  the 
same,  all  renewals  of  the  same  during  the  season,  and  all  help  and  other  expenses 
of  whatever  nature,  and  that  Commissioner  Kern  is  hereby  directed  not  to  exceed 
this  amount  under  any  circumstances.  That  the  President  and  Secretary  be  author- 
ized to  draw  warrants  on  the  Treasurer,  from  time  to  time,  in  such  sums  as  may  be 
required,  on  proper  vouchers  approved  by  H.  H.  Kern. 

At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Board  the  following  circular  letter  was  intro- 
duced by  T.  J.  Anderson  and  approved  by  the  Board: 

BOABD  OF  WOBLD'S  FAIB  MANAGEBS  OF  KANSAS, 

TOPEKA,  KAS.,  March  16,  1893. 
To  the  Columbian  Clubs  and  Citizens  of  Kansas: 

The  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  respectfully  submit  the  following:  Settle- 
ment has  been  made  with  the  old  Board,  the  property  transferred,  and  payment 
made  as  contemplated  by  the  act  of  the  legislature.  The  work  will  be  taken  up 
where  the  old  Board  left  off  and  their  plans  fully  carried  out,  and  we  ask  the  active 
and  earnest  cooperation  of  every  Columbian  club  and  every  citizen  of  the  state 
who  is  interested  in  putting  Kansas  to  the  front  at  Chicago.  The  time  is  very  short, 
and  all  material  and  exhibits  of  every  character  should  be  shipped  to  the  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers,  Topeka,  at  once.  The  legislature  appropriated  $65,000. 
Of  this  amount  $19,097.81  remains  in  the  state  treasury  to  reimburse  the  counties 
and  corporations  for  the  funds  advanced  by  them.  The  debts  of  the  old  Board 
amounted  to  $11,905.62.  This  leaves  but  $33,966.67  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board 
with  which  to  make  the  entire  exhibit. 

In  addition  to  the  display  required  in  the  Kansas  building,  exhibits  must 
be  made  in  the  agricultural,  horticultural,  mining  and  forestry  buildings.  In 
addition  to  the  above,  the  educational  and  live-stock  interests  must  be  cared  for, 
as  well  as  the  State  Historical  Society,  and  the  very  excellent  exhibit  made  by  Pro- 
fessor Dyche,  of  the  State  University;  transportation  to  and  from  Chicago  of  all  ex- 
hibits; the  superintendence  and  care  of  the  Kansas  building  and  all  Kansas  exhibits 
in  the  main  buildings;  the  expense  of  the  Board,  and  a  thousand  and  one  items  of 
expense  impossible  now  to  enumerate.  It  will  be  seen  at  a  glance  that  the  ut- 
most economy  will  have  to  be  exercised,  and  to  this  end  all  Columbian  clubs  and 
others  shipping  materials  for  exhibition  should  if  possible  relieve  this  Board  of  any 
expense  connected  with  the  packing  and  shipping  of  exhibits  to  Topeka.  We  are 
greatly  in  need  of  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  and  flax,  in  the  grain,  and  also  in  the 
straw,  for  decorative  purposes.  We  want  ear  corn,  corn  on  the  stalk,  sugar  cane, 
and  millet. 

In  conclusion,  if  you  will  give  your  hearty  cooperation  and  prompt  assistance, 
we  will  make  a  display  that  will  be  a  credit  to  our  great  state  and  a  joy  to  every 
Kansan.  Let  us  hear  from  yo». 

This  was  signed  by  every  member  of  the  Board,  and  the  Secretary  was 
instructed  to  have  the  letter  published  in  the  daily  papers  of  this  city ;  also, 
to  have  500  copies  of  same  printed  and  sent  to  Columbian  clubs  and  indi- 
viduals throughout  the  state. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board>  March  21,  a  resolution  was  passed  permitting 


14  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893, 

"Wyandotte  county  to  make  a  display  in  the  Kansas  building  as  a  county: 
provided,  that  the  Board  should  not  be  to  any  expense  for  same  except  for 
transportation  to  and  from  Chicago. 

On  March  22,  a  meeting  was  held  at  which  the  following  resolution  was 
adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  following  sums,  or  so  much  as  may  be  necessary,  are  hereby 
appropriated  for  the  purposes  named,  and  in  no  instance  shall  the  sum  so  appropri- 
ated be  exceeded  by  the  parties  placed  in  charge  of  the  particular  exhibit  or  expen- 
diture, and  no  bills  of  any  kind  contracted  in  excess  of  the  amounts  named:  Promdedi 
That  itemized  statements  must  be  certified  by  them: 

To  Professors  Haworth  and  Williston,  of  the  State  University,  for  the  display  of 
Kansas  minerals,  building  stones,  salt,  etc.,  as  contemplated  by  the  old  Board,  the 
sum  of  $1,500;  this  sum  to  include  all  expense  of  gathering  the  exhibit  and  putting 
in  place  in  the  Kansas  building,  making  plans  for  the  same,  superintendence  and' 
labor,  and  all  expense  incident  to  the  exhibit,  with  the  exception  of  freight  charges 
to  and  from  Chicago. 

To  Fred.  Wellhouse,  president  of  the  State  Horticultural  Society,  the  sum  of  $2,000; 
the  above  amount  to  cover  all  expenses  of  making  the  display  in  the  horticultural 
building  and  in  the  Kansas  building,  and  the  renewal  of  the  same  during  the  season, 
superintendence,  labor,  express  charges,  and  every  other  item  of  expense  connected 
with  the  horticultural  display  at  the  World's  Fair. 

To  Professor  Dyche,  for  his  natural-history  exhibit  in  the  Kansas  building,  the 
sum  of  $750;  the  above  sum  to  include  all  expense  of  placing  his  display  in  posi- 
tion, scenery,  painting,  labor,  and  superintendence. 

To  the  State  Historical  Society,  the  sum  of  $500;  this  item  to  include  all  expense 
to  the  Board  of  whatever  nature. 

To  the  State  Dairy  Association,  to  assist  in  making  a  display  of  the  dairy  prod- 
ucts of  the  state  in  the  dairy  building,  the  sum  of  $500,  this  sum  to  include  every 
item  of  expense  for  which  this  Board  will  be  liable. 

To  the  State  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  transportation  of  their  exhibit 
to  and  from  Chicago. 

For  the  woman's  department,  to  be  expended  under  the  auspices  of  the  Board, 
$500,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary. 

To  F.  H.  Betton,  for  the  bureau  of  charities  and  correction,  the  necessary  print- 
ing and  $100. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  passed  March  4,  1893,  A.  P.  Collins,  of 
Salina,  traveled  over  the  fifth  district,  and  by  his  untiring  efforts  and  energy 
secured  a  large  number  of  the  finest  specimens  of  cereals  and  grains  exhibited 
in  Jackson  Park,  and  which  he  has  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  have  re- 
ceived many  awards. 

A  good  many  exhibits  from  the  sixth  district  were  secured  through  cor- 
respondence, many  of  which  have  received  awards. 

H.  H.  Kern  personally  superintended  the  wall  decorations  in  both  the 
Kansas  building  and  the  agricultural  pavilion,  and  also  the  placing  of  the 
agricultural  exhibits,  for  the  success  of  which  the  state  is  under  lasting  obli- 
gations to  him.  To  A.  P.  Collins  is  due  the  entire  credit  of  properly  putting 
up,  labeling  and  cataloguing  the  grains  for  competition,  and  superintending 
and  explaining  the  exhibits  to  the  thousands  who  daily  thronged  the  Kansas 
pavilion,  eager  to  know  more  of  the  state  that  had  not  only  the  finest  pa- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  15 

vilion  in  the  whole  building,  but  the  best  collection  of  grains  and  vegetables 
inside  of  it.  He  was  relieved  at  times  by  L.  P.  King  and  others. 

The  Board  received  a  car  load  of  corn  from  the  Franklin  County  Colum- 
bian Association,  which  was  especially  acceptable.  Nearly  half  a  car  load 
of  grains  and  grasses  was  secured  from  the  old  Board,  and  used  in  decorating 
the  walls  of  the  Kansas  building.  Corn  was  bought  in  the  vicinity  of  Topeka 
to  complete  the  decorations. 

Wyandotte  county  made  an  exhibit  that  occupied  a  large  space  on  the 
wall  of  the  building.  • 

Later  in  the  season,  stalks  of  corn  were  received  from  Atchison  county, 
raised  by  G.  W.  Glick  and  S.  C.  King,  and  from  Cowley  county,  raised  by 
Thomas  A.  Coulter,  also  grasses.  Corn  was  sent  by  Mr.  Fifield,  of  Washing- 
ton county,  which  received  special  mention  in  the  Chicago  Herald.  Sheaves 
of  wheat  were  supplied  by  Saline,  Dickinson  and  Riley  counties,  all  of  which 
were  properly  marked,  giving  height,  time  of  planting,  etc.  Their  wonderful 
growth  excited  much  comment  on  the  part  of  visiting  agriculturalists  and 
others,  and  a  number  of  samples  received  awards. 

Thieves  were  making  such  inroads  into  exhibits  all  over  the  grounds  that, 
for  the  better  protection  of  exhibits  in  the  Kansas  building,  it  was  deemed 
advisable  to  ask  for  extra  guard  service  in  and  around  the  building,  but  they 
could  not  be  procured,  as  there  were  none  that  could  be  spared  from  other 
places.  There  seemed  to  be  an  organized  band  of  thieves  on  the  ground,  who 
infested  every  house  and  building;  losses  in  some  cases  running  into  the 
thousands  of  dollars.  Detectives  were  put  on  their  track,  and  many  were  ar- 
rested, but  pilfering  still  continued  to  more  or  less  extent. 

On  June  12,  the  question  of  having  exhibits  in  the  state  buildings  exam- 
ined for  awards  came  up  and  was  referred  to  the  President  of  the  Board,  with 
instructions  that  he  lay  the  matter  before  the  national  executive  commission 
(of  which  he  was  a  member)  at  their  next  meeting  and  urge  favorable  action. 

The  national  executive  commission  appointed  a  committee  of  three,  of 
which  M.  W.  Cobun  was  one,  to  attend  to  it.  No  favorable  action  was  re- 
ported to  us  and  no  examination  of  exhibits  was  made  in  our  building,  except 
in  the  case  of  Prof.  L.  L.  Dyche,  who  acted  independently  of  the  Board  and 
secured  an  examination  of  his  famous  exhibit  of  American  mammals  and  ob- 
tained the  first  medal  for  the  same,  and  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company  se- 
cured an  awai'd  on  its  miniature  electric  train. 

On  July  18,  the  Board  discussed  the  advisibility  of  proposing  the  names  of 
three  Kansas  gentlemen,  well  known  in  grain  circles  as  experts,  and  compe- 
tent to  judge  of  agricultural  exhibits.  They  therefore  selected  the  following- 
named  persons:  John  Brinkman,  of  Great  Bend,  J.  C.  Ford,  of  Kansas  City, 
and  Church  White,  of  Atchison ;  and  instructed  the  President  to  present  these 
names  to  Hon.  John  Boyd  Thacher,  and  urgently  request  the  appointment 
of  those  gentlemen  as  judges  on  agricultural  products. 

The  President  took  the  names  as  instructed  and  laid  them  before  the  chief 
of  the  bureau  of  awards;  the  aid  of  our  national  commissioners  was  solicited, 


16  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

but  later  on  it  was  found  that  Kansas  had  her  quota  of  judges,  four  of  them 
being  on  manufactures,  one  on  forestry,  and  one  on  machinery,  while  the 
agricultural,  horticultural,  live  stock  and  dairy  interests  were  left  to  take 
care  of  themselves. 

The  fruit  crop  being  almost  an  entire  failure,  it  was  thought  for  a  time 
that  the  horticultural  exhibit  would  have  to  be  abandoned,  but  Judge  Well- 
house,  who  was  in  charge  of  that  department,  after  visiting  the  principal 
fruit  growers  in  the  state,  found  he  could  make  a  creditable  exhibit,  and  a 
display  was  in  place *in  time  for  "Kansas  Week,"  as  was  also  an  excellent 
display  of  vegetables  from  all  parts  of  the  state,  gathered  by  the  various 
members  of  the  Board  and  Kansas  editors,  who  each  and  all  contributed 
something  as  their  offering.  At  the  same  time,  Shawnee  county  sent  in  a 
large  collection  of  grains  and  grasses  of  the  new  crop  of  1893. 

The  Kansas  building  having  been  formally  dedicated  October  22,  1892, 
it  was  deemed  advisable  to  merely  throw  open  the  doors  to  visitors  without 
formal  ceremony.  The  committee  on  ceremonies  had  selected  September  15 
and  16  for  "Kansas  Days,"  but,  as  there  had  been  no  formal  opening  or  re- 
ception up  to  that  date,  it  was  thought  best  to  prolong  the  festivities  from  the 
llth  to  the  16th,  and  to  invite  the  governor  and  his  staff,  judges  of  the 
supreme  court,  senators  and  members  of  congress,  the  national  guard,  the 
press  and  the  citizens  of  the  state  in  general  to  participate  in  the  ceremonies 
of  the  week.  The  Modoc  Club  was  engaged,  and  prepared  some  original 
music  that  added  very  much  to  the  success  of  the  week.  Marshall's  Military 
Band,  of  Topeka,  was  secured  to  do  honor  to  the  week.  The  George  Cook 
Drum  Corps,  of  Denver,  formerly  Kansas  boys,  were  at  the  command  of  the 
Board  during  the  entire  week. 

Invitations  were  extended  to  the  press  of  Chicago,  to  all  Columbian  offi- 
cials, heads  of  departments,  and  to  the  national,  state  and  foreign  commission- 
ers. An  immense  platform  had  been  erected  at  the  rear  of  the  building  and 
seats  provided  for  2,000  people.  The  proceedings  of  the  week  were  inaugur- 
ated with  fine  selections  by  Marshall's  band,  the  address  of  welcome  by  Hon. 
M.  W.  Cobun,  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  on  behalf  of  the  Board, 
and  by  Hon.  J.  R.  Burton,  on  behalf  of  the  national  commission ;  response 
by  Governor  Lewelling,  which  was  a  masterly  and  brilliant  effort,  and  highly 
appreciated  by  the  immense  crowd  that  thronged  about  the  Kansas  building. 
(It  is  printed  in  full  in  the  appendix.)  An  original  poem  was  read  by  Doctor 
Roby,  of  Topeka,  which  was  a  grand  effort  and  greeted  with  overwhelming 
applause.  A  few  interesting  remarks  were  made  by  ex-Governor  Robinson, 
the  first  governor  of  Kansas.  The  speeches  were  interspersed  by  the  songs 
of  the  Modoc  Club  on  the  beautiful  Sunflower  State. 

Refreshments  to  invited  guests  were  served  every  day  of  the  week;  and 
Thursday,  press  day,  the  multitudes  were  fed.  Each  day  was  furnished 
with  a  programme  that  was  successfully  carried  out.  In  addition  to  the  reg- 
ular programme,  Miss  Mitchell  sang  "  The  Liberty  Bell "  (  her  own  composi- 
tion) in  a  charming  manner.  The  De  Moss  family,  the  "Lyric  Bards  of 


VI— INTERIOR  OF  EAST  WING— Kansas  Building.    (Page  21.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  17 

America,"  who  compose  all  their  own  words  and  music,  gave  Kansas,  Bright 
Sunflower  State,  in  a  manner  that  elicited  hearty  applause.  The  Hon.  Grin- 
linton,  royal  commissioner  from  Ceylon,  sent  over  a  band  of  his  natives  to 
give  the  celebrated  court  dances  in  the  Kansas  parlors,  in  honor  of  the  oc- 
casion. Commissioners  from  every  state  and  nation  called  during  the  week 
to  pay  their  respects  to  Kansas. 

During  the  week  the  building  was  gaily  decorated  with  flags  and  banners 
bearing  the  statistics  of  the  crops  of  1892.  Other  events  of  the  week  were 
the  procession  on  Thursday  and  the  Friday  night  program  at  festival  hall,  at 
which  the  Modocs  and  speakers  did  honor  to  Kansas,  and  especially  Mrs. 
Lease,  who  became  her  own  rival  in  eloquence.  From  first  to  last  it  was  a 
grand  success,  and  the  guests  had  a  pleasing  impression  of  Kansas  and  her 
hospitable  people. 

On  September  20,  the  sum  of  $200  was  appropriated  to  assist  the  Kansas 
Columbian  Poultry  Association  to  make  an  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair,  to 
be  paid  only  on  condition  that  they  make  a  creditable  display.  The  poultry 
men  who  contemplated  making  the  exhibit  had  made  a  creditable  display  at 
the  state  fair,  and  had  arranged  to  bring  their  birds  from  Topeka  to  the 
World's  Fair,  but  unforeseen  difficulties  prevented  them  from  making  the 
exhibit. 

From  October  24,  voluntary  bids  for  the  removal  of  the  Kansas  building 
came  in  daily.  Many  were  not  flattering  from  a  financial  standpoint,  but  as 
the  fair  was  drawing  to  a  close  it  was  necessary  to  make  some  arrangement 
for  the  disposal  of  the  building.  By  far  the  largest  bid  received  was  the  sale 
of  the  building  at  $200,  the  contracting  parties  agreeing  to  remove  it  and 
leave  the  grounds  in  good  condition.  Although  the  above  may  seem  a  very 
low  figure,  it  was  in  fact  a  good  bargain,  as  many  of  the  commissioners  of 
other  states  were  glad  to  make  a  present  of  their  buildings  for  the  removal 
of  the  same. 

The  Board  authorized  H.  H.  Kern  to  sell  and  dispose  of  all  property, 
articles  and  exhibits  that  were  not  to  be  returned  to  this  state,  and  to  make 
a  full  and  itemized  report  to  the  Board,  and  to  take  charge  and  full  control 
of  all  Kansas  exhibits,  property  and  articles  placed  in  the  charge  or  custody 
of  this  Board,  and  to  have  the  same  properly  packed  and  shipped  to  Topeka ; 
and  for  this  purpose  he  was  authorized  to  employ  persons  to  aid  and  assist 
him  in  doing  said  work,  and  to  close  the  Kansas  building  at  the  close  of  the 
fair. 

It  had  been  the  intention  of  the  Board  to  have  the  grains  and  grasses 
used  for  exhibits  sent  to  Topeka,  to  be  placed  in  the  museum  in  the  agricul- 
tural rooms,  but  as  Professor  Riley,  entomologist  of  the  United  States  depart- 
ment of  agriculture,  had  officially  announced  that  all  grains,  grasses  and 
cereals  on  exhibition  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  were  affected  or  likely  to 
be  affected  by  weevil  and  other  noxious  insects,  and  that,  if  the  exhibits 
were  distributed  over  the  country,  the  noxious  insects  would  also  be  distrib- 
uted to  the  injury  and  damage  of  our  agricultural  interests,  as  a  matter  of 
—2 


18  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

prudence  and  safety,  it  was  deemed  advisable  that  no  grains,  grasses  or  straw 
should  be  shipped  to  Kansas. 

The  matter  of  securing  that  part  of  the  mineral  exhibit  belonging  to 
private  parties,  for  reproduction  in  the  state  capitol,  was  placed  in  the  hands 
of  H.  H.  Kern,  with  authority  to  arrange  with  the  owners  to  convey  their 
interests  in  the  exhibits,  both  in  ore  and  metal,  to  the  state.  In  this,  Mr. 
Kern  was  successful,  as  the  parties  were  willing,  even  anxious,  that  their  ex- 
hibits should  be  reproduced  at  the  state  capitol. 

Volumes  on  the  horticultural  industry  of  the  state;  pamphlets  on  the  ag- 
riculture and  on  the  mineral  resources ;  also  pamphlets  by  Professor  Hay, 
on  the  geology  and  mineral  resources;  a  neat  volume,  the  "Columbian  His- 
tory of  Education  in  Kansas;"  a  pamphlet  by  the  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege; a  dainty  souvenir  by  the  State  University,  containing  cuts  of 
Professor  Dyche's  exhibit;  and  booklets  descriptive  of  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  state  were  distributed.*  To  Kansas  was  accredited  the  honor  of  dis- 
tributing the  most  practical  books  descriptive  of  her  resources  of  any  state 
at  the  exposition.  Taking  into  consideration  the  vast  number  given  out,  it 
will  be  readily  seen  that  visitors  were  eager  to  learn  more  of  Kansas. 

Five  large  registration  books  were  filled  with  names  of  visitors,  while 
thousands  of  visitors  left  the  building  without  registering,  tired  of  waiting 
for  a  chance;  after  the  exhibit  in  the  Kansas  building  had  been  fairly  inaugu- 
rated, the  attendance  was  10,000  to  12,000  daily;  and,  during  the  last  two 
months  of  the  fair,  the  attendance  reached  18,000  to  20,000  daily;  and 
during  Kansas  week  the  building  was  crowded  to  suffocation. 

*  The  Missouri  Pacific  railroad  furnished  thousands  of  copies  of  a  small  book  entitled  "  Kansas," 
descriptive  of  the  state  in  general  and  of  the  country  along  the  route  of  this  railway  in  particular. 
They  were  gotten  up  in  an  attractive  manner  and  were  eagerly  picked  up  by  the  visitors  anxious  to 
know  more  of  our  state. 

The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad  kept  on  hand  constantly  a  large  supply  of  their  pam- 
phlets, combining  a  time  table  with  a  description  of  the  state. 

The  other  railroads  making  exhibits  in  the  building  distributed  large  quantities  of  their  pamphlets 
(see  description  of  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  and  Santa  F6  railroads'  exhibits). 


Kansas  Building. 


The  Kansas  state  building  was  located  near  Fifty-seventh  street,  the  main 
entrance,  on  State  avenue.  The  plan  was  cruciform.  It  was  composite  in 
style  of  architecture,  spacious  and  commodious,  the  third  in  size  on  the 
grounds,  a  two-story  building,  all  but  the  annex,  with  quadrangular  roof 
rising  to  a  central  elliptical-shaped  dome,  over  which  towered  the  flagstaff. 
Height  of  cupola,  58  feet,  diameter,  80  x  40  feet,  flooding  the  entire  exhibit 
with  a  most  pleasingly-diffused  light.  Broad  stairways,  leading  to  the  gal- 
leries overlooking  the  exhibits,  gave  access  to  the  ladies'  and  school  depart- 
ments. 

Over  the  arched  doorway  of  the  main  entrance  were  representations  of 
grain,  and  "KANSAS  STATE  BUILDING  "in  black  and  gold  letters,  while  just 
below  it,  over  the  arch,  were  the  words  in  lettering  of  corn,  "  Welcome  to  all 
States  and  Nations."  South  and  to  the  left  of  the  main  entrance,  in  the  sec- 
ond story,  was  the  great  seal  of  the  state  in  stucco.  A  broad  balcony,  over- 
looking the  entire  exposition,  extended  from  the  ladies'  parlor  to  the  extreme 
southeast  corner  of  the  building.  It  was  well  lighted  with  high  windows;  in 
the  lower  story  in  the  Moresque  style,  in  the  upper  story  in  Grecian. 

The  main  exhibition  hall  was  134  feet  10  inches  by  48  feet,  well  adapted 
for  the  display  of  the  large  exhibit  it  contained.  Crowning  the  southwest 
corner  was  a  quadrangular-shaped  observatory,  terminating  in  an  oval  dome 
surmounted  by  a  staff,  from  which  floated  the  American  flag.  A  broad  ve- 
randa semi -surrounded  this  lookout. 

The  annex  to  the  building  was  especially  designed  for  the  natural-history 
exhibit,  in  connection  with  which  it  will  be  fully  described.  The  building 
varied  from  the  uniform  white  to  a  shade  of  corn  color,  emblematic  of  the 
staple  product  of  the  state,  and  was  covered  with  staff,  or  stucco. 

The  cost  of  this  building  was  between  $22,000  and  $23,000.  Seymour 
Davis  was  the  architect,  and  Fellows  &  Vansant  the  contractors,  all  of  To- 
peka. 

In  front  and  to  the  left,  as  you  enter  the  building,  under  the  shade  of  a 
spreading  elm  tree,  stood  the  Hutchinson  fountain,  a  perfect  representation  of 
an  ear  of  corn  half  stripped  of  its  husk,  carved  from  magnesia  limestone, 
monumental  of  the  enterprise  of  the  noble  ladies  of  Hutchinson,  who  had 
worked  faithfully  to  have  their  town  and  county  well  represented  at  the  great 
exposition. 

Flanking  the  side  entrances,  and  facing  the  great  thoroughfare  which  led 

(19) 


20  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair, 

past  the  building,  stood  two  gigantic  pyramids  of  coal,  from  the  state  mines 
at  Lansing. 

A  mammoth  piece  of  rock  salt  from  Lyons,  weighing  5,000  pounds,  lay 
in  front  of  the  building. 

Decoration  of  First  or  Main  Floor. 

Ranged  on  either  side  of  the  vestibule,  as  you  entered  the  Kansas  build- 
ing, were  sheaves  of  wheat,  corn,  and  other  products  of  1893. 

Stepping  from  the  vestibule  into  the  main  hall,  the  simple,  commodious 
arrangement  of  the  building  impressed  itself  upon  the  visitor;  on  every  side 
utility  was  joined  with  beauty,  resulting  in  a  pleasing  sense  of  the  fitness  of 
things  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  designed.  Immediately  to  the 
right,  after  entering,  was  the  waiting  room,  through  which  visitors  on  official 
business  were  ushered  into  the  private  offices  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 

From  the  center  of  the  ceiling  in  the  hall,  a  beautiful  canopy,  constructed 
•of  grains  and  bronzed  cane  seeds,  shaded  a  hanging  basket  with  trailing  vines 
and  scarlet  geranium  blossoms,  giving  a  homelike  air  to  the  building,  which 
was  fully  justified  by  the  crowds  that  thronged  about  the  various  points  of 
interest. 

To  the  right  of  the  arched  doorway  leading  into  the  main  or  ground-floor 
exhibit  was  the  stairway  leading  to  the  gentlemen's  parlor,  the  reading  room, 
and  the  educational  exhibit. 

The  stairway  on  the  left  led  directly  into  the  ladies'  parlor,  the  historical 

room,  and  the  woman's  art  rooms.     On  either  side  of  the  door  in  the  hall 

.  were  large  pictures,  one  representing  the  Kansas  stock  yards,  at  Kansas  City, 

Kas.;    and  the  other  a  representation  of  the  Armour  Packing  Company's 

works,  at  the  same  place. 

Pausing  for  a  moment  under  the  arch,  the  visitor  beheld  a  unique  liberty 
bell,  made,  not  of  metal,  but  of  soft  grasses,  golden  grain,  and  bronzed  cane 
seeds,  lined  with  the  downy  tufts  of  milkweed  in  various  colors.  The  clapper 
or  tongue  was  a  golden  ear  of  corn,  15  inches  in  length — corn,  the  keynote, 
the  dominant  chord  in  the  chromatic  scale  of  color  used  in  the  decoration  of 
the  Kansas  building.  With  what  marvelous  effect  it  was  combined  and  inter- 
woven can  be  but  faintly  portrayed  by  words.  The  concave  arch  of  the  en- 
trance was  lined  with  lattice  work  of  stripped  wheat,  that  was  also  introduced 
in  various  ways  in  other  parts  of  the  building. 

Around  the  great  archway  was  a  double  row  of  upright  ears  of  corn  edged 
with  bearded  wheat.  The  spandrels  on  either  side  of  the  door  were  composed 
of  husks,  flanked  by  scroll  work  of  wheat. 

Several  tones  of  red,  grading  down  from  a  rich  dark-velvety  red  to  a  tint 
•of  rose  color,  formed  the  background  for  the  decorations.  These  shades 
blended  exquisitely  with  the  kernels,  husks  and  cobs  of  corn,  as  well  as  with 
the  grains,  seeds,  stalks  and  grasses  utilized  in  designs.  As,  in  Egyptian  art, 
the  waves  of  the  Nile  in  the  form  of  curves  and  scrolls,  and  the  bud,  leaf 


VIII.— GRAIN  DECORATION— Kansas  Building.    C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Railway 
exhibit.    (Page  22.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  21 

and  blossom  of  the  lotus  in  highly-conventionalized  forms,  may  be  traced,  so 
in  the  Kansas  building  the  sunflower  seemed  to  be  the  motive  of  design.  The 
coloring  in  the  background  was  similar,  if  not  identical,  to  that  made  use  of 
by  the  people  who  dwelt  in  the  rich  valley  of  the  Nile.  One  of  the  many 
beautiful  designs  was  an  immense  sunflower,  from  which  rays  formed  of  small 
sheaves  of  stripped  wheat  of  different  lengths  radiated,  the  bearded  ears  form- 
ing a  tufted  center  about  the  flower.  A  little  further  on,  a  semicircle,  con- 
structed in  the  same  manner,  formed  a  beautiful  picture  of  the  rising  sun. 
Those  two  designs  appeared  at  intervals  around  the  building  on  the  lower 
and  upper  floors.  Rosettes  of  alfalfa,  corn  tassels  and  broom  corn  were  util- 
ized in  many  pleasing  designs.  The  frieze  was  composed  of  rosettes  of  circu- 
lar sections  of  corn,  encircled  by  bearded  wheat,  united  in  a  running  design 
by  delicate  sprays  of  white  flowers,  the  petals  of  which  were  cut  from  corn 
husks.  The  lower  edge  of  the  border  was  composed  of  links  formed  of  oats, 
and  the  upper  of  loops  or  festoons.  Small,  upright  sheaves  made  a  substan- 
tial wainscoting.  Stars,  anchors,  chains  and  compasses  were  frequently  in- 
troduced. 

The  scroll  work  was  perhaps  the  most  elaborate  feature  in  the  decoration. 
Spiral  curves  of  wheat,  seeds  and  corn  furnished  some  of  the  finest  specimens 
of  Moorish  art. 

Another  masterpiece  of  what  can  be  achieved  with  ears  of  corn  as  the  only 
material  employed  was  an  oblong  panel  in  mosaic  of  different  colors  of  corn 
used  in  horizontal  sections.  No  tiling  could  be  more  effective.  Above  it 
were  rosettes  of  mill-stained  wheat  and  festoons  of  bearded  wheat  caught  up 
with  circular  sections  of  corn  used  as  rosettes,  while  bunches  of  wheat  were 
used  as  tassels.  A  shield,  composed  of  grains  and  grasses,  was  introduced  as 
a  new  feature,  on  the  east  wall.  A  ship,  with  sails  composed  of  oats,  and  the 
hull  of  cane  seeds,  redtop,  and  other  wild  grasses,  made  a  pretty  marine  scene. 
The  massive  frame  of  sections  of  corn  in  zigzag  style  represented  a  frame  of 
light  wood. 

A  reminder  of  the  olden  times,  before  which  many  an  old  pioneer  paused, 
was  a  prairie  schooner,  on  the  north  wall,  to  the  right  of  the  natural-history 
exhibit.  This  historic  piece  bore  the  inscriptions,  "Bound  for  Kansas,"" 
"Lighthouse  of  the  World."  The  canvas  top  was  made  of  grains,  and  the 
wheels  of  cane  seeds  and  reddish  native  grasses.  The  horses  were  also  formed 
of  seeds  and  grain,  as  delicately  shaded  as  if  done  by  an  artist's  brush.  A 
frame  of  ears  of  corn  and  scroll  work  of  kernels  of  corn  and  grainv furnished 
a  setting  for  the  piece. 

Over  the  rustic  posts  made  to  represent  pine  trees,  that  will  be  spoken  of 
in  connection  with  the  natural-history  exhibit,  were  the  mounted  heads  of 
deer,  moose,  and  buffalo. 

Nothing  could  surpass  the  exhibit  of  Wyandotte  county.  The  lettering 
on  a  background  of  blue  in  white  kernels  of  wheat,  introduced  between  elab- 
orate sections  of  scroll  work,  was  the  finest  piece  of  the  kind  to  be  seen  at  the 
fair;  for  example:  "Compliments  of  Wyandotte  County,"  "The  Gateway  of 


22  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

the  West,"  "Number  of  Cars  of  Grain  Inspected  in  1892,  75,411,"  "Kansas 
City,  Kas.,  Second  Largest  Packing  Industry  in  the  World,"  made  an  ele- 
gant bulletin  board  in  a  maze  of  elaborate  designing. 

In  a  circle,  to  the  right  of  this  scroll  work  and  lettering,  was  the  head  of 
a  hog  in  circular  frame  of  corn;  to  the  left,  the  head  of  a  sheep;  in  the  cen- 
ter, the  head  of  a  steer.  The  material  used  in  these  designs  was  generally 
American  millet,  the  tufts  of  which  are  peculiarly  adapted  for  making  artistic 
designs;  redtop  and  cane  seed  put  in  the  finishing  touches. 

"  KANSAS "  was  in  relief  lettering ;  between  each  letter  was  a  semicircle 
of  bearded  wheat;  on  either  side  of  the  word  double  links  of  oats  were  pend- 
ing. Fringes  of  grasses  and  serpentine  curves  were  also  introduced  into  this 
fine  piece  of  work. 

A  graceful  swan  gave  an  air  of  repose  to  the  scene,  and  the  "Santa  Marie," 
with  its  hull  formed  of  cane  seeds,  its  anchor  of  redtop  and  its  compass  the 
sunflower,  formed  pleasing  pictures.  Throughout,  the  harmony  of  coloring 
was  preserved,  no  incongruous  shades  being  introduced,  thus  preserving  the 
unit  of  design  as  well  as  the  tone  of  the  composition. 

On  the  left  of  the  south  wall  a  yacht,  anchor,  links  and  miniature  sheaves 
of  wheat,  with  scroll  and  serpentine  waves,  with  sunflower  and  its  rays  of 
wheat,  constituted  the  decorations  on  the  west  side.  At  regular  intervals  on 
every  side,  a  large,  concentric,  five-pointed  star,  of  grains  and  kernels  of  corn, 
was  introduced.  On  the  left  side  of  the  south  entrance,  "Brer  Rabbit"  sat 
upon  his  haunches  under  sheaves  of  grain. 

We  find  ourselves  again  at  the  arched  doorway,  and  now  ascend  the  stair- 
way to  the  right  a  few  steps,  bringing  us  into  the  open  court  on  the  second 
floor,  in  front  of  the 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  Exhibit. 

The  decorations  were  symbolic  of  the  magnitude  and  facilities  of  the  road : 
an  immense  globe,  with  the  great  railway  delineated  in  kernels  of  corn,  placed 
on  an  azure  square  representing  the  blue  ether  of  space.  Between  the  circles 
is  the  lettering,  of  circular  sections  of  corn,  the  word  "Great"  in  the  north 
temperate  zone,  "Rock  Island"  in  the  tropic,  and  "Route"  in  the  south  tem- 
perate zone.  A  circle  of  ponpons  of  milkweed,  and  another  of  circular  sec- 
tions of  corn  with  tufts  of  wheat,  form  the  circumference  of  the  globe.  In  the 
upper  right-hand  corner  on  the  blue  field  is  the  word  "Chicago;"  on  the  up- 
per left-hand,  "Omaha;"  on  the  lower  right,  "Kansas  City;"  on  the  lower 
left,  "  Denver."  On  either  side,  black  panels,  with  white  corn  lettering  and 
scroll  work.  To  the  right  is  "Vestibule,  Gas-lighted,  Solid  Trains."  To  the 
left,  "Chair  Cars,  Pullman  Sleepers,  and  Dining  Cars." 

In  the  northeast  corner,  over  the  doorway  coming  out  of  the  educational 
department,  the  decorations  were  especially  pleasing.  An  undulating  or  wav- 
ing design,  on  either  side  of  a  zigzag  border  around  the  door,  was  finished  by 
fans  of  wheat  spreading  out  from  the  ears,  which  were  held  in  place  by  cir- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  23 

cular  sections  of  corn.  Above  this  was  a  fine  border  of  fans  made  of  ears  of 
corn  and  sections  of  corn;  and  still  above  this  the  transverse  serpentine 
scroll  work  of  ears  of  corn,  with  large  rosettes  of  corn  formed  of  whole  ears 
of  corn  graduating  towards  the  left,  finished  the  decoration  of  the  corner. 

On  the  right  of  the  educational  exhibit,  looking  upon  Professor  Dyche's 
mammals,  an  ox  with  branching  horns,  in  a  semicircle  of  wheat  and  slanting 
sheaves  below,  made  an  appropriate  introduction.  The  heavy  rosette  border 
of  corn,  with  double  pending  links  of  circular  sections  of  corn,  formed  the 
frieze  over  the  exhibit.  In  the  center  the  word  "  Kansas,"  with  fans  of  wheat 
between  the  lettering,  was  placed  j  ust  below  the  frieze.  Portieres  of  stripped 
oats  were  draped  and  looped  up  between  the  posts,  while  the  posts  themselves 
were  trimmed  with  small  sheaves  of  grain  artistically  bound  with  red  bands. 

In  the  northwest  corner  was  the  fine  display  of  Blue  Rapids,  the  lettering 
being  of  small  pieces  of  gypsum  on  a  peacock-blue  panel  of  plush,  and  the 
inscriptions:  "Best  Water  Power  in  400  Miles;"  "Gypsum  that  Makes  the 
Best  Plaster  Paris."  Below  this  was  a  model  showing  the  Blue  River  dam, 
mills,  bridge,  etc.,  which  was  made  for  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  that 
town,  by  Miss  Putnam,  of  Salina.  On  a  pedestal  to  the  left  of  this  model 
was  a  fine  bust  of  Columbus,  donated  by  the  Blue  Rapids  Plaster  Company, 
H.  O.  Fowler,  secretary.  The  pedestal  consisted  of  three  horizontal  blocks, 
the  first  of  limestone,  the  second,  magnesia,  and  the  third,  gypsum.  Old 
gold  drapery  was  used  to  set  off  the  exhibit.  A  fine  panel  painted  on  pea- 
cock-blue plush,  with  golden  rod  and  a  spray  of  apple  blossoms,  on  which 
were  perched  birds  of  paradise,  completed  the  exhibit  of  this  city. 

The  great  Rock  Island  had  a  map,  on  an  oblong  block  of  dark  blue,  on 
the  west  side  of  the  building,  outlining  their  route  in  letters  composed  of  circu- 
lar sections  of  corn,  the  same  style  as  the  lettering  on  the  great  globe  directly 
opposite.  On  the  lower  right-hand  corner  was  the  name  of  John  Sebastian, 
general  passenger  agent,  and  on  the  left  E.  St.  John,  general  manager,  while 
underneath  it,  on  a  strip  of  red,  was  the  name  of  W.  I.  Allen,  assistant  general 
manager. 

On  the  southwest  corner  was  a  painting  in  distemper  showing  the  Parkin- 
son sugar  works,  Fort  Scott,  and  an  oil  painting  of  the  United  States  cavalry 
and  artillery  post,  Fort  Riley ;  also  some  fine  instantaneous  photographs  show- 
ing men  at  work  in  the  Baudera  flagstone  quarries,  Redfield,  Kas.;  and 
photographs  of  scenery  on  the  line  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  railroad. 

On  the  upper  floor  the  frieze  was  more  massive,  representing  golid  relief 
designs,  the  effect  being  that  of  the  bas-relief  figures  seen  on  specimens  of 
Egyptian  and  Assyrian  friezes.  The  ears  of  corn  were  placed  obliquely  and 
finished  with  fans  of  wheat. 

On  the  south  wall,  triangles  and  links  pending  from  them,  resembling  the 
square  and  compass  of  the  Masonic  order,  were  used  with  the  fan-like  border. 
Fans  in  every  conceivable  form  were  interspersed  with  trellis  work,  and  the 
small  bunches  of  wheat  and  oats  used  were  bound  with  blue  bands.  Large 
designs  of  millet  and  bearded  wheat  were  used  also. 


24  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

Around  the  open  elliptical  court  a  perfect  train  of  miniature  electric  cars 
was  running,  that  whistled  as  it  stopped  at  different  stations  along  the  route 
of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F4  railroad.  Globes  filled  with  grain  rep- 
resented the  products  of  the  region.  This  novel  exhibit  attracted  crowds  of 
spectators,  and  added  greatly  to  the  attractions  of  the  building. 

Beautiful  panels  with  designs  formed  of  grains  were  ranged  around  the 
court.  The  14  pillars  or  columns  supporting  the  dome  were  decorated  with 
lattice  work,  formed  of  small  bunches  of  wheat,  small  upright  sheaves  hiding 
the  edges.  Fringed  draperies  of  wheat  were  looped  up  between  the  columns 
at  the  base  of  the  dome.  Just  above  the  columns  were  some  fine  paintings, 
representing  fields  of  waving  grain,  orchards  and  meadows,  winding  rivers 
and  wooded  ravines,  with  here  and  there  a  comfortable  farmhouse,  with  its 
barns  and  picturesque  surroundings.  Above,  the  dome  was  composed  of 
glass,  for  the  purpose  of  lighting  the  building.  The  Kansas  coat  of  arms, 
surrounded  by  wild  roses  and  sunflowers,  made  a  beautiful  center.  At  the 
base  of  the  dome,  on  oblong  tablets  at  the  eastern  and  western  extremi- 
ties, were  the  statistics  of  wheat  and  corn:  "Winter  wheat,  70,035,380  bush- 
els; spring  wheat,  4,502,926;  total,  79,338,906  bushels.  Corn,  138,658,021 
bushels.  Crop  of  1892." 

Exhibits  on  Lower  Floor. 

Directly  on  entering  the  main  exhibit,  the  visitor's  attention  was  arrested 
by  a  Chinese  pagoda,  20  feet  in  height  and  12  feet  in  diameter,  elaborately 
decorated  on  the  arching  canopy  with  scroll  work  in  various  designs,  the 
black  background  throwing  it  out  in  bold  relief. 

The  four  bases,  upon  which  the  16  massive  cylindrical  glass  columns  filled 
with  wheat  and  oats  that  supported  the  roof  rested,  were  solid  blocks  of  grain 
inclosed  in  native  black  walnut,  with  circular  windows  through  which  the 
cereals  with  which  they  were  filled  could  be  seen.  Large  glass  jars  filled 
with  wheat  and  oats,  that  forcibly  impressed  upon  visitors  the  wonderful  fer- 
tility of  the  soil  of  our  state,  stood  on  the  recesses  of  the  bases.  In  the  cen- 
ter rested  a  bunch  of  giant  cornstalks,  16  feet  in  height,  grown  in  1893,  by 
James  A.  Coulter,  of  Cowley  county,  that  just  touched  the  floral  bell  that 
hung  from  the  center  of  the  ceiling  of  the  pagoda,  lending  a  touch  of  beauty 
and  color  to  the  novel  creation. 

Lattice  work  of  stripped  bearded  wheat  lined  the  interior  of  the  canopy, 
and  blended  well  with  the  red.  The  exterior  edges  were  fringed  with  slender 
sheaves  of  wheat;  between  the  columns,  at  the  base,  were  glass  globes  also 
filled  with  grain,  and,  as  a  finishing  touch,  the  whole  was  crowned  with  huge 
sheaves  of  wheat. 

To  the  right  of  the  pagoda  was  a  collossal  pyramid  of  receding  shelves,  on 
which  were  ranged  glass  globes  filled  with  grains  and  seeds,  a  duplicate  of 
which  was  placed  in  the  agricultural  pavilion,  in  connection  with  which  they 
will  be  mentioned  in  detail;  also,  glass  globes  filled  with  Kansas  soil  from 
the  different  counties  of  the  state.  The  apex  was  a  shock  of  golden  sheaves 


IX.— WALL  DECORATION— Kansas  Building.    Map  of  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Railway 
system.    (Page  23.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  25 

of  wheat,  resting  upon  ledges  of  upright  ears  of  yellow  corn ;  the  base  was 
surrounded  by  upright  sheaves  of  grains  and  grasses.  The  dimensions  of  the 
pyramid  were  20  feet  from  apex  to  base,  and  15  feet  in  diameter.  To  the 
left  was  a  huge  gray  pyramid  built  up  entirely  of  vertical  sheaves  of  wheat, 
oats,  millet,  flax,  alfalfa,  milo-maize,  and  Kaffir  corn.  Not  less  than  a  dozen 
different  products  composed  the  great  pile,  a  monument  to  the  wealth  and  re- 
sources of  the  state  of  Kansas.  The  total  height  was  20  feet,  with  a  diame- 
ter of  12  feet. 

In  the  northeast  part  of  the  first  floor  was  a  pyramid  representing  a  flower 
garden,  the  walks  made  of  small  shells  and  seeds;  the  design  was  novel  and 
pleasing.  Heaped  up  in  the  northeast  corner  was  a  mammoth  pile  of  rock 
salt  from  the  great  salt  beds  of  Lyons,  representing  an  area  of  40  by  60  miles, 
with  an  average  depth  of  350  feet.  Near  by  on  tables  were  glass  jars  of  salt 
from  Hutchinson,  Lyons,  and  other  points,  99rVs  per  cent.  pure. 

In  the  northwest  corner  was  another  pyramid  of  sheaves  standing  upright, 
belonging  to  the  Wyandotte  county  exhibit.  In  this  pyramid  50  different 
varieties  of  native  grains  and  grasses,  cultivated  and  wild,  were  utilized 
Near  was  a  great  bell  of  oats  and  another  pyramid  of  receding  shelves,  simi- 
lar to  the  one  already  mentioned,  belonging  also  to  this  exhibit.  Tables  in 
front  of  the  exhibit  displayed  glass  jars  of  canned  fruits.  The  fountain  was 
a  happy  illustration  of  how  use  and  beauty  may  be  combined.  In  the  center, 
a  tall  stalk  of  blossoming  sunflowers  was  visible  from  every  part  of  the  build- 
ing. At  every  drinking  basin  (of  which  there  were  eight)  that  circled  around 
it,  little  prairie  dogs  sat  on  their  haunches  ready  to  act  as  a  reception  com- 
mittee, assisted  by  long-eared  jack  rabbits,  inviting  visitors  to  "Come  and 
drink  with  the  boys  and  girls  of  Kansas."  At  each  basin  were  two  silver 
cups,  presented  by  different  cities  of  Kansas.  The  idea  was  originated  by 
Mrs.  Kate  Smeed  Cross  and  the  ladies  of  Emporia ;  they  were  assisted  finan- 
cially by  the  school  children  of  the  state. 

The  horticultural  exhibit  spread  out  over  eighteen  tables  6by2J  feet.  On 
each  were  ranged  32  plates  of  the  finest  specimens  of  apples  grown  in  any 
state  in  the  union.  They  proved  too  tempting,  for  many  a  visitor  lingered  sus- 
piciously long  about  the  tables,  which  extended  from  the  drinking  fountain  to 
the  silk  exhibit,  near  the  arched  entrance.  As  this  exhibit  was  duplicated 
in  the  horticultural  building,  it  will  be  mentioned  more  fully  in  connection 
with  that  exhibit. 

The  silk  exhibit,  from  the  silk  station,  at  Peabody,  will  also  receive  full 
descriptive  mention  elsewhere. 

H.  H.  Kern,  of  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers,  from  Bonner 
Springs,  whose  reputation  as  a  designer  and  grain  decorator  was  established 
long  before  the  World's  Fair  was  thought  of,  has  fully  justified  Governor 
Lewelling  in  appointing  him  to  this  position,  and  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
in  placing  him  in  charge  of  mural  decorations  and  the  agricultural  exhibit, 
thus  saving  many  hundreds  of  dollars  to  the  state,  as  well  as  putting  Kansas 
foremost  in  the  agricultural  exhibit,  and  also  in  point  of  decoration. 


26  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 


Silk   Exhibit. 

This  magnificent  exhibit  was  installed  in  two  large  cases  2  by  6  feet  each, 
and  one  upright  case.  The  case  on  the  right  held  large,  rich,  yellow  cocoons 
and  skeins  of  twisted  silk,  which  filled  the  case  entirely ;  the  one  on  the  left 
was  filled  with  skeins  of  silk,  silk  just  from  the  reel,  put  up  in  an  attractive 
manner,  cocoons,  worms,  etc.;  while  the  upright  case  between  the  two  con- 
tained delicate  ropes  of  silk,  strings  of  cocoons  artistically  festooned,  yellow 
and  white  silk  just  from  the  reel,  silken  flowers,  and  spools  of  Kansas  silk 
thread  manufactured  by  Belding  Bros. 

Experts  pronounced  it  to  be  by  far  the  best  and  most  complete  silk  exhibit 
displayed  at  the  exposition.  Silk  men  of  New  York  city  inquired  whether 
there  was  any  in  the  market,  remarking  that  the  quality  was  equal  to  if  not 
superior  to  any  of  their  importations. 

The  Chinese  and  Japanese  royal  commissioners  examined  the  exhibit  and 
desired  samples  of  same,  which  were  presented  them,  the  favor  being  highly 
appreciated. 

The  attention  of  the  world  has  been  directed  to  the  Kansas  silk  industry, 
which  will  now  increase  a  hundred  fold ;  an  industry  which  offers  many  in- 
ducements, and  to  women  in  particular,  who  may  take  up  this  occupation  in 
addition  to  their  household  duties,  thereby  increasing  their  exchequer  materi- 
ally. There  is  no  reason  why  silk  and  its  manufacture  should  not  in  the  near 
future  be  one  of  the  leading  industries  of  the  state. 

State  Normal  School   Exhibit. 

Although  the  State  Normal  School  had  no  special  fund  from  which  to  de- 
fray the  expenses  of  an  exhibit,  $500  was  used  from  the  incidental  fund  for 
that  purpose.  From  the  first,  it  was  agreed  that  no  show  work  of  any  kind 
should  be  attempted,  but  that  the  regular  work  of  the  classes  should  be  sub- 
mitted, with  such  little  additional  touches  as  would  make  it  presentable  to 
the  public.  Though  in  some  lines  the  temptation  to  devote  much  time  to  the 
preparation  of  material  was  great,  the  exhibit,  as  a  whole,  but  fairly  repre- 
sented the  regular  class  work  of  the  institution. 

The  department  of  English  submitted  several  bound  volumes  of  manu- 
script work  in  grammar,  rhetoric,  rhetorical  criticism,  and  English  literature. 

The  department  of  drawing  submitted  a  variety  of  lines  of  original  designs 
in  water  color,  pencil  drawing,  charcoal,  and  painting,  together  with  a  full 
line  of  clay  models  and  casts  in  plaster  Paris. 

The  department  of  physics,  chemistry  and  physiology  submitted  a  collec- 
tion of  apparatus  made  by  students,  illustrating  the  simple  as  well  as  the 
more  complex  devices  used  in  the  department.  It  also  submitted  dissections 
of  the  lungs,  brain,  eyes,  ears,  blood  vessels,  etc. 

The  department  of  natural  history  submitted  several  mounted  skeletons, 
stuffed  birds,  drawings  in  structural  botany,  etc.,  etc. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  27 

The  department  of  penmanship  and  bookkeeping,  full  sets  of  plate  books, 
specimens  of  work,  completed  sets  in  bookkeeping,  commercial  forms,  etc. 

The  department  of  mathematics,  geometrical  forms  for  class  use,  blue 
prints  of  the  Normal  grounds,  elevations  of  campus,  etc. 

The  classes  in  geography  submitted  a  variety  of  relief  and  outline  maps ; 
the  classes  in  history,  manuscript  work,  and  a  variety  of  homemade  articles 
illustrating  certain  periods  of  United  States  history. 

The  model  school  was  represented  almost  entirely  by  the  work  from  the 
kindergarten  and  primary  classes.  A  very  comprehensive  line  of  geometric 
forms,  fancy  boxes,  paper  novelties,  mounted  grasses,  etc.,  filled  one  entire 
section  of  the  case. 

Outlines  and  plans  of  work  from  the  training  department  were  submitted 
in  bound  volumes.  A  full  line  of  photographs  and  brornids,  giving  views  of 
the  interior  and  of  classes,  together  with  several  minor  devices,  added  to  the 
general  make-up  and  interest  of  the  exhibit.  There  were  several  books  on 
the  tables,  the  authors  of  which  are  members  of  the  faculty  or  graduates  of 
the  institution.  The  fine,  large  cases  in  which  most  of  the  exhibit  was  placed 
added  much  to  the  excellence  of  the  display. 

The  school  filled  one  case  on  the  first  floor  of  the  Kansas  building,  and  oc- 
cupied a  space  10  by  20  feet  in  the  section  of  the  liberal  arts  building  assigned 
for  the  Kansas  educational  exhibit. 

State  Agricultural  College  Exhibits. 

In  the  Kansas  building,  to  the  right  of  the  main  entrance,  two  cases,  each 
10  feet  square  on  the  floor,  contained  a  general  exhibit  of  the  work  in  all  de- 
partments where  students'  work  is  available,  or  where  the  results  4f  experi- 
ments have  general  interest.  Specimens  of  iron-  and  woodwork,  of  cooking 
and  sewing,  of  printing  and  drawing,  were  arranged  in  various  ways,  and  col- 
lections of  insects  and  plants  showed  some  of  the  methods  of  study.  Many 
frames  showed  varieties  of  grains  tested  in  the  experiment  station,  displayed 
very  satisfactorily  between  glass  plates  and  in  tubes.  Bottles  of  beans,  peas 
and  corn  served  a  similar  purpose,  and  a  case  of  Japanese  soy  beans  gives 
"stalks  and  all"  for  this  new  forage  crop.  One  chart  showed  distinctly  the  at- 
tendance at  college  from  all  the  counties  of  Kansas,  and  another  gave  the 
location  of  the  80  or  100  farmers'  institutes  held  by  the  college  during  the 
past  10  years.  Numerous  photographs,  more  than  200,  showed  every  phase  of 
the  college  work  and  life,  as  well  as  the  beautiful  grounds  and  commodious 
buildings.  A  clear  presentation  of  the  course  of  study,  as  represented  in 
each  department,  gave  to  the  expert  an  idea  of  its  characteristic  development. 

In  the  general  educational  exhibit  for  Kansas,  occupying  space  in  the 
gallery  of  the  liberal  arts  building,  this  college  had  a  display  of  educational 
character  solely,  more  exactly  descriptive  of  system  and  method  than  that  in 
the  .Kansas  building.  An  exact  presentation  of  the  relative  importance  of 
each  department  of  instruction  in  the  general  scheme  was  given  by  wall  charts 
with  photographs  attached.  Samples  of  the  work  in  the  industrial  training 


28  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

of  all  sorts,  and  of  the  problems  solved  there,  as  well  as  collections  in  natural 
history,  gave  tests  of  accomplishment,  while  volumes  of  drawings  showed  the 
exact  results  of  training  at  each  stage  of  progress.  Four  albums  filled  with 
photographs  gave  to  one  who  studied  them  a  full  presentation  of  the  place,  its 
buildings,  apparatus,  faculty,  and  students,  as  well  as  its  surroundings  in  city 
and  country.  Complete  sets  of  the  catalogues,  the  biennial  reports,  and  the 
Industrialist,  neatly  bound,  were  there  for  consultation.  The  Columbian  his- 
tory of  the  college,  prepared  by  Professor  Walters,  and  the  annual  catalogue 
for  1892-'93,  were  ready  for  distribution  to  all  specially  interested  visitors. 

In  the  agricultural  building,  this  college  had  no  small  share  in  the  general 
exhibit  of  Kansas,  though  no  effort  had  been  made  to  distinguish  the  speci- 
mens of  grain  and  forage  plants  furnished  by  the  college.  A  large  variety 
of  onions  from  the  experiments  of  this  year  attracted  attention  during  the 
months  of  September  and  October.  There  was  in  the  same  building  an  ad- 
mirable exhibit  of  the  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment  stations  of  the 
United  States,  prepared  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  association.  In 
that  exhibit  our  Kansas  college  had  a  prominent  part.  The  horticultural 
department  of  the  station  was  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Popenoe,  and 
showed  especially  the  station  work  in  varieties  of  grapes  and  of  pears,  and  the 
grape  exhibit  was  as  good  in  its  line  as  anything  shown.  The  woman's  work 
in  these  colleges  was  collected  and  arranged  under  Mrs.  Kedzie's  direction, 
and  gave  a  natural  prominence  to  the  departments  of  cooking  and  sewing  as 
leaders  in  these  lines  of  training.  Other  departments,  chemical,  agricultural, 
veterinary  and  botanical  especially,  contributed  to  this  interesting  exhibit, 
and  general  views  of  buildings,  faculty  and  students  were  displayed.  The 
horticultural  building  received  a  beautiful  show  of  varieties  of  grapes  grown 
this  season  at  the  experiment  station. 

Magic-lantern  views  of  this  college's  work  have  been  chosen  for  illustrat- 
ing lectures  upon  agricultural  education  by  the  United  States  department  of 
agriculture,  and  sets  of  its  publications  were  filed  for  publication  in  the  ex- 
hibit. The  United  States  commissioner  of  education  gave  in  his  exhibit  in 
the  government  building  a  fair  place  to  this  college  for  its  publications  and 
photographic  views.  The  same  building  contained  work  of  graduates  of  this 
college  in  the  division  pf  entomology  and  vegetable  pathology,  both  of  which 
attracted  attention  by  their  excellent  arrangement. 

It  is  proper  to  note  that  this  college  presented  at  the  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion its  work,  and  not  its  collections  or  apparatus.  Nothing  was  taken  from 
the  working  facilities  of  the  college  for  the  display.  Every  class  room,  labora- 
tory, cabinet,  museum  and  shop  was  in  perfect  order  at  the  college,  and  was  but 
slightly  enriched  when  the  matter  shown  at  Chicago  was  returned.  Many  in- 
stitutions presented  an  extensive  array  of  their  apparatus  and  collections,  de- 
priving themselves  of  their  use  for  a  year,  but  from  the  Kansas  Agricultural 
College  a  single  case  borrowed  from  the  mineralogical  museum  represented 
the  only  article  of  this  kind. 

The  cost  of  these  exhibits,  including  all  expenses  for  transportation,  in- 


XL— INTERIOR  OF  SOUTH  WING,  first  floor— Kansas  Building.    (Page  22.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  29 

stallation,  etc.,  was  not  far  from  $3,000.  The  value  of  the  exhibits  after  re- 
turn was  less  than  one-third  this  amount.  The  actual  cost  of  the  college 
work  in  the  exposition  is  fairly  represented  by  $2,000  in  cash ;  but  the  time 
and  energy  given  by  the  college  authorities  cannot  be  measured. 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Institute  Exhibit. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  was  that  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  in- 
stitute. 

Three  departments  of  the  work  were  represented:  The  industrial,  the 
artistic  and  the  regular  class-room  work.  A  handsome  sideboard  will  be  re- 
ferred to  in  the  woman's  department,  and  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  main 
floor  a  unique  show  case,  the  work  of  the  pupils,  contained  a  set  of  handsome 
buggy  harness,  two  pairs  of  shoes,  lady's  linen  waist,  two  pairs  of  hose,  several 
pieces  of  fine  fancy  work,  and  samples  of  job  printing. 

The  work  compared  very  favorably  with  that  of  any  other  exhibit  in  the 
building.  A  large  oak  stand,  with  inclined  surface,  on  which  were  displayed 
photographs  of  boys  baking  rolls,  loaves,  pies,  and  cakes;  paintings  from  ob. 
jects,  oranges  on  a  plate,  yellow  roses,  also  a  fine  piece  of  crayon,  and  a  small 
landscape  in  oil ;  pamphlets  of  examination  papers,  and  a  neatly  bound  vol- 
ume of  the  Kansas  Star,  edited  by  the  pupils.  At  the  top  was  an  album, 
swinging  on  a  pivot,  which  contained  pictures  of  the  school  buildings  and  of 
different  interior  views,  showing  pupils  at  work.  Among  other  things  was  a 
statistical  chart,  giving,  in  addition  to  a  description  of  the  school,  value  of 
the  buildings,  $200,000 ;  average  per  capita  running  expenses  past  10  years, 
per  annum,  $186.89;  enrollment  of  students  since  established,  716;  enroll- 
ment of  students  in  attendance,  1892  and  1893,  262. 

The  board  of  trustees  are:  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Lease,  president;  W.  T.  Yoe, 
secretary;  W.  S.  Waite,  treasurer;  H.  B.  Kelly;  M.  A.  Householder. 

The  exhibits  were  duplicated  in  the  liberal  arts  building.  The  art  work 
proper  compared  most  favorably  with  that  exhibited  in  the  woman's  room. 
A  very  pretty  water  color,  of  roses,  by  Clara  L.  Eddy,  was  much  admired; 
as  was  also  a  child's  head,  particularly  well  done,  by  the  same  artist.  Among 
this  creditable  collection  were  several  pieces  from  still  life,  very  well  done, 
landscapes  and  life  studies.  Great  credit  is  due  to  Professor  Walker,  the 
past  president  of  the  institution,  for  this  practical  and  artistic  display. 

State  University  Exhibit  of  North  American  Mammals. 

Some  of  the  objects  of  making  the  exhibit  might  be  very  briefly  stated,  as 
follows:  (1)  To  awaken  a  more  general  interest  and  teach  valuable  lessons 
on  the  natural  history  of  North  American  mammals.  (2)  To  show  how  taxi- 
dermic  and  museum  work  is  done  at  the  University.  (3)  To  show  something 
( in  one  line  only)  of  the  many  valuable  natural-history  collections  owned  by 
the  University.  (4)  To  show  a  collection  from  Kansas  which  many  people 
from  different  parts  of  the  country  have  seen  fit  to  call  one  of  the  very  best 


30  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

in  the  world.  (5)  To  add  a  feature  of  special  scientific  interest  to  our  Kan- 
sas state  building. 

That  some  of  these  objects  have  been  accomplished,  at  least  in  part,  is 
evidenced  from  the  fact  that  over  20  columns  of  matter,  with  illustrations, 
were  published  in  standard  scientific  magazines  on  the  exhibit  after  it  reached 
Jackson  park. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  not  less  than  50  columns  have  appeared  during 
the  same  period  of  time  in  the  newspapers  of  the  country.  Pages  of  most 
favorable  comment  might  be  quoted,  but  we  will  make  two  or  three  short 
quotations  suffice  to  show  how  people  away  from  home  received  the  exhibit. 

Unloaded  in  front  of  the  Kansas  building  on  the  Columbian  Exposition  grounds 
is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  exhibits  that  will  be  seen  at  the  great  fair.  This  is 
the  natural  history  display  made  by  the  Kansas  University.  It  will  be  no  unusual 
occurrence  during  the  next  six  months  to  have  some  writer  for  the  newspapers  say 
that  the  greatest  exhibit  to  be  seen  has  just  been  shipped  from  some  point,  but  the 
above  expression,  that  the  Kansas  University  exhibit  is  "one  of  the  most  remark- 
able," is  used  advisedly. — From  a  three-column  article  in  the  Inter -Ocean,  December, 
1892. 

In  the  north  wing  of  the  Kansas  building  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  exhibits 
to  be  seen  at  the  great  fair.  I  refer  to  the  natural  history  display  made  by  the  Kan- 
sas University. — From  whole-page  illustrated  article  in  the  Scientific  American,  July 
15,  1893. 

The  exhibit  of  mounted  animals  in  the  Kansas  state  building  is  considered  by 
thousands  of  people  to  be  the  most  interesting  show  on  the  grounds.  It  has  from 
the  very  first  day  of  the  fair  attracted  large  crowds  of  enthusiastic  admirers. —  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  Illustrated,  two-page  illustrated  article,  September,  1893. 

The  exhibit  was  installed  in  an  annex  especially  designed  and  arranged 
for  it,  which  formed  the  north  wing  of  the  Kansas  building.  The  general 
shape  of  the  annex  was  that  of  a  semicircle,  with  la  depth  from  north  to 
south  of  60  feet,  and  a  width,  or  frontage,  from  east  to  west  of  88  feet,  which 
joined  the  annex  to  the  main  building.  The  outside  walls  of  the  annex  were 
20  feet  high,  and  a  roof  with  rather  a  steep  pitch  added  several  feet  more  to 
the  height  of  the  interior.  Light  was  admitted  from  skylights  in  the  roof, 
and  was  so  managed  by  curtains  that  the  effect  was  very  similar  to  that  in  a 
well-lighted  art  gallery. 

The  exhibit  comprised  121  specimens  of  large  North  American  mammals, 
ranging  in  size  from  prairie  dogs,  jack  rabbits,  and  foxes,  to  elks,  moose,  and 
buffaloes.  The  animals  of  the  exhibit  were  arranged  in  groups,  and  usually 
in  families,  represented  by  old  and  young  specimens,  showing  as  many  char- 
acteristics of  the  species  as  possible.  The  groups  of  animals  were  arranged 
upon  an  artificial  groundwork.  The  outside  or  surface  of  this  so-called 
groundwork  was  modeled  out  of  papier-mache,  a  composition  made  in  this 
case  out  of  Kansas  wheat-straw  pulp  and  plaster  of  Paris,  plus  a  little  glue. 
Many  people  thought  that  the  artificial  groundwork  was  "staff,"  a  composi- 
tion so  commonly  used  in  the  construction  of  things  at  the  fair,  which  is 
nothing  more  than  a  mixture  of  some  fiber,  as  hemp,  and  plaster  of  Paris. 
Such  was  not  the  case.  The  papier-mache  composition  mentioned  above  was 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  31 

used,  and  out  of  it  Professor  Dyche  and  his  assistants,  E.  D.  Eames,  "W.  W. 
Wyland,  and  J.  C.  Saunders,  modeled  the  landscape  on  which  the  various  ani- 
mals stood. 

Out  of  their  love  for  the  business  and  their  desire  to  see  the  exhibit  pro- 
nounced a  success  at  the  World's  Fair,  these  gentlemen  worked  with  an  en- 
ergy and  enthusiasm  which  deserve  special  mention. 

For  the  construction  of  the  groundwork  above  mentioned,  a  skeleton  or 
core  was  made  from  rough  lumber.  On  this  rough  framework  rocky  crags 
were  modeled,  over  20  feet  high  in  some  places,  for  such  animals  as  mountain 
goats  and  sheep ;  swampy  ground  with  water  holes  and  moss-covered  ground 
for  moose,  and  grassy  plains  for  wolves,  antelopes,  and  buffaloes.  The  large 
trees,  old  logs  and  stumps  were  all  modeled  of  the  same  material.  It  seemed 
almost  impossible,  however,  to  convince  visitors  that  these  were  artificial  and 
not  real  things.  On  many  occasions  parties  of  ladies  and]gentlemen  were  ad- 
mitted to  examine  the  structures  for  themselves. 

The  groundwork  as  finished  represented  a  great  variety  of  contour ;  it  was 
made  up  of  a  great  many  little  landscape  scenes,  such  as  woodlands,  swamps, 
grassy  plains  and  plateaus,  rocky  hillsides  and  mountain  crags,  each  with  its 
characteristic  plants,  and  all  blended  into  one  complete  whole.  The  entire 
picture  was  made  to  represent  a  scene  in  the  early  fall ;  the  leaves  of  the 
trees  had  taken  on  rich  hues,  and  many  had  fallen  to  the  ground ;  much  of 
the  grass  had  ripened,  but  there  were  some  green  spears,  and  now  and  then  a 
green  bunch  in  the  brown  matting.  The  water  plants  and  the  mosses  had 
just  begun  to  show  touches  of  reddish  brown  and  yellow.  This  is  the  time  of 
the  year  when  animals  are  most  handsome;  they  are  in  good  flesh  and  good 
spirits,  and  their  hair  is  sleek  and  glossy. 

The  general  effect  of  this  landscape  scene  was  heightened  and  rendered 
more  beautiful  and  realistic  by  a  scenic  painting  which  extended  the  wood- 
lands and  prairies  as  far  as  the  eye  cared  to  look.  The  effect  of  the  whole 
was  much  the  same  as  that  of  a  panorama.  The  deception  was  so  good  that 
many  people  asked  every  day  whether  or  not  this,  that  or  the  other  animal 
was  real  or  just  painted. 

ARRANGEMENT    OF   THE    EXHIBIT. 

For  convenience  of  description  the  exhibit  may  be  divided  into  two  parts. 
The  first  part  consisted  of  a  series  of  groups  which  extended  entirely  around 
the  outer  edge  of  the  semicircle  a  space  from  10  to  15  feet  in  width.  This 
was  separated  from  the  central  space  on  which  the  remaining  groups  were 
placed  by  an  irregular  walk  or  ground  path  from  three  to  five  feet  in  width. 
This  path  was  not  open  to  the  general  public,  but  many  persons  who  were 
specially  interested  were  invited  inside  of  the  rustic  pole  fence  and  given  op- 
portunity to  examine  the  exhibit  critically. 

The  conduct  of  the  general  mass  of  the  people  was  surprisingly  good,  but 
the  exceptional  individual  would  occasionally  come  along.  Experience  soon 


32  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

taught  that,  on  account  of  this  exceptional  person,  it  would  not  do  to  admit 
more  people  than  could  be  conducted  by  guides  in  parties. 

COMMON  DEER  (Cervus  virginiamis}. —  The  first  group  or  family  (begin- 
ning at  the  left  on  the  outside  series)  was  represented  by  five  Virginia  com- 
mon white-tail  or  long-tail  deer.  There  were  three  bucks  in  the  group — an  old 
one,  taken  in  the  early  fall,  when  his  neck  was  slender  and  his  coat  smooth 
and  glossy;  another  old  fellow  represented  a  buck  as  bucks  look  in  Novem- 
ber, when  their  necks  are  much  enlarged,  thick  and  heavy  for  fighting,  and 
the  hair  long,  thick,  and  shaggy  looking;  the  third  buck  was  a  young  one 
two  years  old,  with  his  first  antlers,  each  bearing  two  points.  An  old  doe  in 
her  brownish-red  summer  dress  and  her  small,  six-weeks-old  spotted  fawn 
completed  this  group.  The  animals,  as  arranged,  stood  in  a  rather  low  piece 
of  ground  next  to  the  moose  swamp;  old  logs  and  dead  snags,  with  such 
grasses  and  leaf-bearing  bushes  as  these  animals  like  to  feed  upon,  were  ar- 
ranged in  the  groundwork. 

AMERICAN  MOOSE  DEER  (Cervus  alces). — The  moose  was  second  in  the 
series,  following  around  the  outer  tier  of  groups  from  left  to  right.  The  family 
consisted  of  seven  animals,  headed  by  a  giant  bull ;  this  animal  stands  almost 
seven  feet  in  height.  He  was  not  only  by  far  the  largest  moose  on  exhibi- 
tion at  Jackson  park,  and,  so  far  as  known,  the  largest  specimen  of  the  kind 
in  existence,  but  he  was  the  largest  native,  wild,  North  American  terrestrial 
mammal  representing  a  living  species  at  the  fair.  This  moose  specimen  at- 
tracted much  attention ;  his  great  size  and  his  unique  form,  his  great  head  with 
its  peculiar  nose  and  widespread  palmated  horns,  were  continually  commented 
upon.  Another  feature  in  this  group  which  proved  to  be  of  great  interest  to 
visitors  was  an  old  cow  moose  riding  down  a  small  birch  tree,  in  order  that 
her  twin  calves  could  browse  upon  the  leaves  and  tender  branches.  Back  of 
the  old  cow  moose  was  a  two-year-old  cow  feeding  on  the  tops  of  some  red 
willow  or  killikinic  brush ;  a  two-year-old  male  walking  to  a  bunch  of  brush, 
and  a  yearling  female,  reaching  for  a  tempting  bunch  of  leaves  which  hung 
just  above  her  nose,  completed  the  moose  family.  The  animals  were  all  feed- 
ing, except  the  big  bull,  whose  elevated  head  with  erect  ear  and  keen  eye 
showed  plainly  that  he  was  On  guard ;  his  proud  attitude  and  noble  bearing 
made  you  feel  that  he  realized  that  the  safety  of  the  moose  family  depended 
upon  his  vigilance. 

The  groundwork  on  which  this  moose  family  was  arranged  represented  a 
small  section  of  an  old  tamarack  cranberry  swamp.  A  water  hole  with  lily 
pads,  old  moss-covered  logs,  dead  tamarack  poles,  evergreen,  poplar  and  birch 
trees,  willow  brush,  with  much  moss  and  many  vines,  are  some  of  the  things 
that  entered  into  its  composition.  Directly  opposite  the  moose  group  on  the 
other  side  of  the  path  or  game  trail,  was  another  moose  scene ;  it  might  be 
called  a  side  piece;  it  represented  two  big  bulls  in  a  desperate  combat.  How 
they  were  plunging  into  each  other  with  their  great  horns,  nostrils  distended, 
eyes  bulging  and  rolling,  muscles  contracted  and  rigid,  and  feet  braced  for 
even  greater  action !  An  old  Nova  Scotia  moose  hunter  remarked,  while  look- 


XII. — GRAIN  DECORATIONS,  second  floor— Kansas  Building.    (Page  24.) 


t 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  33 

ing  at  them :  "  I  hear  their  horns  crack ;  I  see  their  sides  heave ;  see  how  they 
are  tearing  up  the  earth  and  smashing  the  rotton  logs  to  pieces  under  them  | 
What  a  sight !  I  have  seen  it  before  in  the  wilds  of  Nova  Scotia." 

The  moose  originally  inhabited  North  America,  between  the  45th  and  70th 
degrees  of  north  latitude.  A  good  many  still  exist  in  certain  localities.  They 
are  said  to  be  quite  common  in  certain  districts  along  the  Yukon,  in  Alaska. 
The  moose  feeds  on  the  leaves  and  tender  branches  of  trees  almost  altogether. 
As  a  dessert  he  sometimes  takes  lily  bulbs  or  nips  at  the  tops  of  coarse  grasses. 
The  moose,  as  well  as  all  animals  belonging  to  the  deer  family,  shed  their 
antlers  every  year. 

WOODLAND  CARIBOU  (  Cervus  taranduis). —  The  next  group  in  order  con- 
sisted of  four  woodland  caribou  or  American  reindeer.  Two  old  males,  with 
very  different  types  of  horns,  an  old  cow  and  a  calf  made  up  the  group. 
They  were  all  walking,  though  one  buck  had  stopped  for  a  moment  to  look 
at  something,  and  were  apparently  just  emerging  from  the  woods  from  behind 
a  rocky  cliff.  Many  people  seemed  to  be  much  surprised  to  think  that  there 
were  reindeer  native  to  the  American  continent,  and  that  they  came  as  far 
south  as  Maine,  Minnesota,  and  Idaho.  The  groundwork  for  the  group  con- 
sisted mostly  of  moss-covered  rocks,  with  a  few  scrubby  bushes  and  dwarfed 
plants. 

WILD  MOUNTAIN  GOAT  (Mazama  montana). — This  family  group  com- 
prised seven  animals.  They  occupied  a  broken-up,  rocky  crag,  which  was  some 
20  feet  high  in  places.  The  goats  were  arranged  as  follows :  An  old  male 
stood  on  the  highest  rocky  point.  He  was  on  guard.  Below  and  in  front  of 
him  was  an  old  female  lying  down  on  a  projecting  shelf  of  rock ;  her  little 
kid  stood  near  by  on  a  piece  of  loose  shell  rock.  To  the  left  of  the  main 
crag  a  yearling  male  could  be  seen  sliding  down  a  steep  incline.  A  two- 
year-old  male  was  feeding  on  some  short  bunch  grass  in  front  and  near  the 
base  of  the  rocky  cliff.  To  the  right  of  him  was  a  yearling  female  climbing 
a  very  steep  incline.  On  the  right  of  this  stone  structure  a  two-year-old  fe- 
male could  be  seen  coming  around  a  projecting  stony  point. 

MULE  DEER  (Cervus  macrotus). — This  group  occupied  a  position  between 
the  goats  and  sheep  and  was  in  the  very  center  of  the  outside  series ;  it  was 
composed  of  nine  specimens,  illustrating  many  phases  of  mule-deer  life:  An 
old  buck,  with  large,  peculiar,  palmated  horns,  and  his  swollen  November 
neck,  with  ,hair  all  standing  out  fluffy ;  another  buck,  polishing  his  typical, 
five-point  horns  on  a  small  aspen  tree;  an  old  buck,  with  long,  shaggy, 
winter  hair;  a  two-year-old  buck,  pawing  in  the  ground;  a  yearling,  in 
brownish-red,  summer  hair,  nipping  the  leaves  from  a  willow  bush ;  an  old 
doe,  in  winter  hair;  another,  clad  in  the  rich  steel-blue  hair  of  early  Septem- 
ber. These,  together  with  a  beautiful  little  spotted  fawn,  which  stood  in  the 
foreground,  completed  one  of  the  most  interesting  groups,  which,  considered 
in  connection  with  the  groundwork,  in  which  could  be  seen  old  logs,  small 
quaking  aspen  and  evergreen  trees,  bunch  grass,  and  other  plants,  made  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  scenes  in  the  entire  exhibit. 
—3 


34  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  SHEEP,  Bighorn  (Ovis  montana). — The  group  of  10 
sheep  was  arranged  on  a  rocky  promontory  to  the  right  of  the  mule  deer. 
This  group  illustrated  many  phases  of  sheep  life,  and  was  represented  by  ani- 
mals of  all  sizes  and  ages,  from  a  little  lamb  a  few  weeks  old  to  a  large  patri- 
arch ram,  who  had  evidently  climbed  mountain  crags  for  20-odd  years.  He 
carried  a  pair  of  horns  that  weighed,  together  with  his  dry  skull,  28  pounds. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  striking  groups  in  the  exhibit. 

AMERICAN  ELK,  Wapiti  Deer  (Cervus  canadensis'). —  To  the  right  of 
the  sheep,  on  some  broken,  irregular  ground,  stood  a  group  of  six  American 
elk  or  wapiti  deer.  This  family  was  headed  by  a  magnificent  bull,  liked  by 
thousands  of  visitors  better  than  any  other  single  specimen  in  the  entire  ex- 
hibit. He  has  been  christened  by  writers  in  various  ways,  as  "World's  Fair 
King,"  "Monarch  of  the  Rockies,"  etc.  He  was  standing  on  a  little  grassy 
knoll,  with  his  head  and  great  horns  high  in  the  air,  looking  for  any  possible 
danger.  The  other  members  of  the  elk  family,  an  old  cow,  a  pair  of  year- 
lings, a  calf  a  week,  and  one  six  weeks  old,  were  taking  life  easy;  some  feed- 
ing, others  lying  down  or  standing  in  restful  positions.  The  group  with  the 
accessories  of  the  groundwork,  which  included  many  things  characteristic 
of  an  elk  country,  made  this  a  picture  of  still  life  in  wild  nature  seldom  seen- 

AMERICAN  ANTELOPE,  or  Prongbuck,  (Antilocapra  americana). — This 
unique  and  interesting  American  animal  was  represented  in  the  exhibit  by 
six  specimens.  They  were  arranged  on  a  buffalo-grass  knoll,  between  the 
elk  and  buffalo  groups.  An  old  buck  with  full-sized  horns,  a  younger  buck 
with  new  horn  tips  upon  the  bony  horn  cores,  a  young  buck  with  horns  just 
starting,  and  an  old  female  with  twin  fawns,  one  lying  down  and  the  other 
standing — these  six  animals,  all  apparently  startled  and  gazing  at  some  distant 
object,  constituted  one  of  the  most  attractive  groups.  Their  trim  bodies, 
comparatively  small  legs  and  the  alert  look  in  their  black  eyes  attracted  the 
attention  of  thousands  of  people,  who  learned  for  the  first  time  some  of  the 
external  differences  between  the  antelope  and  the  deer. 

AMERICAN  BUFFALO,  or  Bison  (Bos  americamis}. — Last  in  the  outside 
series  or  groups,  going  from  left  to  right,  but  not  least  by  any  means,  was  the 
group  of  six  buffaloes.  No  group  in  the  entire  exhibit  excited  more  general 
interest  than  this  one.  The  animals  were  arranged  in  a  piece  of  buffalo-grass 
prairie  around  an  alkali  "buffalo  wallow."  The  leader  of  this  herd  is  a 
splendid  bull,  with  grand  proportions  of  body  and  limb.  He  was  the  king 
bison  at  the  fair,  as  he  had  no  equal  there  in  size  or  appearance.  His  large 
head,  with  its  great  mass  of  flowing  hair,  his  keen  and  warlike  eye,  together 
with  the  general  bearing  of  the  proud  and  noble  beast,  placed  him  first  in  the 
admiration  of  many.  A  little  buffalo  calf,  not  more  than  a  week  old,  was  a 
great  attraction.  An  old  cow  and  a  pair  of  three-year-olds  constituted  the 
other  members  of  the  bison  family.  There  are  a  few  buffaloes  in  the  Yellow- 
stone park,  protected  by  the  government.  A  few  stragglers  are  said  to  still 
survive  on  the  foothills  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  north  of  the  United  States. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  35 

The  last  survivors  in  the  state  of  Kansas  were  seen  in  Stevens  county,  in  the 
fall  of  1888. 

OTHER  GROUPS. — With  the  addition  of  two  huge  grizzly  bears  just  ap- 
pearing from  behind  the  rocky  cliffs  occupied  by  the  sheep,  all  the  animals 
properly 'belonging  to  the  outside  groups  have  been  mentioned.  The  mere 
sight  of  these  shaggy  beasts,  their  powerful  limbs,  their  stout  claws,  and  their 
ferocious  looking  heads,  started  all  the  bear  hunters  at  the  fair  to  telling  what 
they  had  heard,  seen  and  done  in  the  bear  business. 

In  the  central  part  of  the  exhibit  were  arranged  groups  of  mountain  lions, 
wolves,  coyotes,  foxes,  wolverines  or  tiger  cats,  lynxes,  wild  cats,  jack  rabbits, 
and  prairie  dogs. 

In  the  foreground  of  the  central  exhibit,  and  to  the  right,  was  a  group  of 
two  old  mountain  lions  quarreling  over  a  deer,  which  one  of  them  had  just 
sprung  upon  and  killed;  as  the  animals  stood  with  ears  thrown  back,  hair 
bristling,  eyes  flashing,  mouths  glittering  with  large  white  teeth,  and  the  very 
muscles  of  their  bodies  quivering  with  excitement,  they  were  truly  vicious 
and  terrible-looking  beasts.  The  many  old  scars  on  the  head  and  forelegs  of 
the  one  to  the  left  went  to  show  that  he  was  an  old  warrior,  but  he  did  not 
succeed  in  bluffing  the  younger  and  handsomer  lion,  the  rightful  possessor  of 
the  prey. 

To  the  left  of  this  group  was  an  old  female  gray  panther  or  lion,  lying  in 
front  of  a  half-rotten  papier-mache  sycamore  stump,  under  which  she  had  her 
den.  She  had  three  small  spotted  kittens,  as  fat  and  plump  as  kittens  usually 
are,  playing  various  pranks  about  her  head  and  feet. 

In  the  background  of  this  exhibit,  and  in  front  of  the  rocky  crag  on 
which  the  sheep  were  standing,  was  another  group  of  lions  or  pumas  —  an  old 
female,  and  two  kittens  about  the  size  of  tomcats.  This  group  has  been 
called  "The  First  Hunt."  The  old  cat  has  just  emerged  from  a  rocky  cave; 
the  kittens  following  are  just  coming  out.  They  will  be. allowed  to  accom- 
panv  the  old  cat  on  a  hunt  for  the  first  time. 

In  the  foreground,  and  to  the  left  of  the  gray  puma  and  small  kittens,  was 
a  group  of  seven  foxes.  In  this  group  there  was  one  extremely  rare  fox,  a 
magnificent  silver  gray,  whose  skin  for  fur  alone  would  be  worth  over  a  hun- 
dred dollars.  There  were  cross  foxes,  common  prairie  gray  and  red  foxes. 
They  were  mounted  in  various  positions,  and  attracted  their  share  of  atten- 
tion. An  old  gentleman  was  overheard  to  say  one  morning,  while  discussing 
the  subject  of  foxes  with  his  friends,  that  "these  (pointing  to  the  mounted 
specimens)  are  the  foxiest  looking  foxes  that  ever  I  saw  in  captivity." 

Just  back  of  the  quarreling  lions  was  a  group  of  large  gray  wolves,  ar- 
ranged about  an  old  buffalo  carcass ;  one  of  them  was  chewing  on  a  bone ; 
another  seemed  mad  and  was  snarling  about  it;  the  third  had  eaten  his  fill, 
and  was  looking  over  the  hills  for  something  to  get  scared  at.  In  the  center 
of  the  central  exhibit  was  a  group  of  nine  coyote  wolves,  represented  by  three 
old  ones  and  six  young  of  different  ages  and  sizes.  In  the  center  of  this  lat- 
ter group  was  a  single  lean  and  starved-looking  coyote,  sitting  on  his  haunches 


36  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

near  some  old  dry  buffalo  bones,  howling;  the  poor,  hungry  wolf's  mind  was 
evidently  disturbed  with  thoughts  of  the  past,  when  a  buffalo  carcass  affording 
a  good  breakfast  could  be  found  almost  anywhere. 

To  the  left  of  this  wolf  group,  and  just  back  of  the  foxes,  was  a  group  of 
two  wolverines ;  they  stood  near  their  den  in  the  rocks,  and  were  evidently 
meditating  upon  some  kind  of  meanness.  Just  back  of  these  "  Indian  devils  " 
were  a  pair  of  fishers  —  one  on  an  old  log,  and  the  other  on  the  ground,  near 
a  hole  which  opened  into  the  bottom  of  the  log.  To  the  right  of  these  ani- 
mals could  be  seen  the  Canada  lynxes,  one  walking  on  an  old  chunk  and  an- 
other sitting  on  the  end  of  a  snag.  Near  by,  and  in  front  of  the  lynxes,  was 
a  wild  cat  crouched  upon  a  piece  of  fallen  tree. 

The  ocelots,  or  spotted  tiger  cats,  were  standing  upon  some  rocks  a  little 
to  the  right  of  the  cats.  To  the  right  of  the  ocelots  and  back  of  the  wolves, 
on  a  little  knoll,  was  a  group  of  cunning  little  prairie  dogs,  which,  in  zoolog- 
ical classification,  are  placed  among  the  squirrels.  Visitors  were  much  inter- 
ested in  them,  and  seemed  disappointed  not  to  hear  them  bark. 

The  old  war  horse  "Comanche"  was  also  a  part  of  the  University  exhibit. 
Comanche  was  the  only  surviving  horse  of  the  Custer  massacre.  He  was 
ridden  by  Colonel  Keogh  on  that  fated  day.  Comanche  was  wounded  seven 
times;  three  severe  and  four  flesh  wounds.  The  severe  wounds  were,  one 
through  the  neck,  one  just  behind  the  front  shoulder,  passing  clear  through, 
and  one  in  the  hind  quarters,  passing  out  between  the  hind  legs.  Comanche 
died  at  Fort  Riley,  in  Kansas,  November  7,  1891,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  31 
years.  In  answer  to  a  telegram,  Professor  Dyche  reached  the  fort  a  little 
after  midnight,  Sunday  morning.  It  took  the  rest  of  the  night  and  most 
of  the  day  to  properly  measure  the  animal  and  care  for  his  skin.  He  was 
mounted  in  the  taxidermic  laboratory  at  the  University,  with  the  under- 
standing that  he  might  be  shown  with  the  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair. 
Thousands  of  people  came  to  the  Kansas  building  for  the  special  purpose  of 
seeing  what  is  still  in  existence  of  this  memorable  and  historic  horse.  Adju- 
tant J.  T.  Bell,  of  the  Seventh  cavalry,  at  Fort  Riley,  kindly  sent  a  saddle, 
bridle  and  complete  outfit  for  use  on  the  horse  at  the  fair. 

The  following  is  published  as  a  matter  of  interest  in  connection  with  the 

-exhibit: 

GENEBAL  OBDEBS,  No.  7. 

I.  The  horse  known  as  "Comanche"  being  the  only  living  representative  of  the 
Woody  tragedy  of  the  Little  Big  Horn,  Jnne  25,  1876,  his  kind  treatment  and  com- 
fort should  be  a  matter  of  special  pride  and  solicitude  on  the  part  of  every  member 
-of  the  Seventh  cavalry,  to  the  end  that  his  life  be  prolonged  to  the  utmost  limit. 
Wounded  and  scarred  as  he  is,  his  very  existence  speaks  in  terms  more  eloquent 
than  words  of  the  desperate  struggle  against  overwhelming  numbers;  of  the  hope- 
less conflict,  and  of  the  heroic  manner  in  which  all  went  down  on  that  fatal  day. 

II.  The  commanding  officers  of  company  I  will  see  that  a  special  and  comfort- 
able stall  is  fitted  up  for  him,  and  he  will  not  be  ridden  by  any  person  whatever, 
nnder  any  circumstances,  nor  will  he  be  put  to  any  kind  of  work. 

III.  Hereafter,  upon  all  occasions  of  ceremony  (of  mounted  regimental  forma- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  37 

tion)   Comanche,  saddled,  bridled,  draped   in   mourning,  and  led   by  a   mounted 
trooper  of  company  I,  will  be  paraded  with  the  regiment. 

By  command  of  Colonel  Sturgis.  E.  A.  GABLINGTON, 

1st  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  7th  Cavalry, 

Miscellaneous  Exhibits. 

A  fine  exhibit  of  crude  petroleum,  in  a  large  barrel  and  glass  jars,  by 
Adolph  Bauman,  of  Neodesha,  Wilson  county,  where  the  oil  was  discovered 
August  7,  1893,  and  flows  from  a  depth  of  1,000  feet.  The  Commissioners 
were  constantly  interrogated  concerning  this  exhibit. 

An  exhibit  of  building  stone,  from  Rettiger  Bros',  quarry,  Strong  City,  was 
put  up  in  the  form  of  a  wall. 

Saline  river  ochre,  red  and  golden,  the  product  of  Trego  county,  exhibited 
by  Kansas  City  Paint  Company.  The  stand  on  which  it  was  displayed  was 
gaily  decorated  with  the  paint ;  several  photographs  of  the  ochre  mills  stood 
on  the  shelf,  together  with  bottles  of  the  paint,  as  taken  from  the  mines  an(J 
in  its  purified  state. 

An  elegant  buggy  harness,  exhibited  by  J.  A.  Fletcher,  of  Atchison,  was 
a  good  advertisement  for  him,  for  many  visitors  examined  the  work  and  pro- 
nounced it  superior  in  point  of  workmanship  and  material. 

The  Fulton  Milling  Company,  of  Fulton,  made  an  exhibit  of  four  brands 
of  flour,  put  up  in  pink  satin  sacks.  The  "Imperial"  brand  was  decorated 
with  a  crown;  "White  Rose"  brand,  with  a  white  rose;  "Snowball,"  with 
daisies;  "Angel  Food,"  with  heads  of  wheat. 

A  small  but  striking  exhibit  of  flax  was  made  by  H.  B.  AVare,  of  Fort 
Scott,  who  has  invented  a  process  by  which  the  raw  material  is  prepared  for 
manufacturing  without  the  delay  of  the  old  process  of  "going  through  the 
rot." 

Salina  Paper  Manufacturing  Company  exhibited  large  rolls  of  brown  pa- 
per, with  the  "Anti-Trust"  brand,  and  sheets  of  straw  paper,  by  A.  M.  Claff- 
lin,  of  Salina. 

Tables  with  buckets  of  grain  and  seeds  were  displayed  to  a  good  advantage. 

A.  Cone,  of  Gardner,  exhibited  models  of  his  noted  patents  on  washing; 
machines  and  churns. 

The  Electric  Appliance  Company,  of  Burlington,  exhibited  samples  of 
their  work. 

Geo.  A.  Talbot,  of  Falun,  sent  a  lot  of  pens  made  of  slough  grass,  which, 
were  used  for  registering.  They  were  found  to  be  excellent  substitutes  for 
goose  quills,  and  were  anxiously  picked  up  as  souvenirs. 

Rooms  on  First  Floor. 

Entering  the  reception  room  on  the  first  floor,  the  attention  of  the  visitor 
was  arrested  by  a  life-size  painting  of  "  Osawatomie  "  Brown,  whose  "soul  goes 
marching  on."  Ranged  in  regular  order  around  the  room  were  the  portraits 
of  nine  judges  who  have  held  the  district  court  in  Nemaha  county,  one  of 


38  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

whom,  A.  H.  Horton,  is  now  chief  justice.  The  portrait  of  Hon.  John  J. 
Ingalls,  18  years  in  the  United  States  senate,  occupied  a  prominent  place. 

Over  a  window  on  the  south  side  hung  the  portrait  of  Eugene  F.  Ware, 
("Ironquill,")  the  poet  of  the  sunflower  state.  The  picture  was  done  by 
Mrs.  W.  J.  Balding,  of  Paola,  whose  work  is  too  well  known  to  need  further 
mention  here. 

Over  another  window  on  the  same  side  hung  a  portrait  of  Thomas  B.  Pea- 
cock, the  author  of  many  volumes  of  poems,  and  who  was  especially  known 
at  the  exposition  as  the  author  of  the  famous  Columbian  ode.  This  picture 
was  painted  by  the  noted  artist  George  M.  Stone,  and  is  one  of  his  best  efforts. 

Hanging  between  these  portraits  was  "Old  Shawnee  Mission,"  where  the 
first  legislature  met,  belonging  to  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  Olathe. 

"Logan  Just  Before  the  Battle,"  was  a  large  painting  by  Mrs  E.  F.  Ly- 
man,  of  Baxter  Springs. 

A  fine  life-sized  photograph  of  Mother  Bickerdyke,  the  "  Florence  Night- 
ingale" of  the  civil  war,  and  revered  by  all  "the  boys  in  blue,"  hung  over  the 
Russell  county  mantel,  and  is  now  the  property  of  the  state. 

The  mantel  was  the  display  of  Russell  county,  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
her  building  stone.  Magnesia  limestone  entered  largely  into  its  construction. 
The  front  of  it  was  handsomely  carved  with  the  seal  of  the  state,  and  on  either 
end  were  carved  the  names  of  the  officers  of  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of 
that  county.  The  tiling  of  red  sandstone  was  finished  in  the  rough.  The 
andirons  represented  two  huge  sunflowers.  The  whole  design  was  the  grand 
conception  and  generous  tribute  of  those  enterprising  women. 

A  handsome  table  of  oak,  with  the  word  "Atchison  "  standing  out  in  bold 
relief,  stood  in  the  center  of  the  room,  a  loan  of  the  Woman's  Columbian 
Club.  In  one  corner  stood  a  fine  organ,  loaned  by  the  Estey  Organ  Company. 
This  room  was  supplied  with  settees  and  easy  chairs  for  the  waiting  crowds. 
Plain  curtains  of  green  China  silk  hung  at  the  windows,  while  above  were 
festoons  of  green  and  drab  silk,  blending  well  with  the  tints  in  the  carpet. 

The  floor  was  covered  with  a  heavy  body  Brussels  carpet,  the  gift  of  J.  V. 
Farwell,  of  Chicago,  the  most  prominent  wholesale  dry-goods  dealer  in  this 
country. 

A  door  opened  from  this  room  into  the  office  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
furnished  with  office  appurtenances,  and  a  typewriter  loaned  by  the  Smith 
Premier  Company.  Off  this  room  was  the  Secretary's  office;  a  handsome  rug 
covered  the  floor  of  this  room,  presented  by  Jas.  H.  Walker,  of  Chicago. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  hall  was  the  check  room  and  post  office ;  there 
was  also  a  typewriter  in  this  room,  furnished  by  the  Remington  company. 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company. 

This  exhibit  was  in  charge  of  Jno.  E.  Frost,  of  the  land  department  of  the 
road,  and  consisted  of  a  series  of  panels,  occupying  the  profile  space  in  the 
elliptical  opening  between  the  first  and  second  floors  under  the  dome  of  the 
Kansas  building;  the  panels  being  tastefully  decorated  with  Kansas  grain, 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  39 

and  bearing  ornamental  lettering,  calling  attention  to  their  line  and  Kansas 
lands,  in  conjunction  with  paintings  of  various  scenes  of  interest  along  the 
line  in  Kansas,  especially  illustrating  the  farming  features,  leading  state  in- 
stitutions, and  leading  industries  of  the  state,  such  as  wheat  and  salt  produc- 
tions, zinc  and  lead  smelting. 

In  connection  with  these  panels  and  paintings,  a  miniature  railroad  track 
was  constructed  around  the  base  of  the  ellipse,  and  on  this,  operated  by  elec- 
tricity, a  miniature  train,  which  was  a  counterpart  of  one  of  the  regular  ves- 
tibule trains  of  that  road,  and  was  drawn  by  an  engine  appropriately  named 
"J.  W.  Reinhart,"  for  Mr.  Reinhart,  president  of  the  Atchison  system.  This 
train  secured  an  award  from  the  electrical  department. 

In  connection  with  this  display,  they  kept  constantly  at  the  Kansas  build- 
ing, during  the  fair,  a  representative  of  the  land  department  in  charge  of  the 
display,  and  a  large  supply  of  pamphlets  descriptive  of  the  advantages  of  the 
land  and  farming  interests  of  the  state,  and  inviting  immigration,  which 
pamphlets  were  distributed  gratis  to  visitors  to  the  Kansas  building.  The 
cost  of  the  display,  and  the  maintenance  of  the  same  during  the  fair,  aggre- 
gated 82,610.97,  which  was  borne  exclusively  by  the  railroad  company. 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Company. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Company,  in  the 
Kansas  building,  consisted  of  various  samples  of  sugar  made  from  sorghum 
cane  at  the  Fort  Scott  sugar  works ;  and,  also,  samples  of  syrup  made  from 
sorghum  cane. 

There  was  also  exhibited  a  lot  of  cement,  made  from  the  Fort  Scott  hy- 
draulic cement  rock,  by  the  Fort  Scott  Cement  Company.  Samples  of  the 
rock  in  different  stages  of  preparation,  from  the  crude  rock  to  the  finished 
material,  were  also  shown. 

One  side  of  the  exhibit  was  devoted  to  a  display  of  the  samples  of  natural 
flagstone,  from  the  great  flagstone  quarries  near  Fort  Scott.  As  their  quar- 
ries are  not  only  a  great  geological  curiosity  but  a  great  source  of  revenue  to 
the  state,  the  exhibit  of  their  product  was  of  great  advantage  to  Kansas. 

Samples  of  Kansas  cotton,  raised  in  Labette  and  Montgomery  counties, 
were  also  exhibited.  This  cotton  was  put  up  in  attractive  bales  and  excited 
much  attention  from  visitors. 

The  space  allotted  to  this  company  was  decorated  with  large  paintings, 
showing  the  sugar  works  at  Fort  Scott  and  the  great  military  post  at  Fort 
Riley. 

An  immense  amount  of  printed  matter,  descriptive  of  the  state  and  of  the 
resources  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Company,  was  distrib- 
uted from  this  office. 


40  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

The  Kansas  Educational  Exhibit. 

The  educational  exhibit  for  Kansas  was  prepared  by  the  board  of  direct- 
ors appointed  by  the  State  Teachers'  Association  and  the  department  of  city 
superintendents.  At  the  time  of  its  appointment  no  appropriation  had  been 
made  by  the  state,  and  the  schools  were  called  upon  to  contribute  the  neces- 
sary funds.  To  inaugurate  the  work,  the  State  Teachers'  Association  appro- 
priated $200.  The  schools  responded  moet  generously;  the  total  amount 
received  aggregating  $5,815.43.  The  State  Board  of  World's  Fair  Commis- 
sioners appropriated  $1,000  out  of  the  state  appropriation  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, making  the  total  amount  at  the  disposal  of  the  board  in  charge  of  the 
educational  exhibit  $6,815.43.  The  expenses  aggregated  $6,537.43,  leaving 
a  balance  on  hand  of  $278.  After  paying  the  expenses  incidental  to  the  re- 
turn of  the  exhibit  from  Topeka  to  the  donors,  and  the  publication  of  the 
report  of  the  board,  the  balance  on  hand  has  been  ordered  set  apart  for  the 
inauguration  of  a  permanent  educational  exhibit  at  Topeka.  Ninety-five  coun- 
ties contributed  to  the  expenses  of  the  exhibit.  The  largest  amount  paid  by 
any  one  county  was  by  Shawnee,  $424.40;  the  next  largest  amount,  Douglas, 
$277.68.  The  largest  amount  contributed  by  any  one  city  was  $300,  from  the 
city  of  Topeka;  the  second  largest  amount  was  from  Wichita,  $239.18.  The 
largest  amount  contributed  from  school  districts  of  any  one  county  was  from 
the  districts  of  Atchison  county,  $125.  The  largest  amount  contributed  from 
any  single  institution  was  by  the  State  Normal  School,  $100.  The  total  amount 
contributed  by  the  district  schools  of  the  state  was  $2,102.52.  As  some  of 
the  cities  and  counties  as  well  as  the  state  educational  institutions  expended 
even  more  in  the  preparation  of  their  exhibits  than  they  contributed  to  this 
board,  the  total  exhibit  represented  an  expenditure  of  at  least  $12,000. 

The  exhibit  at  the  great  exposition  was  in  all  respects  beyond  the  expec- 
tations of  those  who  planned  it  and  brought  it  to  successful  completion.  No 
description,  however  accurately  and  carefully  detailed,  can  give  one  an  ade- 
quate conception  of  it.  It  must  have  been  seen  and  closely  examined,  and 
even  studied,  to  be  fully  appreciated.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  in  point  of  mag- 
nitude, in  character,  in  organization  and  in  completeness  it  surpassed  any- 
thing in  the  educational  line  the  world  has  ever  seen.  As  an  expositor  of 
pedagogical  science  and  educational  progress  it  has  had  no  equal.  Notwith- 
standing no  century  has  been  half  so  progressive  in  science  and  in  industrial 
and  commercial  pursuits  as  the  present;  notwithstanding  we  are  but  on  the 
threshold  of  the  new  education,  as  many  believe,  from  which  are  to  come  the 
skilled  hand  and  cultured  brain  and  heart,  this  great  display  practically  dem- 
onstrated that  the  schools  have  not  been  outstripped  in  the  race  of  progress. 
Four  acres  of  wall,  case,  and  book  exhibits  in  the  liberal  arts  building,  besides 
educational  exhibits  in  many  of  the  state  buildings,  furnished  enough  ma- 
terial for  a  lifetime  of  study  and  investigation.  Every  class  of  school  was 
here  represented ;  the  common  school  and  the  parochial  school,  the  univer- 
sity, the  college  and  the  normal  school,  the  manual  training  school,  the  trade 


XVII.— PAGODA  OF  GRAIN,  first  floor— Kansas  Building.    (Page  24.) 


XVIIL— PYRAMID  OF  GRAIN— Kansas  Building.    (Page  25.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  41 

school,  the  technical  institute,  and  the  business  college,  each  contributed  large 
quantities  of  material. 

In  the  presence  of  such  a  mass  of  details  the  observer  was  almost  bewil- 
dered, realizing  that  with  limited  time  he  could  make  but  few  comparisons  and 
reach  but  few  conclusions  as  to  the  true  inwardness  of  the  schools  making  the 
exhibits.  Still,  from  the  almost  unlimited  number  of  methods  and  devices 
everywhere  to  be  seen,  he,  whether  teacher  or  educational  expert,  must  have 
been  enriched  and  inspired. 

It  will  be  remembered  by  those  who  visited  the  fair,  that  the  Kansas 
schools  were  represented  at  both  the  liberal  arts  building  and  at  the  state 
building,  occupying  1,560  square  feet  in  the  former  and  the  second  floor  of 
the  east  wing  of  the  latter.  Upon  the  table  might  be  found  404  bound  vol- 
umes of  manuscripts  of  class  work  and  test  exercises,  and  10  photograph 
albums  containing  likenesses  of  school  buildings  and  their  apartments,  teach- 
ers and  their  schools,  besides  bound  volumes  of  the  Western  School  Journal, 
The  Industrialist,  and  The  Normal  Quarterly. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  counties  and  cities  of  the  state,  and 
the  number  of  volumes  contributed  by  each : 

Counties:  Atchison  ?,  Barton  1,  Brown  ?,  Butler  2,  Chase  1£,  Chautau- 
qua  1,  Coffey  2,  Comanche  1,  Cowley  1,  Dickinson  3,  Doniphan  8,  Douglas  6, 
Ellis  ?,  Franklin  4,  Geary  1,  Greenwood  6,  Greeley  1,  Kearny  1,  Kingman  1, 
Labette  3,  Lincoln  1,  Lyon  2,  Miami  £,  Mitchell  1,  McPherson  1,  Morris  J, 
Nemaha  i  Neosho  i  Ottawa  £,  Pratt  3,  Reno  2,  Riley  4,  Rooks  1,  Scott  £, 
Shawnee  6,  Thomas  1,  Trego  J,  Woodson  3,  Wyandotte  3. 

Cities:  Atchison  4,  Alma  1,  Anthony  5,  Burlington  5,  Bonner  Springs  1, 
Burlingame  3,  Cherry  Vale  2,  Columbus  1,  Concordia  7,  Colby  4,  Dodge  City 
2,  Effingham  1,  Emporia  7,  Eureka  4,  Fort  Scott  7,  Frankfort  3,  Gove  City 
1,  Great  Bend  2,  Halstead  2,  Hiawatha  Academy  1,  Independence  5,  Indus- 
trial School  for  Girls  1,  Junction  City  2,  Kansas  City  9,  Lawrence  11,  Leav- 
en worth  11,  Leon,  2,  Longton  1,  Lincoln  Center  2,  McPherson  6,  Marion  2, 
Manhattan  13,  Newton  5,  Oakland  2,  Osborne  2,  Ottawa  2,  Parsons  5,  Pitts- 
burg  4,  Potwin  4,  Paola  3,  Sedan  2,  Sabetha  2,  Seneca  10,  Topeka  92,  Wich- 
ita 20,  Wamego  4. 

Upon  the  walls  were  exhibited  about  380  straw  boards,  22x28  inches, 
neatly  framed,  upon  which  were  placed  drawings,  photographs,  wall  charts, 
and  kindergarten  work,  representing  both  plane  and  solid  forms.  Relief 
maps  of  the  continents,  16  in  all,  were  constructed  by  pupils  of  the  State 
Normal,  Leavenworth  and  Pittsburg  schools,  and  added  much  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  wall  exhibit.  Cases  of  clay  modeling,  and  many  specimens  of 
homemade  illustrative  apparatus,  constructed  by  pupils,  showed  that  our  com- 
mon schools  were  not  wholly  lacking  in  the  spirit  of  manual  training.  In  this 
connection,  a  model  of  Catson  bridge,  ingeniously  constructed  by  the  high- 
school  pupils  of  Leavenworth,  and  a  set  of  pulleys,  made  by  the  Mankato 
pupils,  deserve  special  mention. 

A  tabulated  statistical  chart,  showing  the  comparative  educational  prog- 


42  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

ress  of  the  state,  and  two  great  maps  of  Kansas,  7x12  feet,  showing  the  lo- 
cation of  all  the  rural  schools,  city  schools,  the  State  Normal  School,  the 
State  University,  colleges,  and  the  various  private  and  denominational  insti- 
tutions, attracted  much  interest  and  attention,  and  reflected  great  credit  upon 
Prof.  L.  C.  Wooster,  who  designed  them. 

The  State  Normal  School  was  represented  by  34  volumes  of  manuscripts, 
showing  the  character  and  method  of  class  work,  and  illustrative  apparatus 
made  by  pupils  of  the  institution,  and  by  many  photographs  and  special  de- 
signs. 

The  State  Agricultural  College  furnished  four  volumes  of  class  work  from 
the  department  of  industrial  art  and  design ;  four  albums  containing  many 
photographs  and  engravings  of  buildings  and  their  apartments,  and  two 
cases  filled  with  specimens  of  plants  and  insects;  products  of  manual  train- 
ing and  domestic  art. 

The  Kansas  educational  exhibit  made  at  the  liberal  arts  building  is  en- 
tered in  the  catalogue  of  the  exposition  and  deserves  special  mention.  It  oc- 
cupied 1,560  square  feet  of  space,  as  has  been  said,  and  consisted  of  the 
following  groups: 

1.  The  common  school  section,  consisting  of  (a)  195  volumes  of  manu- 
scripts containing  class  exercises  and  special  tests;  (6)  204  wall  charts,  22 x 
28  inches,  containing  drawings  from  objects,  drawings  in  physiology,  outline 
maps,  plans  and  descriptions  of  school  buildings,  sheets  showing  methods  of 
instruction  in  language,  and  kindergarten  work  from  primary  schools;  (c) 
many  photographs  of  school  buildings  and  their  apartments,  pupils   and 
teachers,  displayed  both  upon  the  walls  and  in  albums;  (d)  10  relief  maps; 
(e)  1  case  of  primary  work  in  form  and  in  language;  (/)  one  Kansas  map, 
showing  the  location  of  all  the  schools  and  schoolhouses  in  the  state;  (#) 

1  statistical  chart,  showing  the  comparative  progress  of  the  educational  sys- 
tem of  the  state;  (Ji)  8  bound  volumes  of  the  Western  School  Journal. 

2.  The  Normal  School  section,  consisting  of  (a)  1  case,  containing  kinder- 
garten work,  illustrative  apparatus  constructed  by  pupils,  object  drawings, 
specimens  of  clay  modeling,  and  a  few  prepared  specimens  of  Kansas  birds; 
(6)   19  bound  volumes  of  manuscripts,  designed  to  illustrate  the  normal 
methods  of  instruction;   (c)  a  collection  of  books  written  by  teachers  and 
graduates  of  the  institution;   (c?)  3  oil  paintings;   (e)  4  water  colors;  (/)  6 
putty  relief  maps;  (</)  18  casts,  designs,  etc. 

3.  The  Agricultural  College  section,  consisting  of  (a)  1  large  case,  con- 
taining specimens  of  manual  training  and  domestic  art,  and  illustrating  ex- 
ercises in  primary  and  iron  working,  and  sewing  and  cooking,  an  etymological 
collection, and  specimens  of  printing;  (6)  bound  volumes — 2  of  the  catalogues, 

2  of  reports,  17  of  the  Industrialist,  and  5  showing  exercises  in  industrial  art 
and  design;  (c)  5  photograph  albums;  (d)  80  wood  cuts  of  the  surroundings 
and  actual  workings  of  the  college;  (e)  16  charts,  showing  the  time  given  to 
each  study  and  its  order  in  the  college,  together  with  an  outline  of  instruc- 
tion given  in  the  class  room. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  43 

Directly  after  the  organization  of  the  board  of  directors,  they  elected 
Prof.  L.  C.  Wooster  as  superintendent  of  the  exhibit,  to  whom  much  praise 
is  due  for  his  persistent  efforts  in  getting  up  and  classifying  the  material  pre- 
sented, and  in  placing  it  so  attractively  in  the  exposition. 

On  his  resignation  in  August,  to  accept  a  permanent  position  in  the  North 
Dakota  State  Normal  School,  he  was  succeeded  by  Supt.  C.  M.  Light,  whose 
fitness  for  the  position  was  everywhere  recognized. 

The  board  of  directors  for  the  Kansas  educational  exhibit  were:  Geo.  W. 
Winans,  president  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  Topeka;  A.  R. 
Taylor,  secretary  and  chairman  of  exhibit  committee,  Emporia;  G.  T.  Fair- 
child,  treasurer,  Manhattan ;  L.  C.  Wooster,  superintendent,  Eureka ;  E.  Stan- 
ley, Lawrence;  C.  Y.  Roop,  Salina;  A.  W.  Leech,  Mound  City;  F.  H.  Snow> 
Lawrence;  D.  E.  Sanders,  Ft.  Scott;  J.  E.  Klock,  Leaven  worth;  J.  E.  Peairs, 
Lawrence;  John  MacDonald,  Topeka;  W.  M.  Davidson,  Topeka;  H.  N. 
Gaines,  Topeka;  A.  S.  Olin,  Lawrence. 

The  Woman's  Room. 

On  the  south  wall  of  the  "  woman's  room  "  was  a  portrait  of  Mrs.  Clorinda 
Nichols,  who  sat  in  the  first  constitutional  convention,  and  fought  for  rights  of 
women  when  its  advocates  were  denounced  as  strong-minded  and  unwomanly. 
It  is  reported  that  her  hands  were  never  idle,  and  that,  while  her  busy  brain 
devised  ways  and  means  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  her  sex,  she  "tended 
strictly  to  her  knitting,"  as  she  finished  the  sock  which  she  was  at  before 
the  convention  closed.  Mrs.  Nichols  succeeded  in  obtaining  more  liberal 
property  rights  for  the  women  of  her  state  than  those  afforded  them  in  any 
other  state  in  the  union.  The  strong,  kindly  face  showed  determination  of 
purpose ;  you  feel  it  while  you  look  at  it,  and  carry  the  impression  away  with 
you.  This  is  the  property  of  the  AVyandotte  ladies. 

"  The  Pioneer  Woman  "  is  a  picture  that  will  stand  any  amount  of  study, 
some  new  point  coming  out  at  every  visit.  A  woman  stands  just  outside 
of  a  dugout,  gazing  over  the  vast  expanse  of  prairie  that  stretches  out  before 
her;  her  attitude  brings  to  one's  mind  the  loneliness  and  privations  of  the 
women  who  courageously  went  forth  with  their  husbands  to  subdue  the  tree- 
less plains;  yet  there  is  nothing  about  the  picture  to  suggest  despair.  The 
primitive  dugout  has  its  sunflowers  blooming  on  the  sodded  roof.  Although 
the  fine  face  carries  a  look  of  regret  as  she  gazes  eastward,  thinking  perhaps 
of  the  friends  and  comforts  of  her  old  home,  courage  and  hope  for  the  new 
home  she  has  come  to  build  softens  the  regret.  The  soft,  purplish  tints  of 
the  gray  dress  blend  well  with  the  gray-green  buffalo  grass  and  the  peculiar 
tints  of  a  sky  seen  only,  it  is  said,  in  Kansas  and  Italy.  The  perspective  is 
fine,  gazing  into  the  illimitable  distance  of  undulating  prairie ;  sky  and  prairie 
seem  to  blend  in  an  undefmable  line.  The  picture  is  3x5  feet  in  dimension, 
and  "beautifully  framed.  It  was  sent  by  the  Wyandotte  County  Woman's 
Columbian  Club.  The  artist  is  Geo.  M.  Stone,  of  Topeka. 


44  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

Another  historical  gem  is  entitled  "  Bygone  Memories,"  belonging  to  the 
Woodward  collection,  of  Lawrence.  It  is  one  of  the  pictures  that  appeals  to 
the  soul,  of  days  long  departed,  that  memory  brings,  like  blossoms  of  Eden> 
to  twine  around  the  heart.  So  exquisitely  rendered  is  the  subject  that  it  might 
easily  pass  for  the  work  of  one  of  the  great  Dutch  painters,  so  renowned  for 
their  interior  views.  The  elderly  woman,  with  a  homely  but  genial  face,  the 
old  spinning  wheel,  the  scanty  furniture,  with  all  the  details  carefully  drawn, 
the  glow  of  the  coals  on  the  open  fireplace,  and  the  wonderful  slanting  ray  of 
white  light  coming  in  through  the  window,  entitle  the  picture  to  the  praises 
that  have  been  lavished  upon  it;  although  small,  it  is  one  of  the  most  char- 
acteristic in  the  collection. 

A  "  Pioneer  House,"  by  A.  S.  Cordry,  of  Minneapolis,  shows  close  study. 
In  it  one  finds  a  simple  bit  of  nature  painted  with  feeling  and  poetic  expres- 
sion. It  is  a  solitary  spot;  an  old-time  dwelling,  with  ridgepole  falling  in; 
the  bits  of  palings  here  and  there,  stumps,  and  an  old  gate,  give  it  a  pleasing 
flavor  of  mild  decay. 

A  portrait  of  an  Indian,  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Lyman,  of  Baxter  Springs,  where 
she  has  a  studio,  is  admirably  drawn  and  painted.  Mrs.  Lyman  has  several 
other  paintings  in  the  Kansas  exhibit  —  a  portrait  of  Mrs.  Wilson  and  a  bib- 
lical subject  —  "The  Changed  Cross." 

The  merry  group  of  six  children,  with  school  books  and  flowers,  by  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Tiner,  of  Concordia,  are  real  Kansas  children,  not  posing  in  fine  linen 
and  laces,  but  natural,  jolly  children,  with  a  general  air  of  health  and  con- 
tentment, which  inspires  one  with  a  desire  to  know  more  about  them. 

"  Products  of  Kansas  "  is  an  admirable  study  of  still  life  that  was  uni- 
versally admired.  It  shows  an  arrangement  of  cucumbers,  corn  and  onions 
resting  against  a  cabbage  head,  with  a  kettle  of  potatoes  and  a  box  of  luscious 
blackberries  in  the  foreground.  The  artist,  Mrs.  James  J.  Ogden,  has  shown 
great  skill  in  arrangement  and  coloring. 

A  bunch  of  calla  lilies  on  Japan  are  pleasing  and  pretty.  A  small  winter 
landscape  near  it  is  well  done. 

"  Jakey  and  Marie,"  two  wise-looking  little  owls  on  a  basket,  move  one  to 
laughter.  Cosy,  grave  little  rascals,  as  happy  as  happy  can  be ;  not  the  hoot- 
ing, melancholy  owl  that  complains  from  some  ivy-mantled  tower,  but  socially 
inclined  owls,  happy  in  each  others'  companionship.  The  artist  is  E.  Mary 
Curtis  Root,  of  Council  Grove,  Kas. 

Of  the  still-life  subjects,  one  by  Mrs.  W.  W.  Reed  is  the  masterpiece,  the 
gem  of  the  collection.  It  is  a  realistic  painting  of  quail,  on  a  wooden  panel, 
the  background  of  which  is  a  portion  of  the  Fort  Scott  Monitor,  the  reading 
clearly  discernable. 

A  portrait  of  Sol.  Smith,  the  old  sawyer,  from  life,  is  one  before  which 
many  a  group  paused.  Sol.  is  a  well-known  character,  and  his  many  friends 
recognized  an  old  acquaintance  as  soon  as  they  stepped  into  the  woman's 
room.  The  rugged  face  and  brawny  hands  are  admirably  drawn  and  painted, 


XIX.—  PYRAMID  OF  GRAIN  AND  GRASSES  — Kansas  Building.    (Page  25.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  45 

not  even  the  old  cob  pipe  having  been  left  out  of  the  composition,  the  work 
of  W.  A.  Ford,  of  Hutchinson. 

The  Indian  lookout,  near  Solomon  river,  was  a  point  of  observation  from 
which  the  early  settler  could  note  the  movements  of  the  wily  savage.  To  an 
ordinary  observer  there  seems  little  in  the  picture  worthy  of  attention,  but  to 
the  frontiersman  it  suggests  "days  of  danger  and  nights  of  watching."  It  is 
inclosed  in  a  straw  frame,  the  whole  the  work  of  Mrs.  C.  W.  Lord,  of  Delphos. 

A  wine  glass,  fruit,  apples  and  nuts  is  a  beautiful  little  piece  of  still  life,  a 
dainty  bit  of  coloring,  by  Annie  M.  Newton,  of  Garnett. 

Lilian  Westervelt  McGill  has  a  fine  piece  of  still  life  representing  a  brace 
of  grouse,  unusually  well  handled. 

An  exquisite  little  scene  in  water  color,  entitled  "A  Glimpse  of  Sedan,' 
with  its  church  steeples  in  the  distance,  suggests  the  famous  "Angelus"  in  its 
atmospheric  effects  and  simplicity  of  composition ;  the  artist  is  Emma  Gates, 
of  Sedan. 

A  head  of  Voltaire,  by  Carrie  B.  Gould,  of  Leavenworth,  deserves  special 
mention.  Also  a  head  of  Gambetta,  in  charcoal,  by  the  same  artist,  and  a 
fine  equestrian  piece.  A  water  color,  "On  the  Missouri  River,"  is  also  her 
work. 

"The  Last  Leap"  is  a  fine  representation  of  a  stag,  pursued  by  hounds, 
leaping  over  a  precipice;  a  lead-pencil  piece,  by  Miss  Kittie  Squires,  of 
Beloit. 

The  fort  or  barricade  used  by  John  Brown,  of  Harper's  Ferry  fame,  is  an 
ambush  carrying  the  mind  back  to  the  early  struggles  of  Kansas;  the  work 
of  Mrs.  E.  A.  Buchanan,  of  Fulton. 

A  basket  of  luscious  Catawba  grapes  by  Mrs.  J.  G.  Ogden,  of  Fort  Scott. 
A  true  representation  of  the  land  of  corn  and  grapes. 

"Sunny  Kansas"  is  a  picture  full  of  sunshine,  warmth,  and  beauty,  of  the 
Italian  school  of  painting.  The  group  of  cows  in  the  foreground,  anxiously 
awaiting  for  the  tardy  milkmaid,  is  a  charming  rural  scene,  painted  by  Miss 
Mary  Chamberlain,  and  loaned  by  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  lola. 

A  water  color  of  flowers,  with  delicate  transparent  petals,  is  entitled  to 
more  than  ordinary  notice.  The  artist  is  Mrs.  Flora  Campbell,  of  Circleville. 

"Alcove  Springs,"  on  Big  Blue  river,  Marshall  county,  was  an  historical 
resting  place  of  overland  trains  bound  for  golden  California.  It  is  the  work 
of  Mamie  Shroyer,  of  that  county,  and  well  done. 

"Moses  and  the  Law,"  a  piece  in  black  and  white,  is  a  fine  study  in  light 
and  shade,  by  Orpha  Appleman,  of  El  Dorado. 

A  large  pencil  drawing  of  the  emblems  of  the  Daughters  of  Rebekah,  de- 
signed by  Mrs.  J.  C.  Trotter,  of  Wichita,  showed  remarkable  skill  and  inge- 
nuity in  designing.  It  was  the  magnet  toward  which  the  "  Daughters "  who 
visited  this  room  were  irresistibly  drawn.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  room 
hung  a  tapestry  painting  by  the  same  artist  —  the  banner  of  "Wichita  chari- 
ies,"  which  represented  the  orphans'  home,  hospitals,  churches,  etc. 


46  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

11  The  Eastern  Star  "  was  exhibited  for  awhile  in  the  state  building,  and  then 
moved  to  the  woman's  building.  It  was  a  massive,  elaborate  piece  of  work ; 
the  frame,  of  native  walnut,  was  carved  in  an  artistic  design.  Only  a  genius 
could  have  planned  and  executed  it ;  a  fact  that  all  will  admit,  when  I  give 
the  name  of  Mrs.  Hepler,  of  Fort  Scott,  as  the  designer. 

"The  Spirit  of  Kansas,"  by  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Weston,  aged  76  years,  was  exe- 
cuted on  a  large  canvas.  It  represented  a  lovely  young  girl,  holding  in  one 
hand  the  white  dove  of  peace,  and  mounted  on  a  horse  going  at  full  speed. 
The  delicate  coloring  of  her  flowing  drapery  and  golden  hair  blended  beauti- 
fully, and  the  large,  expressive  eyes  gave  a  spirit  of  animation  to  the  whole. 

"The  Prohibition  Sunflower,"  a  collossal  flower,  on  whose  yellow  petals 
were  given  the  statistics  of  what  prohibition  has  done  for  the  state,  also  quo- 
tations from  some  of  the  well-known  men  of  Kansas  on  the  subject  of  prohi- 
bition, notable  among  them  Senator  P.  B.  Plumb.  This  is  the  work  of  Miss 
Lou  Mattoon,  of  Topeka,  for  the  temperance  club  of  Shawnee  county.  Pro- 
hibitionists from  all  over  the  United  States  have  made  extracts  from  it. 

"American  Woman  and  Her  Political  Peers,"  the  design  of  Mrs.  H.  B. 
Wall,  of  Hutchinson,  executed  by  W.  A.  Ford,  of  the  same  place.  The  cen- 
ter is  a  fine  portrait  of  Frances  E.  Willard,  the  world-renowned  leader  of  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  organization.  In  the  corners  are  the  pictures  of  a  convict,  an 
imbecile,  a  lunatic,  and  an  Indian — the  political  peers  of  the  grand  central 
figure.  It  was  certainly  a  forcible  if  not  a  flattering  story  teller. 

Among  the  collection  was  a  fine  sketch  by  M.  L.  Simpson ;  also,  a  head  of 
Columbus,  done  by  Hattie  Sill,  of  Eureka,  which  was  specially  meritorious. 
A  small  painting  by  Mrs.  A.  S.  Bronson,  was  also  much  admired.  A  fine 
marine  scene,  "  The  Shipwreck,"  by  Mrs.  Chase,  of  Holton,  is  worthy  of  close 
study.  A  pen  picture  by  Mrs.  Betty  Saunders,  of  Independence,  is  skillfully 
drawn.  Another  pen  picture,  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Leavenworth,  by  one 
of  its  inmates,  Carl  Hartman,  was  a  fine  piece  of  work.  A  picture  by 
M.  Mathews,  "The  Camp  Fire,"  loaned  by  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of 
Ottawa,  was  a  creditable  effort. 

A  portrait  of  the  head  of  a  young  girl,  beautifully  done  in  oil,  by  Mrs.  M. 
E.  Patrick,  of  Concordia,  which  was  remarkable  for  strength  and  finish. 

A  beautiful  panel  of  flowers  for  a  mantelpiece  was  the  work  of  Mrs.  Cord- 
rey,  of  Minneapolis. 

Small  drawings  on  cardboard,  by  Arthur  Jamieson,  were  well  executed. 

PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Views  of  prominent  places  in  Arkansas  City. 

A  large  picture  containing  six  of  the  large  buildings  in  Trego  county. 

Views  of  the  school  buildings  in  El  Dorado. 

Picture  of  public  library  in  Independence. 

Six  different  views  of  Soldiers'  Home,  Leavenworth. 

Picture  of  public  library,  Cawker  City. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  47 

Different  views  of  Concordia,  prominent  among  which  were  the  "Barons 
House"  and  the  residence  of  Gol.  N.  B.  Brown. 

Views  in  Butler  county. 

Numerous  views  of  the  opening  of  the  Cherokee  strip,  showing  a  motley 
crowd  of  boomers  and  land  sharks  rushing  pellmell  for  the  registration  place, 
the  work  of  Miller,  of  Arkansas  City. 

Sets  of  views  of  Indians,  in  groups  and  in  war  dances,  with  all  their  para- 
phernalia of  paint  and  feathers. 

Photograph  of  Mrs.  L.  A.  B.  Steele,  an  historic  character,  and  belongs  to 
that  collection ;  also  one  of  Mrs.  DeGeer,  of  the  same  collection. 

A  fine  photograph  of  W.  H.  Smith,  of  Marysville,  Secretary  of  the  old 
Board  of  AVorlds'  Fair  Managers. 

Portrait  of  Mrs.  Wilson,  of  Lawrence,  a  noted  temperance  worker.  Also 
photographs  of  the  Mary  Somerville  Library  Society. 

Among  the  miscellaneous  decorations  was  a  frame  composed  of  spools,  with 
embroidered  center,  the  work  of  the  sewing  women  of  Lyon  county. 

Banner  of  white  silk,  bordered  with  gold  fringe,  presented  to  Abraham 
Lincoln  by  the  students  of  Lombard,  in  1858,  belonging  to  the  historical 
society. 

An  old  flag,  made  in  1776,  and  carried  in  the  battle  of  Plattsburg  and 
other  battles  in  1812;  embroidered  on  white  silk,  an  eagle  and  shield,  loaned 
by  Mr.  Sholes,  of  Olathe,  to  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club. 

Paper  cuttings,  by  Miss  Laura  Hoyt,  of  Lyons,  cut  without  rule  ;  leaf 
work  and  scroll  work,  on  dark  background,  with  common  scissors,  sent  by 
the  ladies  of  Lyons. 

Paper  cuttings,  by  Mary  A.  Hunt,  delicate  as  frost  work  on  a  window 
pane,  of  trees  and  ferns;  a  little  scene  representing  a  man,  horse,  child,  and 
dog.  Mrs.  Hunt  is  75  years  of  age. 

Several  designs  in  paper  cutting,  by  Mrs.  Christine  M.  Haily,  a  German 
woman,  of  Fort  Leavenworth ;  so  delicate  that  it  resembled  seaweed. 

Exhibits  on  Second  Floor,  Woman's  Room. 

On  the  right,  and  just  beyond  the  door  opening  into  the  open  court,  as 
you  entered  the  room  from  the  ladies'  parlor,  stood  a  large  rye-straw  work- 
basket,  fully  equipped  with  all  the  necessary  needles,  thread,  buttons,  scis- 
sors, etc.,  with  which  to  repair  rents  in  garments;  and  many  visitors  to  the 
Kansas  building  took  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  repair  a  torn  dress  or 
replace  buttons  that  were  lost  off  their  shoes.  Then  it  was  gotten  up  in  such 
an  attractive  style  that  it  was  a  thing  of  beauty  as  well  as  of  use.  It  be- 
longed to  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  Fort  Scott,  of  which  Mrs.  Hepler 
and  Mrs.  Goodlander  were  the  principal  managers. 

Beside  it  stood  an  upright  double-decked  show  case,  the  lower  deck  filled 
with  a  set  of  beautiful  China  belonging  to  J.  P.  Robens,  of  Fort  Scott,  exhib- 
ited by  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  that  place.  The  design  of  decora- 


48  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair, 

tion  was  Gen.  Phil.  Kearny's  headquarters.  The  upper  deck  was  filled 
with  pieces  of  rare  China  from  different  parts  of  the  state,  all  exquisitely  de- 
signed and  remarkably  well  done.  The  exhibitors  were  Mrs.  Westervelt 
McGill,  Mrs.  J.  K.  Oliver,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Heine,  Miss  Goodlander,  of  Fort 
Scott;  Mrs.  McFadden,  of  Kansas  City;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Turner,  Mrs.  L.  W. 
Fisher,  and  Miss  Nellie  Mitchner,  of  Newton;  Mrs.  Flora  Campbell,  of  Cir- 
cleville ;  Mrs.  Emma  Gates,  of  Sedan ;  Mrs.  Dr.  Condit,  of  Atchison ;  Mrs.  M. 
Beck,  of  Holton  —  a  rare  and  beautiful  collection  of  the  handiwork  of  Kan- 
sas women.  In  the  front  were  four  sterling  silver  souvenir  spoons,  one  a  de- 
sign of  General  Kearny's  headquarters,  belonging  to  Fort  Scott;  one  to 
Holton,  a  design  of  Holton;  two  were  the  exhibit  of  Miss  Julia  Officer, 
"Westward  Ho!"  and  "Buffalo  Bill's  Wild  West." 

There  were  several  pots  of  plants  between  this  case  and  a  flat  show  case  be- 
longing to  Kansas  City;  in  one  corner  of  the  same  were  displayed  rose  stones 
from  Salina.  The  rest  of  the  case  was  given  up  to  a  cream  opera  cloak  and 
sacque,  lined  with  delicate  pink  satin,  beautifully  and  wonderfully  embroid- 
ered in  silken  morning-glories;  displayed  by  Mrs.  Holmes,  of  Minneapolis, 
who  studied  the  fine  arts  in  the  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Chicago. 

The  next  piece  was  the  "Artist's  Companion,"  exhibited  by  the  Woman's 
Columbian  Club  of  Manhattan,  one  of  the  handiest  of  articles ;  a  neat  stand, 
containing  a  box  that  will  hold  all  necessary  paint,  brushes,  canvas,  etc., 
with  a  comfortable  three-legged  stool,  is  folded  up  into  a  neat  size,  light  and 
easy  to  handle,  a  veritable  boon  to  a  field  artist ;  the  invention  of  Mrs.  Annie 
Buchanan,  of  Manhattan. 

The  China  case  belonging  to'  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  Wichita 
was  literally  filled  with  plaques,  platters,  plates,  pictures,  jardinieres,  bon- 
bons, bowls,  cups  and  saucers,  candlesticks,  etc.  It  excited  the  attention  of 
all  the  visitors  to  the  Kansas  building.  The  following-named  ladies  deserve 
credit  for  filling  this  fine  case  with  handsome  China  of  their  own  handiwork: 
Mrs.  Edward  Vail,  Mrs.  Oscar  Smith,  Mrs.  S.  W.  Norris,  Mrs.  Pattie  Strong, 
Mrs.  S.  D.  Hersey,  Mrs.  Charles  Sharp,  Mrs.  and  Miss  Pratt,  Mrs.  Frank 
Smith,  Miss  Emily  Jekyll,  and  Mrs.  Fabrique. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  room  stood  a  large  and  well-made  oak  sideboard, 
the  work  of  the  pupils  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  institute,  at  Olathe,  finished 
at  the  top  with  a  handsome  plate-glass  mirror,  under  a  shelf,  on  which  rested 
a  panel  of  hand-painted  flowers,  the  work  of  the  same  institute. 

On  the  left  of  the  door,  on  the  same  side  of  the  room,  stood  a  table  upon 
which  rested  a  design  of  Salina  Acme  cement  plaster,  6x2  J  feet  in  size,  of  a 
scene  in  a  threshing  field,  true  to  that  great  wheat-growing  section,  and  sug- 
gestive of  the  richness  of  the  soil  in  that  part  of  Kansas ;  there  were  a  great 
many  stacks  of  grain,  a  steam  thresher,  plenty  of  hands,  teams  and  wagons 
to  haul  away  the  grain,  and  everybody  connected  with  it  seemed  to  be  work- 
ing hard  to  finish  the  half-done  stack  before  the  setting  sun.  The  work  was 
executed  by  Miss  Putnam,  of  Salina,  for  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of 
that  place. 


XX.— PYRAMID  OF  GRASSES,  west  wing— Kansas  Building.    (Page  25.) 


»'»* 


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4   E 

CD 

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Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  49 

On  the  west  side  was  another  patent,  the  "Universal  Adjustable  Table," 
exhibited  by  Emma  Hughes,  of  Wichita.  As  a  household  article,  for  office 
and  studio,  it  is  invaluable.  The  shelf  is  supported  so  as  to  admit  of  its  ad- 
justment to  any  angle  or  incline.  It  is  also  provided  with  a  rotary  and  ver- 
tical adjustment,  which  permits  the  person  using  it  to  readily  adjust  the  shelf 
to  the  desired  position  or  height.  It  is  not  complicated,  presents  a  neat  ap- 
pearance, and  can  be  folded  into  a  compact  form  when  not  in  use. 

On  the  same  table  was  a  revolving  sad  iron,  exhibited  by  Mrs.  Mary 
Sutton,  of  Lawrence,  consisting  of  a  revolving  sad  iron  and  fluting  iron  com- 
bined, with  a  small  gasoline  tank  attached  to  one  end.  A  small  tube  is  con- 
nected with  this  tank  and  conducted  to  the  interior  of  the  square  space 
formed  by  the  irons,  giving  sufficient  heat  to  last  during  the  progress  of  a 
large  ironing.  Mrs.  Sutton  was  awarded  a  diploma  and  gold  medal  from  the 
Paris  academy  of  inventors,  which  was  a  high  compliment,  and  she  no  doubt 
has  a  fortune  in  her  invention,  having  already  refused  quite  a  sum  for  her 
patent. 

By  the  side  of  this  was  another  patent,  of  Mrs.  M.  Lamont,  of  Lincoln, 
a  broom  catch,  which  is  made  of  heavy  rubber.  It  is  slipped  over  the  end 
of  the  handle  and  pressed  down  far  enough  to  hold  it  in  place,  a  projection 
on  either  side  enabling  one  to  catch  it  onto  wainscoting,  the  side  of  kitchen 
table,  etc.,  thus  preventing  the  old  worry  of  the  broom  falling  against  the  side 
of  a  room,  knocking  off  plaster,  or  doing  other  damage. 

These  patents  hav«  been  examined  by  a  great  many  people,  and  many 
praises  bestowed  on  the  ingeuity  of  the  brain  that  devised  them. 

An  old  spinning  wheel,  made  in  Strasburg  in  1620,  and  brought  to  this 
country  some  time  in  1700,  is  the  property  of  Mrs.  L.  G.  Hall,  Labette. 

Here  was  a  handsomely  carved  cabinet.  The  designs  were  ears  of  corn, 
heads  of  wheat,  grapes,  and  sunflowers ;  one  of  the  finest  pieces  on  the  whole 
grounds ;  so  clearly  cut  one  could  look  at  it  and  know  at  once  that  it  meant 
Kansas.  This  valuable  cabinet  was  the  design  and  work  of  Miss  Annie  Covell, 
and  belongs  to  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  El  Dorado.  Beside  it  was  a 
huge  square  case,  resting  on  a  table,  for  the  display  of  needlework.  In  the 
case  was  a  handsome  white  linen  dress,  cleverly  decorated  in  drawn  work,  by 
Mrs.  Wolfang,  Concordia. 

There  were  also  centerpieces,  table  spreads,  doilies,  tidies,  handkerchiefs, 
lace,  mitts,  etc.,  exhibited  by  the  following  ladies :  Mrs.  C.  C.  Wheeler  and 
Carrie  Pierce,  Maysville;  Mrs.  Holmes,  Cynthia  Bristol,  Hortense  Bailey, 
Gertie  Bailey,  Mrs.  E.  N.  Bailey,  and  Mrs.  James  Cleveland,  of  Bailey ville; 
Mrs.  Rose  Stapleton,  of  Fulton;  Mrs.  Churchill,  Miss  Laura  Goodlander, 
Lena  Holin,  and  Mrs.  Durkee,  Fort  Scott;  Mrs.  Emma  E.  Gates,  Mrs.  Jane 
Graham,  Ada  Hosford,  of  Sedan;  Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  Mankato;  Mrs.  J.  D. 
Thompson,  Mrs.  Thomas  White,  Mary  L.  Robins,  Mrs.  M.  C.  Tillotson,  Law- 
rence ;  point  lace,  Mrs.  Fitzgerald,  Dodge  City ;  Mrs.  Feo  Parris,  Newton ; 
Mrs.  Dr.  Pettijohn,  Hoyt;  point  lace,  Mrs.  Olson,  St.  Marys;  Mrs.  Rose  Ste- 
phenson,  Fulton;  Miss  Nellie  Keith,  Mrs.  Sarah  Stebbins,  Atchison;  Woman's 


50  'Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

Columbian  Club,  Girard;  Mrs.  L.  M.  Verbeck,  Girard;  Mrs.  M.  Enystone, 
Mi's.  M.  Burrell,  Mrs.  Wolfang,  Concordia;  Rilla  Brown,  Marion;  Mrs.  Mar- 
tie  Beck,  and  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club,  Holton ;  Mrs.  M.  Klasson,  Pa- 
ola;  crocheted  bedspread  and  bolster  sham,  by  Mrs.  Ida  Howard,  Wichita; 
crazy- work  throw,  by  Mrs.  A.  C.  Cowles,  Emporia;  patchwork  quilt,  by  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Crandall,  Manhattan ;  very  old  coverlid,  by  Mrs.  Denton,  of  Denton- 
ville ;  fancy  painted  articles,  Nellie  Jackson,  of  Junction  City ;  fancy  articles 
made  of  celluloid,  A.  W.  Teachant,  Atchison,  exhibited  by  Mrs.  S.  S.  Steb- 
bins,  Atchison ;  bonnet  made  of  corn  husks,  by  Alice  Stebbins,  Atchison ; 
cloth  made  of  hibiscus  bark  by  native  women  of  Micronesia,  sent  by  a  mis- 
sionary to  Mrs.  S.  Stebbins,  of  Atchison,  and  exhibited  by  her;  flowers,  Mrs. 
M.  Parks,  Mankato,  Mrs.  J.  G.  Cole;  handsome  handkerchief  box  of  glass 
and  yellow  ribbon,  Mrs.  C.  F.  Martin,  Fort  Scott. 

By  the  side  of  this  case  stood  a  rye-straw  center  table.  The  top  was  cov- 
ered with  crimson  plush,  and  on  it  rested  a  small  straw  workbasket.  Both 
were  the  work  of  Mrs.  Geo.  E.  Wright,  Delphos.  The  workmanship  was  so 
unique  that  it  merits  special  mention.  How  a  thing  so  exquisite  could  be 
made  of  straw,  as  finely  twisted  and  woven  as  the  finest  Milo  or  Tuscan  straw, 
was  the  continual  topic  of  interest  to  admiring  visitors. 

In  the  southwest  corner  was  a  fine  collection  of  Indian  relics,  representing 
the  tribes  in  possession  of  Kansas  when  the  early  settlers  went  in  to  take  the 
land  and  make  homes:  Comanche  war  bonnet,  Cheyenne  and  Arapahoe 
shields,  totem  pole,  war  flag,  spear,  bows  and  arrows,  and  numerous  photo- 
graphs, the  property  of  Mrs.  Fisher,  of  Atchison. 

A  carved  cabinet,  massive  and  elaborate,  represented  three  months'  labor, 
the  designing  and  execution  being  done  by  Mrs.  Emma  Gates,  of  Sedan.  On 
the  lower  drawers  were  carved  designs  of  oak  leaves  and  acorns,  with  two 
branches  tied  together  with  bowknots.  Just  above,  at  the  right  side  of  the 
case,  was  a  small  drawer  decorated  with  carved  designs  of  maple  leaves  and 
blossoms.  Above  the  small  drawer  was  a  door  with  designs  of  sycamore 
leaves  and  balls.  Above  the  door  was  a  shelf  backed  by  a  French  mirror, 
with  carved  brackets  of  ivy  leaves.  The  back  panel  of  the  top  of  the  case 
was  a  design  of  dogwood  blossoms.  The  left  side  of  the  case  had  three 
shelves.  All  the  trimmings  were  of  solid  brass.  The  case  was  made  entirely 
of  sweet  gum  wood,  and  was  58  inches  high  and  33  inches  in  width.  On  the 
top  of  the  case  were  two  pieces  of  statuary — one  a  child's  head  in  clay,  touch- 
ingly  lifelike;  the  soft  curls  seemed  ready  to  lift  with  the  breeze,  and  the 
sweet  mouth  to  open.  The  other  represented  two  country  urchins,  arm  in 
arm,  rugged  and  happy,  "creeping  like  snails"  unwillingly  to  school,  carved 
from  stone.  These  were  the  work  of  a  self-taught  woman,  of  Topeka — Mrs. 
Clara  Barton. 

Kansas,  of  course,  had  a  Mayflower  relic,  in  the  form  of  an  old  straight- 
backed  chair,  still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  with  the  following  inscrip- 
tion on  the  back:  "England  was  my  birthplace,  the  Mayflower  my  cradle, 
Plymouth  Rock  my  refuge,  Massachusetts  the  heydey  of  my  youth,  Bosco- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  51 

wan,  N.  H.,  my  attic  prison  bouse,  and  Kansas  my  last  hope  and  redemption. 
My  early  friends  were  Miles  Standish,  the  stalwart  captain,  and  John  Alden, 
the  scholar;  and  my  latest  friend,  whose  household  god  I  now  am,  lives  on 
the  boundless  prairies  of  Kansas ;  her  name  is  Mrs.  L.  W.  Harris,  of  Milton- 
vale." 

On  the  east  wall,  over  the  design  of  the  Daughters  of  Rebekah,  was  a  de- 
sign of  sunflowers,  spelling  "The  Sunflower  State,"  each  letter  being  made 
up  of  small  sunflowers,  contributed  by  the  Ladies'  Club  of  Minneapolis. 

A  Greek  vase,  made  entirely  of  oats,  stood  near  the  case  of  China,  designed 
and  made  by  Mrs.  H.  H.  Kern,  of  Bonner  Springs.  It  was  a  classic  piece  of 
bric-a-brac. 

On  the  side  of  the  room,  near  the  cabinet  already  mentioned,  stood  a  show 
case  holding  the  exhibit  of  the  Pansy  Club,  of  Topeka,  consisting  of  16  China 
dinner  plates,  with  the  initials  of  the  young  ladies  belonging  to  the  club,  and 
one  very  large  plate.  All  were  beautifully  decorated  in  wreaths  of  gorgeous 
pansies.  A  more  artistic  and  fitting  exhibit  and  design  could  not  have  been 
proposed  for  this  club ;  and  there  was  a  constant  inquiry  as  to  whether  those 
plates  were  for  sale  or  not.  In  one  end  of  this  case  lay  the  exhibit  of  the 
Plain  Sewing  Club,  of  Topeka  —  a  baby's  wardrobe.  Young  mothers  were 
seen  standing  in  groups  around  this  exhibit  and  asking  for  patterns  of  the 
snug,  easy-fitting  garments.  The  sewing  was  perfect ;  every  stitch  seemed  to 
tell  its  own  story  of  the  faithful  workers. 

Another  case  held  miscellaneous  articles:  Among  them  a  book  of  Cove- 
nanter sermons,  published  in  the  north  of  Scotland  in  1680,  the  property  of 
Mr.  Stark,  of  Topeka.  A  deed  from  William  Penn  to  a  tract  of  land,  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  The  deed  was  made  on  calf,  and,  while  the  document 
shows  age,  the  autograph  of  William  Penn,  the  peacemaker,  stands  out  as 
plainly  as  though  written  but  yesterday ;  the  property  of  Thomas  Buckman.  A 
paper  published  in  Vicksburg  during  the  siege,  printed  on  wall  paper,  show- 
ing the  terrible  straits  they  were  in  for  material  from  the  outside,  yet  the 
doubting  editor  still  tried  to  keep  up  the  spirits  of  his  people  by  telling 
them  that  Grant  was  in  a  hard  row  of  stumps.  This  is  the  property  of  Mrs. 
M.  E.  Rowley,  Olathe. 

Those  curios  should,  and  no  doubt  will,  find  their  way  to  the  historical 
rooms  of  the  statehouse.  Two  old  pieces,  dating  back  to  1600,  a  piece  of 
linen,  and  a  silver  teaspoon  dented  by  babies'  teeth,  were  the  property  of 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  Mankato ;  old  linen  towel,  Mrs.  Cynthia  Bristol ;  skeins 
of  silk  from  Wichita;  an  array  of  fancy  articles,  such  as  pincushions,  card 
receivers,  etc.,  made  of  "devil  claw  birds,"  natives  of  Ellis  county,  a  novel 
but  taking  collection,  the  contribution  of  Mrs.  Gilkerson,  of  Hays  City;  two 
fan-shaped  ornaments  made  by  Robert  Hogoboon,  of  Norton  county. 

On  the  east  wall  was  an  immense  sunflower  with  soft  felt  petals. 

In  the  center  of  the  room  stood  a  large,  plain  table,  with  a  silver  plate 
bearing  the  inscription:  "The  Woman's  Columbian  Club,  Westmoreland, 
Pottawatomie  County."  This  was  a  useful  as  well  as  an  ornamental  piece  of 


52  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

furniture.  On  the  center  was  placed  a  straw  basket,  the  work  belonging  to 
the  Fort  Scott  collection.  It  was  filled  with  cards  that  were  dropped  into  it 
by  visitors  at  the  building.  On  one  corner  lay  the  "  Historical  Church  Charts," 
bound  in  seven  volumes.  Each  chart  contained  pictures  of  the  first  and  last 
pastor  of  its  respective  church,  and  of  the  church.  These  are  now  placed  in 
the  historical  room.  The  designer  was  Mrs.  J.  C.  Trotter,  of  Wichita. 

Bound  copies  of  The  Wilsonton  Journal,  by  Mrs.  A.  Wilson,  of  Parsons; 
books  by  different  Kansas  authors ;  book  of  photographs  of  Concordia,  Kas. ; 
photographs  of  views  of  Parsons;  books  and  pamphlets  from  all  over  the 
state,  giving  history  of  organization  of  counties,  work  of  women,  women 
wage-earners,  etc.,  gotten  up  by  the  women's  Columbian  clubs.  They  were 
fine  statistical  reports  and  should  go  to  the  historical  rooms. 

On  a  stand  near  by  lay  two  German  Bibles,  more  than  150  years  old,  the 
property  of  Henry  Brandley,  of  Matfield  Green,  of  great  interest  to  antiqua- 
rians. Opposite  this,  on  the  wall,  hung  two  large  bunches  of  mammoth 
white  corn,  from  the  farm  of  Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  of  Jewell  county.  Evidently 
the  visitors  considered  it  good  corn,  for  it  was  entirely  stripped  of  every  ker- 
nel long  before  the  close  of  the  exposition. 

This  room  was  bordered  by  a  frieze  of  buff  and  white  tulle,  emblematic  of 
temperance  and  suffrage.  In  the  center,  overhead,  was  a  beautiful  design  in 
the  same  colors,  laid  in  many  folds,  representing  the  "  Eastern  Star." 

This  room  was  supplied  with  settees,  rockers,  and  other  chairs,  for  the  con- 
venience and  comfort  of  weary  pedestrians. 

Ladies'  Parlor. 

Directly  at  the  head  of  the  stair,  on  the  second  floor,  was  the  door  leading 
into  the  ladies'  reception  room,  better  known  as  the  "Sunflower  Room,"  on  ac- 
count of  the  elaborate  frieze  composed  of  the  Kansas  floral  emblem.  This 
gorgeous  decoration  was  designed  and  contributed  by  the  Ladies'  Columbian 
Club  of  Leavenworth,  of  which  Mrs.  A.  R.  Massey  was  president.  It  is  safe 
to  say  that  it  was  more  universally  admired  than  any  other  interior  decora- 
tion. 

On  the  wall,  near  the  door,  was  a  portrait  of  children,  painted  from  life, 
by  Mrs.  James  G.  Ogden.  Beside  this,  a  large,  five-paneled  art  screen,  the 
work  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  pupils,  of  Olathe,  beautifully  decorated  with  hand- 
painted  wild  flowers — sunflowers,  wild  roses,  morning-glories,  and  fleur-de-lis, 
interspersed  with  wild  birds.  The  screen  was  loaned  by  Proi  _sor  Walker. 
Near  this  screen  hung  the  sunflower  clock,  designed  and  made  by  the  Riley 
County  Columbian  Club,  carved  from  one  piece  of  native  walnut.  The 
petals  of  the  sunflowers  were  made  from  native  Osage  orange.  This  unique 
clock  was  a  fine  timekeeper,  and  marked  the  hours  of  the  great  Columbian 
fair  from  the  opening  ceremonies  to  the  lowering  of  the  flags  that  floated  over 
the  "White  City."  The  window  near  the  clock  was  draped  in  rich,  old-gold 
hangings,  finished  with  plush  balls  of  a  delicate  gray  tint,  loaned  by  the 
ladies  of  Lawrence.  Under  the  clock  sat  a  massive  oak  rocker;  the  uphol- 


™ 


XXVI.— NORTH  AMERICAN  MAMMALS— Kansas  Building.    Exhibited  by 
the  State  University.    (Page  34.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  53 

stery  was  heavy  corduroy,  and  the  back  was  covered  by  a  pillow,  handsomely 
embroidered  in  a  design  of  sunflowers,  the  work  of  the  Woman's  Columbian 
Club  of  Wamego,  and  made  especially  for  the  Columbian  Exposition. 

Between  the  windows  on  the  same  side  of  the  room  was  a  massive  mantel, 
designed  and  made  by  the  Ladies'  Columbian  Club  of  Girard.  This  was  so 
different  in  style  and  finish  from  the  ordinary  mantels  that  it  attracted  much 
attention.  The  tilings  on  one  side  of  the  fireplace  represented  a  stalk  of  sun- 
flowers, and  the  other,  corn  and  sunflowers.  On  the  tiling  over  the  fireplace 
was  a  view  of  Clear  creek,  Crawford  county,  very  skillfully  done.  On  the 
shelf  in  front  of  the  French  mirror  stood  a  vase,  the  well-known  work  of  Mrs. 
Heine,  of  Fort  Scott;  and  another,  by  Mrs.  Swanson,  of  Newton,  a  very 
beautiful  thing,  much  admired  on  account  of  its  delicate  designs.  Two  long- 
necked  Grecian  vases  were  placed  in  the  upper  recesses,  the  work  of  the 
women  of  Girard. 

The  niche  formed  by  the  mantel  made  room  for  a  pretty  piece  of  furniture ; 
and  built,  as  it  seemed,  expressly  for  it,  was  a  settee  of  native  oak,  upholstered 
with  blue  plush,  the  cushions  embroidered  with  sunflowers.  In  one  of  the 
fan-shaped  corners  were  the  words,  "  Greenwood  County,  Kansas,"  on  the  flat 
surface. 

Across  the  corner  was  a  handsome  divan,  upholstered  in  danesse  of  terra 
cotta,  brocaded  designs  of  native  flowers,  and  "Bourbon  County"  embroidered 
in  silk  across  the  lower  part  of  the  back. 

A  chair  of  native  oak  was  elaborately  carved  with  designs  in  oak  leaves. 
The  back  consisted  of  one  piece,  with  "Ottawa  County"  carved  across  the  top. 
The  seat  was  upholstered  with  leather,  stamped  with  the  same  design  in  oak 
leaves  and  scroll  work.  The  chair  was  contributed  by  the  Woman's  Colum- 
bian Club  of  Ottawa  County. 

Under  the  beautifully  decorated  Franklin  county  window  stood  a  divan  of 
black  walnut,  upholstered  in  silk  brocatle,  plain  but  very  rich,  from  La  Cygne. 

The  ladies  of  Ottawa,  particularly  Mrs.  C.  F.  Briggs,  deserve  all  the  credit 
of  thaartistic  draping  of  the  three  south  windows.  Many  a  newspaper  woman 
found  material  for  the  woman's  column  of  her  paper  from  them.  The  mate- 
rial was  yellow  and  white  China  silk,  finished  with  a  frieze  of  the  same  colors. 
The  middle  window  was  a  beautifully  decorated  white  glass,  with  designs  of 
sunflower  and  corn,  and  the  words,  "Ottawa,  Franklin  County,  Kansas." 
The  decorations  above,  below  and  between  these  windows  were  puffings  of 
pale  green  satin ;  between  each  puff  were  photographic  views  of  residences  in 
Ottawa. 

In  the  southeast  corner  stood  a  horn  chair  upholstered  in  leather,  with  a 
lovely  sunflower  design  in  the  seat,  and  a  leather  fringe  around  the  chair. 
This  chair  was  the  property  of  the  Ladies'  Reading  Club,  of  Junction  City. 
Numerous  applications  were  made  for  the  price  of  this  furniture,  and  many 
glanced  covetously  at  it. 

Near  it  was  another  horn  chair,  high  backed,  a  companion  piece  to  the  one 
just  mentioned,  upholstered  in  jaguar  skin.  Many  remarks  of  wonder  and 


54  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

admiration  were  bestowed  upon  these  two  chairs  that  seemed  to  vie  with  each 
other  in  the  favor  of  the  visitors.  The  latter  was  the  property  of  the  Woman's 
Columbian  Club  of  Dodge  City. 

Beside  these  was  the  Emporia  chair,  more  elaborately  carved  than  any 
other  piece  of  furniture  in  the  room.  The  termination  of  the  posts  were 
carved  ears  of  corn,  with  the  husk  turned  half  way  down.  The  upper  sec- 
tion of  the  back  represented  a  large  sunflower,  across  which  was  carved,  in 
raised  letters,  the  word  "  Emporia,"  while  the  lower  section  was  bordered  by 
sunflowers,  and  the  word  "  Kansas "  carved  across  it.  At  the  right  side  of 
the  seat  was  the  word  "Woman's,"  the  front  "Columbian,"  the  left  "Club." 
It  was  upholstered  in  bear  skin.  This  massive  piece  was  an  effective  orna- 
ment to  the  room. 

In  the  northeast  corner  stood  the  sunflower  chair  of  the  Woman's  Colum- 
bian Club  of  Troy,  Doniphan  county.  The  back  was  of  solid  black  walnut, 
overlaid  with  an  Osage-orange  sunflower.  The  seat  was  of  solid  walnut,  in- 
laid with  the  sunflower,  and  the  word  "Kansas."  The  front  of  the  seat  was 
inlaid  with  "Doniphan  County."  This  chair  needs  no  encomiums ;  the  work- 
manship speaks  for  itself.  Between  this  chair  and  the  piano  were  two  chairs 
contributed  by  the  Woman's  Club  of  Seneca.  The  frames  were  of  black 
walnut,  one  upholstered  in  light  terra  cotta  silk,  the  other  in  dark.  The 
top  panels  of  the  backs  were  carved  in  sunflowers;  the  front  of  the  chairs, 
with  the  word  "  Seneca." 

On  the  north  side  of  the  room  was  an  elegant  and  valuable  piano,  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Board  of  Managers  by  Geo.  P.  Bent  Piano  Company, 
of  Chicago,  and  by  them  presented  to  the  girls'  reformatory,  at  Beloit.  The 
same  style  and  make  of  piano  was  awarded  two  medals  and  two  diplomas  of 
the  hightest  honor  at  the  World's  Fair. 

The  window-door  opening  on  the  veranda  was  curtained  with  a  rich  linen 
scrim  with  a  deep  border  of  brown  silk  work  ( Kansas  silk ),  and  fringe  of 
linen  lace  made  by  Mrs.  Lathrop ;  the  curtain  was  the  work  of  Mrs.  McDan- 
iel,  both  of  Concordia. 

Between  the  parlor  and  the  historical  room,  the  doors  were  appropriately 
draped  with  portieres  of  Kansas  silk,  in  the  design  of  the  American  flag. 
The  white  raised  stars,  on  the  blue  field,  gave  a  striking  effect,  while  an  em- 
broidered dado  of  golden  sunflowers  finished  the  piece;  the  whole  conception 
and  design  was  unequaled  by  anything  of  a  like  nature  on  the  ground.  This 
was  contributed,  also,  by  the  Woman's  Club  of  Concordia,  whose  ruling 
spirit  is  Mrs.  N.  B.  Brown. 

Between  the  two  doors  hung  the  Jewell  county  banner,  the  body  of  cream 
silk  tapestry,  embroidered  in  yellow  silk;  a  genuine  Kansas  sunflower  in  the 
upper  left  corner,  a  stalk  of  corn  with  two  huge  ears,  suggestive  of  the  qual- 
ity of  corn  raised  in  that  county ;  the  lower  right  corner  in  golden  rod ;  the 
words,  "Jewell  the  banner  corn  county  of  Kansas.  Her  daughters  commem- 
orate her  glory,  1893."  The  word  "Jewell"  emblazoned  with  sparkling  jew- 
els. It  was  finished  in  heavy  gold  fringe  and  two  large  tassels.  The  draping 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  55 

was  a  rich  golden-brown  plush  scarf,  lined  with  rich  yellow  satin,  and  finished 
in  heavy  gold  fringe.  It  belongs  to  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  that 
county,  and  is  now  placed  in  the  statehouse. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  room,  near  the  piano,  was  the  Woman's  Relief 
Corps,  the  design  of  the  department  of  Kansas.  At  the  top  of  the  design  is 
our  country's  emblem,  from  whose  beak  extend  streamers  containing  the 
words  "Kansas  Woman's  Relief  Corps."  At  the  top,  "Firing  on  Fort  Sum- 
ter;"  in  the  scroll  at  the  right,  "Home,  Sweet  Home;"  at  the  left,  "Encamp- 
ment or  Reunion."  In  the  scroll  at  the  left  bottom  is  the  W.R.C.  badge; 
above  it  their  motto ;  below  it  the  words,  "  Protection  to  our  protectors."  In 
the  scroll  at  the  right  bottom  is  the  G.A. R.  badge;  above  it  the  word  "Com- 
rade;" below  it  the  words  "Our  Honored  Friends."  At  the  bottom  are  the 
"Willing  Hands."  In  the  oval  in  the  center  is  the  soldiers'  monument.  On 
each  side  of  the  monument  the  stars  and  stripes  hang  at  half  mast,  and  at 
the  top  the  seal  of  Kansas.  All  the  various  designs  are  symbolical,  and  teach 
lessons  of  patriotism  and  devotion  to  the  country  and  to  its  defenders.  The 
original  design  was  drawn  by  Mrs.  J.  C.  Trotter,  of  Wichita,  and  executed  on 
a  piece  of  Kansas-grown  oak  wood  by  Prof.  H.  Worrall,  of  Topeka.  The 
painting  was  done  by  Geo.  M.  Stone,  of  Topeka.  It  was  draped  with  six 
silken  flags,  which  gave  a  beautiful  and  touching  effect.  It  was  placed  in 
the  Kansas  building  by  Mrs.  Ida  Wilson  Moore,  past  department  president. 

One  of  the  portraits  in  the  room  was  that  of  a  child  with  golden  curls, 
with  the  new  moon  in  the  background,  done  by  Mrs.  M.  E.  Peck,  of  Concor- 
dia.  This  portrait  hung  over  the  mantel.  The  other  was  a  portrait  of  a 
beautiful  lady,  a  life  study. 

Over  one  of  the  doors  hung  a  study  of  the  passion  flower,  beautifully  done 
by  Mrs.  Westervelt  McGill,  of  Fort  Scott. 

Over  the  other  door  was  a  painting  of  Hutchinson's  mill,  by  Josie  Fur- 
man,  of  Marysville;  a  veritable  landmark,  truthfully  rendered. 

A  small  painting  of  sunflowers  and  a  panel  of  pansies  were  by  the  brush 
of  Mrs.  Cordrey. 

Over  the  piano  was  a  tapestry  painting  by  Miss  Kelly,  of  Leavenworth, 
a  colonial  scene;  a  young  gallant  in  a  three-cornered  hat,  and  a  dainty  miss 
in  a  short-waisted  frock,  tripping  daintily  over  the  lea. 

The  floor  was  covered  with  a  handsome  Wilton  rug,  in  terra  cotta  shades, 
that  harmonized  well  with  the  general  coloring  of  the  room.  It  was  furnished 
by  the  ladies  of  Newton. 

In  the  center  of  the  room  stood  a  table  in  mosaic  work  that  represented 
three  years'  work,  there  being  9,000  pieces  of  wood,  and  39  different  kinds. 
Exhibited  by  the  ladies'  club  of  Girard,  and  made  by  John  McCabe.  It  was 
an  exquisite  piece  of  workmanship. 

The  rug  at  the  head  of  the  stairs  belonged  to  the  ladies  of  Irving,  and  is 
now  in  the  "Old  Ladies'  Rest,"  at  Leavenworth. 

The  description  of  the  "sunflower  parlor"  would  be  incomplete  without 
mentioning  the  exquisite  banner  of  white  silk,  with  gold  lettering,  decorated 


56  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

with  the  floral  emblem  of  the  state  and  finished  with  gold  fringe  and  tassels. 

More  copies,  it  is  safe  to  say,  were  made  of  that  poem  than  of  any  piece  of 

literature  on  the  exposition  grounds.     One  stanza  in  particular  seemed  to  be 

the  keynote  of  this  exquisite  symphony  in  yellow : 

"  You  may  talk  about  yer  lilies,  yer  violets  and  yer  roses, 
Yer  asters  an'  yer  jasymines,  an'  all  yer  other  posies; 
I  '11  allow  they  all  'er  beauties,  'er  full  of  sweet  perfume, 
But  there 's  none  of  'em  a  patchin'  to  the  sunflowers  in  bloom." 

The  poem  was  composed  by  Albert  Bigelow  Paine,  and  the  artist  was 
Hannah  W.  Heine,  of  Fort  Scott. 

Historical  and   Reading  Room. 

The  walls  of  this  interesting  room  were  literally  covered  with  the  pictures 
hereafter  mentioned — pictures  of  men  past  and  present;  pictures  of  men  who 
made  our  state  what  it  is.  Each  picture  told  its  own  story.  Here,  above  all 
others,  was  the  place  for  study  and  meditation  — "  the  students'  corner."  The 
room  was  furnished  by  the  ladies  of  Topeka,  in  heavy  oak,  simple  and  sub- 
stantial— comfortable  settees,  easy  chairs,  rockers  and  other  chairs,  reading  ta- 
bles, on  which  were  found  the  latest  papers,  supplied  by  the  editors  of  Kansas 
and  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  convenient  writing  desks  and  newspaper  files. 
A  deep  frieze  of  cured  grasses,  made  by  the  ladies  of  Topeka,  the  late  Mrs. 
A.  G.  Stacey  being  the  designer,  (for  which  the  Board  of  Managers  take  this 
opportunity  to  express  their  heartfelt  thanks,)  bordered  the  tinted  walls. 
Straw  matting  covered  the  floor,  and  plain  light  curtains  shaded  the  windows. 

The  aim  of  the  historical  society  in  this  exhibit  was  fourfold:  (1)  To 
show  in  some  respects  the  growth  and  career  of  Kansas  from  the  beginning 
of  its  settlement;  (2)  to  contribute  to  the  interest  of  the  general  Kansas  ex- 
hibition ;  (3)  to  indicate,  through  an  exhibit  from  the  library  of  the  society, 
the  literary  work  and  thought  of  the  people  of  Kansas  from  the  earliest 
period ;  (4)  to  show  the  manner  in  which  the  state  has  undertaken  to  pre- 
serve and  perpetuate  the  materials  of  its  own  history  for  the  use  of  future 
generations,  and  at  the  same  time  to  make  such  material  useful  as  current  in- 
formation brought  into  one  accessible  place,  as  events  transpire  in  all  parts  of 
the  state,  from  day  to  day  and  from  week  to  week  throughout  every  year. 

The  society  hung  on  the  walls  of  the  reading  room  in  the  Kansas  build- 
ing over  100  pictures;  these  were,  in  part,  portraits  of  prominent  citizens  of 
the  state,  governors,  United  States  senators  and  representatives  in  Congress, 
and  of  others  distinguished  in  the  history  of  the  state  for  their  services  as 
pioneers  or  otherwise.  In  part,  they  were  pictures  representing  events  of 
some  special  historical  interest. 

Pictures  of  "  Old  John  Brown,"  taken  at  different  times  and  places,  were 
hung  on  every  side.  His  last  words,  in  his  own  handwriting,  hung  below 
one  of  them.  A  fine  bust  of  him  was  placed  on  a  shelf  near  by.  Many 
other  pictures  were  shown  in  album  cases.  Nearly  200  volumes  of  Kansas 
books  were  placed  in  the  exhibit;  books  of  Kansas  authorship  or  of  state 


fg 

si 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  57 

publication.  From  the  collection  of  bound  volumes  of  Kansas  newspapers 
in  the  library  of  the  sodiety,  which  number  in  all  nearly  10,000,  the  files  of 
two  counties  were  placed  in  the  exhibit,  those  of  Douglas,  one  of  the  older 
counties,  numbering  278  volumes,  and  those  of  Morton  county,  one  of  the 
newest,  numbering  22  volumes.  The  books  and  newspaper  files  were  placed 
in  the  room  of  the  educational  exhibit  in  the  Kansas  building. 

It  is  believed  that  the  historical  society's  exhibit  contributed  in  a  great 
measure  its  proper  share  toward  the  main  objects  of  the  Kansas  exhibit  at 
the  great  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

Gentlemen's  Parlor. 

Entering  this  room  through  a  double  door,  draped  with  olive-green  chenille 
curtains,  the  visitor  was  greeted  by  an  elaborate  display  of  the  work  of  the 
pupils  of  the  art  school,  of  Topeka.  The  walls  of  the  room  were  almost  en- 
tirely given  up  to  this  exhibit,  that  embraced  fine  specimen  portraits,  land- 
scapes, drawings  from  the  casts,  and  from  life.  Connoisseurs  pronounced  it 
one  of  the  finest  of  collections. 

A  tapestry  painting,  by  Mrs.  W.  J.  Balding,  of  Paola,  represented  a  beau- 
tiful lady  with  a  horn  of  plenty,  suggestive  of  the  land  of  plenty,  and  was  a 
genuine  inspiration  that  elicited  universal  praise. 

The  hat  rack,  of  buffalo  horns,  was  an  invitation  to  all  Kansans  to  make 
themselves  at  home ;  the  property  of  Mrs.  Turner,  of  La  Cygne. 

This  room  also  had  a  fine  piano,  the  loan  of  Geo.  P.  Bent,  of  Chicago. 

A  comfortable  couch,  furnished  by  the  ladies  of  Hiawatha,  has  been  the 
resting  place  for  many  noted  people. 

The  handsome  table  of  oak,  with  its  massive  legs  carved  in  oak  leaves,  as 
were  also  the  corners,  with  the  words  "Jackson  County,  Kansas,  1492-1892," 
on  the  top,  was  a  valuable  piece  of  furniture.  An  easy,  high-backed,  cherry- 
wood  chair,  upholstered  in  red  leather,  lent  a  touch  of  beauty  to  the  room. 
This  was  the  property  of  the  Woman's  Columbian  Club  of  Ellsworth. 

Comfortable  rockers  for  the  weary  sightseers  were  placed  here  and  there. 
A  screen  from  Mrs.  Lyman's  art  school,  decorated  artistically  with  long- 
legged  cranes  and  water  lilies.  The  window  hung  with  green  .silk  curtains, 
with  overcurtains  of  lace  netting  and  a  drapery  of  China  silk,  cream  ground, 
with  a  green  wandering  vine,  finished  with  white  tassels,  gave  a  pleasing 
effect  to  the  room.  The  window  doors  were  shaded  with  lace  netting. 

The  floor  was  covered  with  a  rich  Axminster  carpet,  shading .  from  a  rich 
brown  to  an  olive  green,  furnished  by  the  ladies  of  Beloit. 

Jelly   Exhibit  in   Horticultural   Building. 

The  ladies  of  the  state  formed  a  club,  of  which  Mrs.  J.  P.  Ross,  of  Law- 
rence, was  president,  for  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  with  which  to  erect  a 
wire  model  of  the  State  University,  to  be  placed  in  the  Kansas  state  build- 
ing. It  was  to  be  filled  with  jelly  from  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  lighted 


58  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

from  within  by  electric  light.  It  was  a  grand  idea,  but  a  lack  of  funds 
and  the  inactivity  of  the  legislature  prevented  the  plan  from  materializing. 
However,  many  of  the  ladies  had  purchased  the  glasses  at  great  expense,  as 
they  all  had  the  name  of  the  county  ground  in  the  glass,  and  did  not  like 
the  idea  of  giving  up  the  display.  There  being  no  possible  chance  of  an  ex- 
hibit of  fruit  until  it  had  time  to  grow,  the  Board  thought  it  a  good  plan  to 
put  up  a  dainty  little  pavilion  in  the  horticultural  building  and  fill  it  with 
the  jellies  and  preserved  and  dried  fruits. 

The  following  counties  contributed:  Butler,  Linn,  Ottawa,  Douglas,  Ne- 
maha,  Brown,  Wyandotte,  Cloud,  and  Labette.  Bottles  of  seeds  were  sent, 
and  beautiful  photos  of  Medicine  Lodge  sugar  works ;  also  several  fine  sam- 
ples of  sugar  and  sugar-cane  seed.  A  neat  pavilion  filled  with  this  display 
made  an  attractive  exhibit,*  and  when  it  was  proposed  to  remove  it  to  the 
Kansas  state  building,  the  officials  said:  "No;  that  is  the  prettiest  exibit  of 
jelly  in  the  building;  we  cannot  let  it  go." 

Horticultural. 

Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  Board,  Judge  F.  Wellhouse,  president 
of  the  State  Horticultural  Society,  was  made  superintendent  of  the  fruit  de- 
partment. In  the  month  of  April,  Mr.  Wellhouse  visited  Chicago,  for  the 
purpose  of  consulting  with  Mr.  Samuels,  chief  of  horticulture,  in-  regard  to 
filling  the  space  previously  assigned  to  Kansas  in  the  horticultural  building. 
This  space  consisted  of  two  blocks  in  the  north  wing,  of  120  square  feet  each 
of  floor  surface.  We  were  allowed  to  fill  these  two  blocks  with  canned  goods, 
seeds,  vegetables,  or  jellies.  We  had  also  secured  a  space  41  feet  long  and  14 
feet  wide  in  the  pomological  department,  which  was  to  be  filled  with  fruit. 

Barteldes  &  Co.,  a  large  seed  house  of  Lawrence,  filled  one  of  the  blocks 
with  a  very  fine  collection  of  seeds.  The  other  block  was  filled  with  a  splen- 
did collection  of  jellies  made  by  the  ladies  of  Kansas.  These  jellies  attracted 
a  great  deal  of  attention  and  were  not  excelled  by  any  on  exhibition. 

Ryan  &  Richardson,  of  Leavenworth,  who  own  the  largest  cold-storage 
plant  in  Kansas,  offered  space  in  their  building  free  of  cost  in  which  to  store 
fruit  before  shipping  to  Chicago.  We  gladly  availed  ourselves  of  this  kind 
offer,  and  Mr.  Wellhouse  made  headquarters  in  their  building. 

Secretary  Brackett  then  issued  the  following  circular: 

The  State  Board  of  Managers  for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  have  placed 
the  state  fruit  exhibit  in  charge  of  the  Kansas  State  Horticultural  Society,  under 
the  superintendency  of  Judge  F.  Wellhouse,  and  this  circular  is  sent  to  solicit  your 
cooperation  in  the  work  of  collecting  and  forwarding  to  him,  at  Leavenworth,  the 
finest  product  of  the  orchards  and  vineyards  of  your  county.  Undoubtedly  you 
fully  realize  the  importance,  at  this  time,  of  sustaining  the  high  reputation  which 
has  been  accorded  to  the  state  in  years  past,  as  the  most  favorable  fruit  region  in  the 

*The  vacant  spaces  on  the  pyramids  in  the  foreground  of  the  illustration  of  this  exhibit  is  explained 
by  the  fact  that  many  glasses  were  "lifted"  by  unscrupulous  souvenir  hunters.  A  constant  watch  had 
to  be  kept  over  many  exhibits  of  this  nature;  yet,  in  spite  of  all  our  watchfulness,  pilfering  was  carried 
on  to  an  alarming  extent. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  59 

West,  and  which  has  added  thousands  of  intelligent  fruit  culturists  to  her  popula- 
tion and  materially  increased  her  wealth,  which  has  been  the  result  of  exhibiting 
her  fruits  in  the  past  at  home  and  abroad. 

The  opportunity  offered  to  exhibit  the  product  of  the  resources  of  Kansas  at  the 
World's  Exposition,  and  before  the  thousands  of  homeseekers,  vastly  surpasses  any 
occasion  heretofore  presented,  and  should  not  be  treated  with  any  degree  of  indiffer- 
ence or  neglect  by  any  class  of  our  citizens. 

Trusting  a  favorable  and  prompt  response,  I  am,  yours  sincerely, 

G.  C.  BBAOKETT,  Secretary. 

About  1,000  of  these  were  mailed  to  the  fruit  men  of  the  state.  Mr.  Well- 
house  then  visited  Johnson,  Wyandotte,  Franklin,  Anderson,  Allen,  Neosho, 
Wilson,  Montgomery,  Chautauqua,  Cowley,  Butler,  Greenwood,  Lyon,  Osage, 
Shawnee,  Douglas,  Leavenworth,  Atchison,  Doniphan,  Brown,  Jackson,  Jef- 
ferson, Wabaunsee,  Morris,  Marion,  Chase,  Harvey,  Pottawatomie,  Riley, 
Geary  apd  Dickinson  counties.  His  purpose  in  going  to  these  counties  was 
to  locate  the  fruit  that  would  do  for  exhibition.  The  outlook  was  very  dis- 
couraging. An  abundance  of  grapes  was  found  everywhere,  a  fair  showing 
of  peaches,  some  good  pears  in  a  few  localities,  but  the  great  staple  fruit  of 
our  state,  the  apple,  was  woefully  scarce ;  some  good  samples,  however,  were 
found  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Wellhouse  notified  all  parties  that  he  desired  to  ship  to  Chicago  the 
last  of  August,  and  extra  efforts  were  made  to  get  everything  in  readiness  by 
that  time.  The  last  three  days  of  August,  Secretary  Brackett  and  Wm.  Cut- 
ter went  to  Leavenworth  and  helped  to  sort,  pack  and  label  the  varieties,  and 
when  through  they  had  25  barrels  of  apples,  25  boxes  of  apples,  pears, 
peaches,  and  grapes,  and  70  baskets  of  grapes  and  peaches.  These  were 
shipped  in  refrigerator  cars  on  September  1st,  and  arrived  in  Chicago  the 
next  day,  but  we  could  not  get  them  over  to  the  fair  grounds  until  the  8th, 
just  one  week  after  shipping.  After  that,  all  our  shipments  were  made  by 
express,  and  arrived  on  time  and  in  good  condition. 

Wm.  Cutter  went  to  Chicago,  and  helped  open  up  the  fruits  and  put  them 
on  the  tables;  he  spent  about  two  weeks  at  this  work,  and  bore  his  own  ex- 
penses to  and  from  Chicago  and  while  there.  Secretary  Brackett  and  ex-Pres. 
G.  Y.  Johnson  came  over  before  the  work  was  completed  and  helped  finish  it 
up;  they  each  spent  about  one  week  helping,  without  pay.  Two  exhibits 
were  made,  one  in  the  Kansas  building,  the  other  in  the  horticultural  build- 
ing. That  in  the  horticultural  building  was  entered  for  competition,  and 
consisted  of  539  plates  of  apples,  40  of  pears,  105  of  grapes,  and  36  of 
peaches,  embracing  the  following  varieties : 

Apples — McAfee,  Kansas  Keeper,  Sweet  Pippin,  Michael  Henry  Pippin,  Bachelor 
Blush,  Golden  Beauty,  Fink,  Langford  Seedling,  Pewaukee,  Pryor's  Red,  Tewksberry, 
Porter,  Dominie,  Lansingberg,  Fallawater,  Melon,  Detroit  Red,  Roman  Stem,  Early 
Strawberry,  Baldwin,  White  Winter  Pearmain,  American  Summer,  Jonathan,  Flora, 
Bellflower,  Cooper's  Early,  Missouri  Pippin,  Crammer  Pearmain,  Benoni,  Grimes's 
Golden,  Holton,  Willow  Twig,  Maiden's  Blush,  Gilpin,  Stark,  Ben  Davis,  Woodbridge, 
Alexander,  Chenango,  Clyde  Beauty,  Roxbury  Russet,  Pennock,  Rome  Beauty, 


60  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

Huntsman,  St.  Lawrence,  Rambo,  Yellow  Bellflower,  Pound  Sweet,  Hubbardston, 
Rhode  Island  Greening,  Oldenburg,  Early  Pennock,  Smokehouse,  American  Golden 
Russet,  Smith's  Cider,  Wagner,  Schemmerhorn,  Fameuse,  Tompkins  King,  Trenton 
Early,  Autumn  Swaar,  Twenty  Ounce,  Vandevere,  Bailey's  Sweet,  Gloria  Mund  ,  Jef- 
feris,  Sanlard,  Hoops,  Swaar,  Kaighn's  Spitzenberg,  May,  Buckingham,  Stannard, 
Cole  Quince,  Wine,  Mother,  White  Pippin,  Lowell,  Winesap,  Wealthy,  Westfield 
Seek-no-further,  Newtown  Pippin,  Northern  Spy,  Bonum.  Soulard,  Transcendent, 
Hyslop,  Wild  Crab,  Marengo. 

Pears.— Kieffer,  Bartlett,  Angouleme,  Howell,  Benfield,  Buffum,  Clairgeau,  Vicar, 
Flemish  Beauty,  Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey,  Seckel,  S'heldon,  Anjou,  Le  Conte,  Mikado, 
Unknown. 

Peaches. — Elberte,  Heath  Free,  President  Fairchild,  Stump  the  World,  Snow,  Old 
Mixon  Cling,  Old  Mixon  Free,  Morris  White,  Ward's  Late,  Hoppin's  Free,  Newing- 
ton  Cling,  Smock,  Large  Serrate  York,  William's  Favorite,  Early  York. 

Plums. — Bluemont,  Miner. 

Grapes. — Moyer,  Eaton,  Faith,  Carman,  Cambridge,  Whitehall,  Irving,  Merrimac, 
Ives,  Josselyn's  No.  10,  Dracut  Amber,  Lady  Washington,  Massasoit,  Conqueror, 
Luta,  Green  Mountain,  Josselyn's  No.  7,  Iowa  Excelsior,  Wilder,  Jessica,  Eumelan, 
Eldorado,  Cottage,  Centennial,  Brant,  Barry,  Bacchus,  Amber  Queen,  Worden,  lona, 
Beauty,  Goethe,  Herbert,  Hayes,  Hartford,  Beagle,  Bell,  Brilliant,  Blood,  Eva,  Creve- 
ling,  Early  Victor,  Duchess,  Telegraph,  Niagara,  Naomi,  Moore's  Diamond,  Maxa- 
tawney,  Van  Deman,  Golden  Coin,  Martha,  Marion,  Lindley,  Lenoir,  Lady,  Wyoming 
Red,  Humboldt,  Doaniana,  Prentiss,  Poughkeepsie,  New  Haven,  Perkins,  Red  Eagle, 
Ruby,  Rommel,  Pearl,  Norton's  Virginia,  Noah,  Concord,  Missouri  Reisling,  Agawam, 
Delaware,  Elvira. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  contributors: 

Jackson  county,  through  J.  W.  Williams:   J.  W.  Williams,  Dan.  Miller,  Mr.  Stark, 

A.  Peace,  John  Bottom,  Wm.  Rings,  Mr.  Shields,  J.  F.  Pomroy,  John  Carpenter,  L. 
Stephenson,  Mr.  Copeland,  H.  Tucker,  J.  Finley,  John  Dixon,  Jacob  Hixon,  and  W. 

B.  Talbert.     Through  F.  W.  Dixon:   J.  H.  Johnson,  Geo.  Hover,  J.  W.  Odin,  C.  C. 
Hart,  John  Shrup,  Henry  Hand,  J.  Dykeman,  W.  L.  Stackhouse,  P.  Gruver,  Jacob 
Kern,  jr.,  E.  N.  Ball,  C.  R.  Fleming,  J.  S.  Dand,  A.  J.  Beamer,  C.  E.  Eames. 

Brown  county,  through  F.  W.  Dixon:  John  A.  Davidson,  John  Whichie,  John  Mc- 
Coy, F.  S.  Dixon,  Henry  Isley,  W.  W.  Fish,  L.  Gilmore,  Jacob  Shaner,  L.  V.  Paston, 
W.  D.  Frazey. 

Leavenworth  county,  through  E.  J.  Holman:  Henry  Irwin,  Thos.  Jameson,  Wm. 
Prather,  Harry  Wood,  T.  Trackwell,  Jos.  Thiebaut,  Chas.  Ott,  G.  W.  Seymour,  Chris. 
Rodenburg,  Fred.  Thies,  Wm.  Conway,  Henry  Ode,  J.  C.  Baird,  C.  C.  Myers,  J.  F.  Tay- 
lor, 0.  Markham,  Mrs.  L.  L.  Terwilliger,  E.  J.  Holman,  Wheat  &  Wellhouse. 

Jefferson  county,  through  H.  R.  Roberts:  W.  B.  Rose,  P.  Hackett,  Harry  Lopp, 
Thos.  White,  H.  Bettys,  D.  Vilas,  Mrs.  Sprote,  H.  Raines,  L.  Fisher,  Mrs.  Byers,  Carl 
Richster,  John  Saylor,  Jesse  Britton,  B.  Bradford,  Milton  Jones,  Geo.  Klinger,  M.  H. 
Smith,  Jack  Bryant,  Jasper  Wilson,  R.  D.  Vermillion,  Jesse  Kirkham,  Mr.  David, 
Mrs.  Season,  M.  Gray,  M.  B.  Corle,  R.  Myers,  T.  White,  Jos.  White,  T.  Fitzpatrick, 
R.  M.  McClure.  . 

Douglas  county,  through  Samuel  Reynolds  and  B.  F.  Smith:  John  Scott,  Thad. 
Whedon,  Chas.  Gaumer,  John  Brown.  B.  F.  Smith,  Wm.  Duncan,  Henry  Fiehler,  Julia 
Fiehler,M.  Merchant,  Mrs.  L.  Hays,  Job  Robinson,  John  Jenkins,  Lewis  Tucker,  Chas. 
Hale,  W.  R.  Hale,  James  Hale,  Henry  Copp,  Wm.  Kennedy,  Mrs.  M.  Perkins,  John 
Moody,  John  Suiter,  Wm.  Hughs,  sr.,  Wm.  Hughs,  jr.,  A.  H.  Griesa,  Jas.  Kane,  P.  Voor- 
hees,  L.  Van  Voorhis,  H.  Winney,  Samuel  Reynolds,  W.  H.  Laptad,  J.  W.  Hendry,  W. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  61 

Howard,  John  Gilman,  Henry  Schlagel,  P.  Carter,  S.  J.  Sherry,  John  Garvin,  H.  S. 
Fillmore,  Thos.  McFarland,  John  Wilson,  W.  R.  Finney,  Mrs.  M.  Armstrong,  P.  P. 
Phillips,  H.  S.  Smith,  S.  E.  Osborn,  C.  L.  Pease,  E.  A.  Holloway,  Frank  E.  Wheeler, 
J.  C.  Bare,  Wm.  Jordan,  Clark  Reynolds,  E.  W.  Flory,  W.  R.  Williams,  Mrs.  M.  Moaks, 
Jas.  Russell,  J.  F.  Williams,  John  Irwin,  Jasper  Wilson,  T.  R.  Bayne,  J.  P.  Kinkle, 
Dr.  A.  Newman,  Howard  Roberts. 

Shawnee  county,  through  W.  T.  Jackson:  S.  E.  Grimes,  J.  W.  Rugel,  J.  A.  Baxter, 
J.  G.  Clark,  F.  M.  Stahl,  W.  D.  Mendenhall,  Nathan  Brobst,  A.  C.  Bnckman,  Thos. 
Bnckman,  John  Sims,  Mr.  Holloway.  Through  J.  F.  Cecil:  J.  Browning,  Mrs.  P.  J. 
Gilman,  J.  Bridgeman,  J.  M.  Priddy,  B.  F.  Van  Orsdal,  Geo.  Asherman,  B.  F.  Van 
Horn,  A.  Gordon,  P.  Duffy,  J.  Weiss  <fe  Co.,  C.  Hanrahan,  Robt.  Jackson,  John  Hower- 
ton,  Chas.  Howerton,  Martin  Hess,  John  Allen,  J.  T.  Short,  Wm.  Bond,  E.  T.  James, 
J.  H.  Badger. 

The  State  Agricultural  College  sent  80  varieties  of  grapes,  which  furnished 
the  foundation  of  our  grape  exhibit.  A.  P.  Collins,  of  Saline  county,  fur- 
nished a  nice  lot  of  fruit,  which  was  contributed  chiefly  by  Thomas  Anderson, 
Frank  Barker,  A.  W.  Jones,  Thomas  White,  J.  A.  Banker,  and  A.  P.  Collins. 
We  regret  to  say  that  this  is  not  a  full  list  of  the  contributors ;  we  were  not 
able  to  get  the  names  of  all  the  persons  who  aided  us. 

The  space  in  horticultural  building  was  occupied  by  six  receding  elevated 
shelves  on  each  side  of  the  aisle,  41  feet  in  length. 

The  fair  association  furnished  plates.  The  tables  in  Kansas  building 
were  neatly  made  of  hard  wood  and  varnished,  6  feet  long  and  2£  feet  wide. 
They  were  filled,  18  in  number,  with  fruit,  duplicating  that  in  the  horticul- 
tural building,  but  not  entered  in  the  competitive  list.  After  both  of  these 
displays  were  put  upon  the  tables,  we  had  nine  barrels  of  apples  and  a  few 
pears  and  grapes  left  as  a  reserve.  About  this  time,  John  Armstrong,  of  To- 
peaka,  collected  two  barrels  of  the  finest  fruit,  paid  the  express  charges  and 
brought  them  to  the  fair.  About  the  same  time  several  packages  came  in, 
so  that  we  were  in  condition  to  weed  out  all  the  defective  and  decayed  speci- 
mens and  replace  them  with  good  fruit.  This  we  did  every  day  from  the  time 
the  fruit  was  put  upon  the  tables  until  the  close  of  the  fair.  Our  peaches 
were  in  bad  condition  when  put  on  exhibition,  and  in  less  than  a  week  we 
had  to  remove  them  and  fill  their  places  with  apples.  The  grapes  lasted 
longer,  but  they,  too,  had  soon  to  be  removed  and  the  space  filled  with  apples 
also,  so  that  by  the  first  of  October  we  were  showing  little  else  than  apples ; 
but  these  were  improving  constantly.  John  Curry  sent  four  barrels  of  splen- 
did winter  warieties,  well  colored,  which  would  have  been  considered  fine  any 
year.  H.  R.  Roberts  sent  us  three  barrels  equally  as  fine.  These  two  collec- 
tions carried  us  through  until  the  close  of  the  fair  and  enabled  us  to  improve 
our  display  every  day. 

The  immense  crowds  of  people  created  so  much  dust  that,  in  order  to  keep 
our  fruit  in  presentable  shape,  it  was  necessary  to  rub  and  clean  the  fruit, 
plates  and  tables  each  day. 

It  was  intended  to  show  by  counties,  but  there  was  so  much  sorting  and 
resorting  to  do  that  this  was  found  impracticable.  We  also  intended  to  put 


62  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

the  fruit  grower's  or  owner's  name  on  each  plate,  but  for  the  same  reason  this 
could  not  be  done. 

We  received  from  different  persons  plates  of  fruit  as  follows : 

Wm.  and  J.  H.  Cutter,  1,140  plates;  Reynolds  &  Smith,  998;  Geo.  Richardson,  628; 
E.  J.  Holman,  410;  J.  E.  Campbell,  310:  H.  R.  Roberts,  830;  Mr.  Ross,  170;  F.  W. 
Dixon,  580;  J.  W.  Williams,  320;  J.  F.  Cecil,  568;  W.  T.  Jackson,  610;  John  Arm- 
strong, 180;  State  Agricultural  College,  82  (all  grapes);  Coffey  county,  162;  Wabaun- 
see  county,  82;  Pottawatomie  county,  73;  Morris  county,  54;  Saline  county,  282; 
Marion  county,  36. 

The  mode  of  awarding  premiums  in  the  pomological  department  was  as 
follows:  10  points  were  established — dessert,  kitchen,  market,  size,  color, 
uniformity,  freedom  from  insects,  freedom  from  other  blemishes,  handling, 
perpetuation — so  that  when  a  plate  of  fruit  was  perfect  it  counted  100,  or  10 
for  each  point.  When  the  fruit  was  put  on  the  tables  and  the  entries  made, 
the  judges  examined  it  and  established  its  grade  in  all  the  points  named,  ex- 
cept perpetuation,  and  they  then  inspected  it  daily  to  see  whether  this  stand- 
ard was  maintained. 

At  the  close  of  the  fair,  the  grade  for  perpetuation  was  established,  and 
the  final  grade  of  each  display  summed  up,  and  each  one  got  an  award  com- 
mensurate with  its  merits. 

Our  competitors  were:  Arkansas,  Nebraska,  Oregon,  Colorado,  Missouri, 
Washington,  Montana,  New  Mexico,  Idaho,  Canada,  Wisconsin,  Kentucky, 
California,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Michigan,  New  York,  and  New  Jersey. 

The  Board  acknowledges  with  gratitude  the  services  of  Hon.  Fred.  Well- 
house.  His  untiring  energy,  in  the  face  of  many  difficulties,  enabled  Kansas 
to  be  splendidly  represented,  for  an  "off  year,"  and  resulted  in  securing  the 
awards  as  noted  elsewhere  in  this  report. 

Kansas  Pavilion  in  the  Agricultural  Building. 

This  structure  was  built  near  the  middle  of  the  south  side  of  the  agricul- 
tural building,  and  separated  from  the  machinery  annex  by  the  packing-house 
exhibits.  Our  neighbors  were,  on  the  north,  North  Dakota;  east,  California 
and  Mississippi;  on  the  south  were  the  packing-house  exhibits  of  Armour, 
Cudahy,  North,  and  Swift,  with  New  Hampshire  on  the  west.  The  space 
assigned  Kansas  extended  east  and  west  88  feet,  north  and  south  32  feet. 
Upon  the  space  was  built  a  raised  platform,  six  inches  high.  This  kind  of  a 
platform  was  required  of  all  exhibitors. 

H.  H.  Kern,  a  member  of  the  Board,  had  entire  charge  of  the  design,  con- 
struction and  decoration  of  the  pavilion,  and  the  installation  of  its  exhibits, 
except  that  of  threshed  grain,  the  preparation  and  arrangement  of  which  was 
in  charge  of  A.  P.  Collins,  a  member  of  the  Board.  The  pavilion  was  28  feet 
wide  and  82  feet  long,  the  wall  14  feet  high.  The  corners  of  the  pavilion 
were  elevated  three  feet  above  the  general  level,  thus  giving  them  a  castel- 
lated appearance.  Each  side  and  end  of  the  pavilion  wall  had  a  terraced 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  63 

elevation  of  six  feet.  The  thickness  of  the  wall,  with  window  decorations, 
was  15  inches.  In  each  end  were  two  windows.  On  each  side  there  were 
eight  arched  windows,  four  feet  wide  and  six  feet  high.  The  spaces  between 
the  openings  were  covered  with  lattice  work  of  stripped  barley,  wheat,  and 
grasses.  The  arched  doorways,  8x10  feet,  four  in  number,  through  which  the 
visitor  entered  the  pavilion  from  any  of  the  four  cardinal  points,  were  mas- 
sive pieces  of  work ;  magnificent  columns  surmounted  with  archways  of  solid 
grain  decorations,  wrought  in  every  conceivable  design  which  the  ingenuity 
and  skill  of  the  artist  could  devise.  Every  design  had  a  meaning,  and 
greater  than  words  could  portray,  for  visitors  saw  in  the  attractive  and  novel 
figures  Kansas  and  her  rich  grains.  The  bases  of  these  columns  had  the  ap- 
pearance of  solid  grain  incased  in  glass,  each  one  different  from  the  other  in 
the  kind  of  grain.  The  choicest  samples  of  wheat,  barley,  oats  and  corn  were 
used;  corn  in  alternate  layers  of  red,  white,  and  yellow,  which,  in  quality  and 
arrangement,  was  the  admiration  of  thousands  of  people. 

The  decorations  of  the  pavilions  of  the  different  states  and  countries,  all 
competing  for  supremacy  in  the  display  of  agricultural  products,  taxed  to 
the  utmost  the  skill  of  the  rival  exhibitors.  When  we  consider  that  each 
wrought  upon  a  plan  of  his  own  selection,  and  in  a  manner  to  his  own  taste, 
and  conscious  that  upon  his  work  rested  his  chances  for  the  admiration  of 
the  multitudes  that  thronged  the  building,  we  can  realize  some  of  the  impor- 
tance attached  to  decorations. 

While  the  presentation  to  the  appointed  judges  of  agricultural  products 
of  rare  merit,  that  awards  might  be  secured,  was  an  item  of  importance  and 
state  pride,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  presentation  of  the  productions 
of  the  state  to  the  tens  of  thousands  of  uncommissioned  judges,  whose  award 
determined  the  location  of  their  future  home,  transcended  in  importance  to 
the  state  all  medals  and  diplomas.  When  we  consider  that  many  of  these 
last  awards  were  influenced  by  the  judges  being  first  delighted  and  interested 
with  beautiful  surroundings,  we  can  appreciate  the  importance  of  decorations 
that  will  compass  this  purpose. 

The  walls  of  the  pavilion  were  built  of  common  pine  lumber,  and  covered 
from  the  base  of  the  windows  to  the  top,  inside  and  outside,  with  red  cloth. 
This  made  an  excellent  background,  and  showed  to  good  advantage  the  grain 
decorations  placed  upon  the  walls.  On  the  ends  of  the  pavilion,  the  outer 
walls,  from  the  base  of  the  windows  to  the  top,  and  including  the  door  col- 
umns to  the  floor,  were  nearly  covered  with  corn  in  the  ear — red,  yellow  and 
white  field  corn  —  and  the  same  colors  in  pop  corn  were  used  over  each  door- 
way, and  extending  one-third  the  width  of  the  pavilion  was  a  beautiful  panel 
wrought  in  corn  of  different  colors,  inclosing  the  word  "Kansas";  these 
letters  being  made  of  transverse  sections  of  red  pop  corn.  Below  the  word 
"Kansas,"  and  extending  to  the  top  of  the  arched  doorway,  and  on  either 
side  above  the  windows,  was  one  solid  mass  of  ear  corn  in  panels.  Inclosed 
in  beautiful  borders  of  corn  (see  plate),  on  the  east  end  above  the  panel 
containing  the  word  "Kansas,"  was  the  inscription, " Corn  Crop  of  1892, 


64  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

138,658,621  Bushels."  No  artist's  brush  on  canvas  could  have  presented  a 
scene  more  beautiful  and  appropriate  for  the  place  than  that  on  this  end  of 
the  pavilion  in  corn  of  different  colors.  Had  this  work  been  done  with 
paint  and  brush,  it  would  not  have  been  admired  as  more  beautiful  or  a  greater 
credit  to  the  artist  and  designer.  The  work  all  being  carried  out  with  ear  corn, 
with  an  exactness  of  detail  that  would  baffle  the  skill  of  the  artist,  the  reader 
can  imagine  why  it  was  that  thousands  of  people  daily  halted  in  the  aisle  to 
admire  before  entering  the  pavilion.  There  are  but  few  people  who  are  so 
absorbed  in  the  practical  that  they  cannot  admire  the  beautiful,  yet,  con- 
templating the  possibility  of  there  being  such  a  person,  our  decorator  had  a 
line  in  readiness  for  him.  Much  of  the  fringing  of  the  decoration  was  made 
by  cutting  ears  of  corn  in  cross  sections  about  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long. 
For  this,  careful  selections  of  corn  were  made,  taking  only  very  large  ears 
and  those  having  remarkably  long  grains.  These  sections  had  the  appear- 
ance of  sunflowers,  and  seemed  appropriate  for  the  sunflower  state. 

The  description  thus  far  given  is  a  general  outline  of  the  decoration  on 
the  east  end  of  the  pavilion.  The  outside  of  the  west  end  was  practically  a 
duplicate  of  the  end  just  described,  only  that  the  decorations  in  corn  were 
different  in  almost  every  detail.  The  statistics  of  corn  were  given  on  the 
east,  and  the  statistics  of  wheat  on  the  west.  In  covering  the  surface  of  the 
end  of  the  pavilion  with  ear  corn,  different  designs  were  introduced;  the  dif- 
ferent colors  of  corn  were  interchanged,  with  pleasing  effect.  The  decorations 
on  the  sides  were  like  those  on  the  ends  in  this,  that  the  surface  was  nearly 
covered  with  corn,  and  contained  the  word  "Kansas"  in  beautiful  letters  of 
corn  over  the  doorway,  yet  different  from  those  of  the  ends  in  that  the  design 
was  changed,  though  not  less  effective. 

The  effect  of  a  change  of  design  in  the  decorations  that  surrounded  each 
entrance  was  of  no  small  importance.  As  the  visitor  passed  around  the 
pavilion  to  view  its  outer  decorations,  no  sense  of  monotony  came  to  him,  but, 
instead,  an  increased  feeling  of  admiration  impressed  him  as  he  stood  before 
each  successive  doorway.  The  space  between  the  doorways  and  the  windows 
was  covered  with  lattice  work  of  grain.  On  either  side,  between  the  corners 
and  the  side  projections  and  over  the  end  windows,  was  a  cornice  projection 
of  eight  inches.  This  cornice  was  decorated  with  rosettes  and  stars,  made 
from  heads  of  wheat  and  grasses,  placed  on  triangular  spaces,  outlined  with 
bunches  of  wheat  straw.  Above  each  window  was  a  series  of  fringes,  made 
of  heads  of  grain  and  grasses,  having  the  appearance  of  folding  curtains 
overhanging  each  other,  and  suspended  by  an  artificial  sunflower  placed  next 
to  the  cornice.  Between  each  of  these,  and  suspended  from  panels  above, 
were  decorative  designs,  made  of  different  threshed  grains,  as  shown  in  the 
plates  of  the  pavilion.  Between  the  arches  of  the  windows  were  stars,  made 
of  heads  of  grain  and  grasses. 

The  reader  now  has  a  general  outline  of  the  construction  and  outside  wall 
decorations  of  the  pavilion,  only  that  no  pen  picture  can  do  justice  to  the 
work,  or  inspire  the  enthusiasm  called  forth  by  the  reality  in  Jackson  park. 


XXXI.— SOUTH  WALL,  WOMAN'S  DEPARTMENT—  Kansas  Building. 
(Page  43.) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  65 

Passing  through  the  doorway  between  massive  columns,  having  the  appear- 
ance of  solid  masses  of  grain,  and  arched  overhead  with  a  solid  corn  dec- 
oration, it  was  a  physical  reminder  that  the  visitor  was  at  least  entering  a 
land  of  corn,  if  not  of  wine.  The  walls  of  either  of  the  doorways  Avere  two 
feet  in  thickness.  The  marked  feature  of  the  inside  wall  decoration  was  a 
frieze  of  handsomely-adorned  bunches  of  grain  and  grass,  so  arranged  as  to 
form  a  continuous  series  of  perpendicularly-bisected,  diamond- shaped  figures, 
3?  feet  wide.  In  no  case  did  this  frieze  fail  to  call  forth  words  of  praise 
from  the  admiring  thousands  that  thronged  the  pavilion.  (See  plate.)  This 
filled  the  space  from  the  top  of  the  windows  to  the  top  of  the  wall ;  that  on 
the  ends  was  made  of  timothy ;  that  on  the  sides,  of  wheat.  The  space  be- 
tween the  arched  windows,  and  extending  upward  to  the  frieze,  was  filled  by 
small  bunches  of  grain  and  grass,  placed  in  fan  shape.  Some  of  these  fan 
decorations  were  made  of  rye,  others  of  oats,  orchard  grass,  blue  grass,  meadow 
oat  grass,  flax,  sorghum,  Kaffir- corn  and  broom-corn  heads.  The  castellated 
corners  were  adorned  on  the  sides  and  on  top  with  stately  sheaves  of  grain, 
beautifully  trimmed  with  ribbons.  The  terraced  elevations  supported  similar , 
sheaves  of  grain.  Placed  in  a  variety  of  positions  beneath  these  were  stars 
made  of  sorghum  heads.  Below  these,  and  on  each  of  the  four  elevations, 
was  the  word  "Kansas,"  made  by  fastening  dried  flowers  of  various  bright 
colors  to  wire  letter  frames. 

The  20  windows  of  the  pavilion  were  20  objects  of  interest,  eliciting  the 
admiration  and  calling  out  the  compliments  of  the  thousands  of  visitors. 
Six  of  the  windows  were  solidly  decorated  with  ear  corn ;  14  were  decorated 
with  grains  and  grasses.  In  no  two  of  the  windows  were  the  decorations  alike 
in  pattern,  yet  a  perfect  system  was  observed  throughout.  All  of  the  win- 
dow decorations  were  put  on  solid.  The  constant  change  in  the  decorations, 
where  uniformity  might  have  been  expected,  prevented  the  multitude  of  ob- 
jects from  wearying  the  visitor,  by  exciting  new  interest  at  every  turn.  The 
system  followed  throughout  bound  all  together  as  so  many  different  objects 
constituting  one  vast  collection  of  exhibits.  The  wall  decorations,  inside  and 
out,  represented  all  the  grain  and  grass  products  of  the  state.  They  were 
prepared  with  great  care,  and  made  from  choicest  specimens. 

In  the  center  of  the  pavilion  stood  a  pyramid,  on  either  side  of  which 
were  open  spaces  to  the  doorway.  Here  were  two  center 'partitions,  covered 
with  bright  cloth  as  a  background  for  the  exhibits.  The  number  of  exhibits, 
the  names  of  exhibitors  and  the  awards  appear  in  another  place.  No  dupli- 
cates of  exhibits  were  shown.  To  each  exhibit  was  attached  a  card  giving 
name  and  address  of  exhibitor,  date  of  planting,  seed  per  acre,  cultivation, 
date  of  harvest,  yield,  weight,  market  price,  temperature,  and  rainfall.  In 
each  corner  of  the  pavilion,  and  in  each  angle  made  by  the  projections,  was 
placed  one  or  more  exhibits  of  oats  or  wheat.  The  exhibits  of  grain  in  straw 
and  grasses  were  securely  tied  in  place  with  ribbons.  The  sheaves  were  from 
three  to  eight  inches  in  diameter. 
—5 


66  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

The  south  side  of  the  east  partition  was  covered  with  grains,  as  follows : 
Commencing  in  the  center  with  a  remarkably  tall  sheaf  of  wheat,  on  the  right 
of  this  a  sheaf  of  rye  less  in  height,  on  the  left  a  sheaf  of  wheat  not  quite 
so  tall  as  the  first,  and  thus  were  they  put  up  until  the  edges  of  the  partition 
were  rea'ched —  wheat  on  the  left,  rye  on  the  right,  each  successive  addition 
being  less  in  height,  the  ends  of  these  sheaves  rested  on  the  floor,  the  tops 
forming  a  curve.  A  similar  circle  of  exhibits  was  made  above  this  one,  oats 
in  the  sheaf  taking  the  place  of  the  rye  in  the  one  just  described.  The  ends 
of  the  second  course  made  the  same  curve  as  the  heads  of  the  first,  and  were 
six  inches  above  them.  Then  a  third  course  was  made  out  of  tame  grasses. 
At  either  end  stood  a  bundle  of  broom  corn  12  feet  high;  on  either  side  of 
these  magnificent  specimens  of  millet,  one  from  Marshall  county  that  stood 
eight  feet  high.  On  the  north  side  of  this  same  partition  was  exhibited  corn 
on  the  stalk  in  the  same  manner,  by  commencing  in  the  center  with  the  tallest 
stalks,  the  tops  of  the  corn  describing  a  curved  line,  the  ends  resting  on  the 
floor;  on  the  west  side  of  the  stalk  corn  were  suspended  mammoth  ears  of  corn, 
commencing  at  the  top,  four  side  by  side,  and  so  on  till  the  floor  was  reached. 

On  the  east  edge,  beside  the  corn,  were  two  sheaves  of  German  millet. 
The  husks  of  the  corn  were  half  laid  back,  so  as  to  show  the  size  of  the  ears. 
The  taller  stalks  were  16  2  feet  high,  and  the  ears  were  of  remarkable  length 
and  size,  thus  making  an  exhibit  of  its  kind  unsurpassed  by  any  other  in  the 
building.  Above  the  corn  was  a  course  of  sheaves  of  oats  and  wheat,  the 
base  of  the  sheaves  making  the  same  curve  as  the  top  of  the  stalk  corn,  and 
about  six  inches  above.  The  top  of  the  sheaves  reached  to  the  top  of  the 
partition,  describing  an  arc  of  greater  curvature  than  that  of  the  base,  by 
selecting  the  taller  sheaves  for  the  center.  The  effect  of  this  arrangement  of 
grains  on  either  side  of  the  partition  was  fine.  The  trimming  of  the  sheaves 
of  grain  with  ribbon  made  them  beautiful  in  themselves;  the  curved  lines 
in  which  they  were  exhibited,  seemingly  made  necessary  by  the  different 
lengths,  added  to  the  effect.  Then,  above  all,  the  wonderful  size  of  the  sam- 
ples, the  great  length  of  some  of  the  straw,  indicated  that  such  things  were 
not  scarce  in  Kansas.  Then  the  arrangement,  that  enabled  all  to  be  seen  at 
a  glance,  created  an  idea  of  vastness  in  the  mind  of  the  observer  that  rarely 
failed  to  call  forth  the  expression,  "What  a  wonderful  grain  state  you  have." 
On  the  south  side  of  the  west  partition  the  exhibits  were  bundles  of  corn  on 
the  stalk,  placed  side  by  side,  the  tallest  in  the  center,  the  bases  of  the  corn- 
stalks terminating  on  a  line  three  feet  above  the  floor.  On  either  side  of  the 
stalk  corn  was  a  fringe  of  ear  corn,  made  by  suspending  four  ears  side  by  side, 
with  four  others  immediately  below,  and  thus  to  the  floor.  Above  the  stalk 
corn,  in  circular  line,  were  hung  bunches  of  sheaves,  six  in  a  place.  No  small 
ears  were  selected  for  this  border.  At  the  foot  of  this  stalk  corn,  and  reaching 
to  it,  was  a  table  in  length  equal  to  the  partition  and  2%  feet  wide,  the  top  a 
slightly  inclined  plane,  covered  with  11  half-bushel  samples  of  ear  corn,  five 
white  and  six  yellow.  It  was  Johnson  county's  best,  and  needs  no  other  com- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  67 

ment.  The  decoration  of  this  side  of  the  partition  constituted  a  beautifully- 
wrought  panel  of  corn ;  it  was  near  the  most  frequented  entrance,  and  fronting 
the  office;  an  excellent  place  to  introduce  to  Kansas  our  guests  from  states 
that  believed  they  could  raise  corn.  This  we  were  pleased  to  do  in  an  un- 
ostentatious manner.  If  they  thought  this  panel  only  equal  to  the  best 
their  own  state  could  produce,  they  were  often  conducted  in  an  easy  manner 
to  the  stalk  corn  on  the  north  side  of  the  east  partition,  which  in  quality  wa& 
greatly  superior  to  that  last  mentioned,  and  there  were  they  allowed  to  draw 
their  own  conclusions. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  west  partition,  24  bundles  of  sorghum  cane  from 
the  Agricultural  College,  at  Manhattan,  were  seen;  each  bundle  represented  a 
different  variety.  The  afrangements  followed  that  of  the  other  partition  ex- 
hibits; the  taller  bunches  were  placed  in  the  center  and  spaced  so  as  to  consti- 
tute the  first  course,  the  ends  resting  on  the  floor,  the  tops  describing  an  arc 
of  a  circle.  Small  bunches  of  red  Kaffir  corn  were  placed  between  each 
bundle  of  cane.  The  marked  difference  in  appearance  between  the  bunches,, 
and  the  fact  that  these  canes  were  non- saccharine  in  character,  created  much 
interest.  And  when  we  note  that  they  were  grown  in  Kansas,  in  1892,  from 
India  seed  raised  in  1891,  and  the  growth  was  greater  the  first  year  than  in 
their  native  land,  it  was  considered  evidence  conclusive  of  Kansas'  ability  to 
raise  cane.  Above  this  sorghum  exhibit  was  placed,  in  circular  form,  an  ex- 
hibit of  the  wild  grasses  of  the  state,  the  taller  ones  in  the  center,  and  reach- 
ing to  the  top  of  the  partition.  The  west  edge  of  this  center  piece  was- 
adorned  with  a  stately  bundle  of  broom  corn,  reaching  from  the  floor  to  the- 
top ;  by  the  side  of  this  broom  corn,  and  about  seven'  feet  high,  some  one,  to- 
us  unknown,  tacked  up  apiece  of  cardboard,  on  which  was  printed:  "Farm- 
ers are  Welcome  to  Free  Desks  and  Writing  Material  in  the  Stock  Pavilion." 
The  three  first  words  were  in  large  type,  and  the  others  in  small  type.  In  the 
hurry  incident  to  making  the  best  use  of  the  time,  very  few  people  read  more 
than  the  first  three  words,  and  kindly  accepted  it  as  our  invitation  to  visit 
our  exhibits ;  and  of  course  they  were  WELCOME.  We  did  not  remove  the  sigiu 

In  the  center  of  the  pavilion  stood  a  handsome,  octagonal-shaped  pyra- 
mid, 18  feet  in  height  and  10  feet  in  diameter,  with  20  receding,  polished 
shelves.  On  these  shelves,  extending  around  the  pyramid,  were  placed 
glass  jars  containing  wheat,  oats,  shelled  corn,  rye,  barley,  buckwheat,  clover 
timothy,  and  millet  seed.  They  contained  the  best  of  each  kind  that- 
could  be  found ;  their  merits  were  relied  upon  to  command  for  our  state  an 
honorable  place  in  the  family  of  agricultural  commonweaths.  Confidence- 
was  felt  in  the  result.  To  say  that  this  confidence  excited  just  a  little  pride 
in  the  situation,  is  not  an  overdrawn  statement.  Each  jar  bore  a  label,  giv- 
ing the  commercial  name  of  the  exhibit,  name  and  address  of  the  grower, 
the  yield  per  acre,  and  the  test  weight.  Each  sample  was  carefully  tested  be- 
fore being  placed  on  exhibition.  Most  of  the  wheat  ranged  in  weight  from 
63  to  65  pounds  per  bushel.  N"o  oats  were  placed  on  exhibition  that  would 
not  test  35  pounds ;  some  tested  42  pounds ;  of  course,  the  corn  that  was- 


68  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

shelled  and  put  in  the  jars  was  selected;  Kansas  never  had  occasion  to  blush 
on  account  of  its  quality,  but  rather  enjoyed  the  compliments  passed  upon  it 
by  our  guests.  Each  sample  was  given  an  award.  These  jars  "stood  up  for 
Kansas "  nobly,  and  were  placed  to  the  best  possible  advantage,  color  and  ar- 
rangement being  taken  into  consideration.  All  the  desirable  samples  of 
wheat  received  by  the  Board,  when  the  necessary  statistics  could  be  had,  were 
exhibited. 

Many  a  Kansan  viewed  those  shelves  of  grain  to  read  the  labels  on  his 
neighbor's  wheat,  and  regret  that  he  himself  had  not  supplied  an  exhibit. 
Above  the  shelves  were  eight  upright  rows  of  corn,  alternating  in  color,  while 
crowning  all  was  a  tall  glass  jar  filled  with  golden  corn. 

Midway  between  the  center  and  north  wall  stood  a  table  on  which  was  ex- 
hibited 20  samples  of  ear  corn;  and  opposite  this  was  a  table  5  feet  wide 
and  16  feet  long  on  which  was  displayed  vegetables,  of  which  the  onion  ex- 
hibit was  especially  excellent,  containing  over  100  plates,  and  representing 
75  varieties.  To  the  State  Agricultural  College,  at  Manhattan,  is  due  much 
of  the  credit  for  this  display  of  onions,  which,  we  believe,  was  surpassed  in 
quality  and  number  of  varieties  by  no  other  exhibit ;  it  received  a  richly- 
merited  award. 

In  the  southwest  corner  of  the  pavilion  was  the  office.  It  was  found 
necessary  to  have  some  place  where  some  one  could  be  found  to  give  infor- 
mation to  the  inquiring  public.  This  position  was  filled  most  of  the  season  by 
A.  P.  Collins,  a  member  of  the  Board.  He  was  relieved  at  times  by  Senator 
King,  ex-Governor  Glick,  and,  during  the  month  of  October,  was  assisted  by 
Professor  Hay,  of  Junction  City.  The  exhibit  and  decorations  were  made 
from  the  crop  of  1892.  When  the  crop  of  1893  was  nearing  maturity,  it  was 
decided  to  introduce  in  this  place  samples  from  the  new  crop.  Accordingly, 
choice  specimens  were  secured  from  many  localities  in  the  state.  These  com- 
prised many  of  the  very  choicest  in  the  pavilion.  They  consisted  of  rye, 
wheat,  oats,  millet,  timothy,  alfalfa,  blue  grass,  orchard  grass,  in  the  straw ; 
also,  stalk  corn.  Each  was  marked  with  a  card,  "Crop  of  1893,"  in  ad- 
dition to  a  tag  showing  the  history  of  the  sample.  As  all  of  our  space  for 
exhibits  on  walls  and  tables  was  filled,  the  samples  for  1893  were  placed  in  a 
line,  commencing  in  front  of  the  office  and  extending  along  the  south  wall  of 
the  pavilion.  This  arrangement  gave  to  our  exhibit  an  appearance  of  being 
complete,  with  this  line  of  magnificent  specimens  left  over,  and  when  a  visitor 
saw  the  card  "Crop  of  1893"  attached,  the  mystery  deepened,  and  many 
would  turn  to  the  person  in  charge,  with  astonishment,  and  say,  "  I  thought 
you  had  a  drought  in  Kansas?"  "We  always  have  a  drought  in  Kansas; 
this  is  the  size  the  stuff  grows  when  we  have  a  drought."  The  next  question 
usually  was,  "How  large  do  these  things  grow  when  it  rains?" 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  fair  a  very  pleasant  but  earnest  rivalry 
sprang  up  between  the  different  exhibitors  in  the  agricultural  building, 
which  resulted  in  almost  daily  additions  to  the  exhibits.  These  additional 
exhibits,  and  especially  ear  corn,  became  the  center  of  attraction  among  vis- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  69 

itors.  The  quality  of  the  exhibits  can  be  inferred  when  the  Board  was  per- 
mitted to  make  entries  of  them  for  award,  and  Kansas  did  not  fail  of  an 
award  in  any  one  of  such  entries.  Many  amusing  incidents  might  be  re- 
ated  in  connection  with  this  pavilion  during  the  summer,  but  a  line  must 
be  drawn  somewhere,  and  this  description  will  close  by  introducing  a  few 
quotations  of  remarks  made  to  the  management  showing  their  opinion  of 
the  work  of  Kansas: 

Kaiisas  Man:    "This  makes  me  feel  proud  of  my  state." 

Commissioner  from  Oregon:  "I  think  Kansas  made  for  the  money  she  had  the 
best  showing  in  the  agricultural  building." 

California  Man:  "I  want  to  compliment  you  Kansas  people  on  your  fine  dis- 
play; I  have  seen  nothing  like  it." 

New  Yorfc  Man:   "No  other  spot  on  earth  could  produce  such  products." 
Rev.  Henry  (of  California,  taking  notes  for  a  lecture  tour) :    "  This  is  the  finest 
thing  we  have  found;  it  is  grand." 

Illinois  Man:  "I  have  seen  all  the  agricultural  exhibits,  and  you  have  certainly 
got  the  best." 

North  Carolina  Man:   "It  is  the  finest  grain  display  I  have  seen." 
Massachusetts  Man:    "Did  they  really  all  grow  in  one  year?" 
Minnesota  Man:   "Kansas  is  strictly  in  it,  with  no  superiors  and  few  rivals." 
Michigan  Man:    "You  must  have  a  very  fertile  state  to  produce  such  products." 
Idaho  Man:   "This  is  the  most  wonderful  exhibit  I  ever  saw  in  my  life." 
Maryland  Man  (correspondent  Baltimore  Sun):   "They  can't  beat  you  anywhere 
in  cereals." 

Alabama  Man:   "Kansas  takes  the  cake." 

Ohio  Man:  "I  have  been  through  this  building,  and  you  have  the  finest  exhibit 
in  it." 

New  Brunswick,  Dominion  of  Canada,  Man:  "This  is  the  finest  exhibit  I  have  seen 
in  the  building.  It  is  wonderful." 

Pennsylvania  Man  (judge  of  the  federal  court):  "I  congratulate  you  on  your 
exhibit.  It  illustrates  the  richness  of  your  soil,  and  its  arrangement  the  fertility  of 
brain." 

New  Jersey  Man:    "This  beats  everything  else  in  this  building." 
Missouri  Man:   "You  have  an  excellent  exhibit.     We  had  three  times  the  money 
you  had,  but  you  beat  us  all  out." 

Commissioner  from  France:    "You  have  a  very  interesting  exhibit." 
Michigan  Man:   "Kansas  is  repeating  the  work  she  did  at  the  Centennial,  leading 
everything." 

Iowa  Man:   "This  beats  everything  but  Iowa,  and  theirs  is  no  better." 
Illinois  Man:    "I  feel  that  I  cannot  compliment  you  too  highly  on  your  exhibit. 
I  must  vote  for  Kansas  the  first  place." 

Massachusetts  Man:  "We  give  Kansas  the  cake;  in  exhibit  and  artistic  design 
they  do  n't  come  near  you." 

Texas  Man:  "Your  agricultural  exhibit  is  the  most  beautiful  thing  I  ever  saw  in 
that  line." 

Wisconsin  Man:  "Kansas,  I  say  good  for  you;  I  never  before  thought  so  hand- 
some a  place  could  be  made  of  grain." 

Rhode  Island  Man:  "Without  any  reserve,  I  say  you  have  the  finest  exhibit  on 
the  grounds." 

Indiana  Man:  "You  have  a  wonderful  exhibit.  It  is  beautiful  as  well  as  excel- 
lent." 


70  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

Nebraska  Man:  "We  are  neighbors,  but  we  must  give  you  the  praise  of  beating 
us." 

Pennsylvania  Man:  "I  have  taken  pleasure  in  examining  your  products.  You 
are  far  in  advance  of  your  Philadelphia  exhibit  in  1876." 

Virginia  Man:  "Splendid!  If  a  farmer  in  our  state  should  see  this,  he  would 
•either  commit  suioide  or  move  to  Kansas." 

Tennessee  Man:  "You  have  the  most  complete  and  beautiful  exhibit  I  have  seen 
on  the  grounds." 

Ex-United  States  Senator  B.  W.Perkins:  "Kansas  shows  up  well;  none  of  them 
look  better." 

Topeka,  Kas.,  Lady:  "This  will  do;  I  think  I  will  tie  a  blue  ribbon  on  this  ex- 
hibit." 

Mexican  Man:    "Kansas  is  the  finest  country  here." 

Oklahoma  Man:  "I  thought  we  had  the  best  country  in  the  world,  but  this  looks 
as  though  we  would  have  to  take  it  back." 

Washington,  D.  C.,  Lady:  "In  every  field  and  department  we  go,  Kansas  leads 
them  all." 

Mr.  McBridc  ( late  Kansas  insurance  commissioner):  " I  am  delighted  with  this 
•exhibit." 

Canada  Man:  "We  have  felt  that  our  exhibit  led  all  else,  but  since  we  have  seen 
jours,  we  think  you  beat  us." 

Kentucky  Man:   "Kansas  always  manages  to  get  to  the  front  at  the  fair." 

Ex-Governor  Pelham,  of  Maine:  "You  have  a  beautiful  exhibit;  it  does  great 
•credit  to  your  state." 

New  York  Lady  and  Husband:  "My  husband  is  an  architect  by  trade.  We  have 
examined  your  exhibit  carefully  and  we  agree  that  it  is  the  handsomest  agricultural 
exhibit  we  ever  saw." 

Indiana  Man:  "Well,  I  expected  to  see  Kansas  make  a  good  agricultural  exhibit, 
but  I  did  not  expect  to  see  you  clean  all  the  boys  up  in  this  style." 

New  York  Man:  "Most  wonderful!  there  is  nothing  like  it;  your  designer  had 
great  skill." 

The  following  is  a  list  of  Kansas  entries  for  competition  in  the  agricultural 
building: 

Nos.  1  to  31,  Wheat.—  Gotlieb  Adam,  Marysville;  A.  Anderson,  Marysville;  P.  E. 
Butler,  Glasyo;  S.  H.  Cramer,  Ottawa;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  Frank  Belong,  Belle- 
ville; S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha;  G.  B.  Domnyer,  New  Cambria;  W.  W.  Eddie,  Marys- 
ville; J.  K.  Edwards,  Phillipsburg;  J.  D.  Foster,  Washington;  B.  D.  French,  Concordia; 
J.  H.  Fritz,  Riley;  Thos.  Gillespie,  Salina;  H.  W.  Hoffman,  Salina;  H.  A.  Huston, 
Junction  City;  J.  L.  Johnson,  Marysville;  L.  Landon,  Russell;  W.  S.  Lower,  Holton; 
John  Lazelier,  Linn;  A.  C.  Rait,  Junction  City;  Wm.  Rundle,  Clay  Centre;  A.  Shrieve, 
Wamego;  W.  H.  Smith,  Topeka;  J.  H.  Sayles,  Norcatur;  S.  B.  Wilson,  Clay  Centre; 
Cyrus  Wray,  Salina;  S.  T.  Collins,  Belleville;  G.  Y.  Johnson,  Willis;  D.  C.  Bowersox, 
Belleville;  W.  A.  Gordon,  Abilene. 

Nos.  32  to  75,  Wheat  in  Straw. — Fred.  Auble,  Medicine  Lodge;  E.  Baxter,  Wood- 
land; George  Binder,  Waterville;  J.  O.  Butler,  Topeka;  S.  Clinents,  Grantville;  B.  F. 
Dawson,  Topeka;  S.  Elmore,  Topeka;  G.  Frisbie,  Grantville;  E.  A.  Goodall,  Topeka; 
J.  F.  Goodwin,  Menoken;  J.  P.  Hall,  Medicine  Lodge;  F.  Ham,  Grantville;  W.  J.  Ham, 
Grantville;  E.  Hinney,  Ames;  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  Silver  Lake;  G.  Y.  Johnson,  Willis; 
C.  O.  Kriepe,  Tecumseh;  G.  F.  Lundstrom,  McPherson;  R.  J.  McAtee,  Hiawatha; 
James  McHenry,  Grantville;  Wm.  McHenry.  Grantville;  August  Neck,  Emporia;  L. 
H.  Pounds,  Topeka;  J.  B.  Reed,  Tecnmseh;  Jacob  Roler,  Menoken;  E.  E.  Ross,  Men- 
oken; T.  S.  Runyan,  Medicine  Lodge;  J.  Rush,  Menoken;  M.  P.  Simpson,  McPher- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  71 

son;  J.  Smelser,  Mencken;  Fred.  Sommers,  Concordia;  Harvey  Stone,  Medicine 
Lodge;  C.  W.  Stover,  Topeka;  G.  Underwood,  Grantville;  Joseph  Webber,  Osborne, 
Orville  Webber,  Pellerville;  I.  P.  Winslow,  Padonia;  J.  D.  Ziler,  Hiawatha;  J.  F. 
Greene,  Lawrence;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka;  John  Kern,  Bonner  Springs;  J.  P.  Car- 
ter, Solomon  City;  Frank  McConnel,  Salina;  A.  P.  Collins,  Salina. 

Nos.  76  to  115,  Corn.— A..  P.  Collins,  Salina;  T.  A.  Cullinan,  Junction  City;  A.  Det- 
lor,  Topeka;  J.  F.  Eamheart,  Howard;  John  Fulcomer,  Belleville;  B.  J.  Hammett, 
Schroyer;  C.  A.  Hammett,  Schroyer;  L.Hammond,  Scandia;  James  Irvin,  Gardner; 
Wm.  Johnson,  Gardner;  A.  E.  Jones,  Topeka;  E.  G.  Koder,  Manhattan;  James  Price, 
Morganville;  Charles  Reed,  Prairie  Centre;  Thomas  Rodgers,  Prairie  Centre;  S. 
Severy,  Reading;  D.  W.  Stanley,  Holton;  J.  F.  Streeter,  Junction  City;  F.  G.  Wal- 
ton, Florence;  Isaac  Wilmer,  Parsons;  B.  L.  Wilson,  Salina;  S.  Wolf,  Ottawa. 

Ear  Corn.— W.  E.  Snyder,  Hiawatha;  P.  K.  Fisher,  Morrill;  Adam  Rankin,  11 
samples,  5  white,  6  yellow,  Olathe;  F.  E.  Myers,  Whiting;  G.  W.  Stevenson,  Sabetha; 
F.  Lemley,  Hiawatha;  Adam  Rankin,  Olathe. 

Shelled  Corn.— E.  V.  Sayers,  Ottawa;  James  McFarland,  Ottawa;  C.  F.  Wolf,  Ot- 
tawa; J.  C.  Currey,  Prairie  Centre. 

Corn  on  Stalk.—  N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  J.  H.  Jones, 
Troy;  Adam  Rankin,  5  samples  yellow  and  5  white,  Olathe;  S.  Severy,  Reading. 

Kaffir  Corn. —  Joel  A.  Stratton,  Reading. 

Sweet  Corn. —  F.  Lemley,  Hiawatha. 

Nos.  116  to  133,  Oats — Thomas  Anderson,  Salina;  N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka; 
H.  H.  Collins,  Belleville;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  F.  Fry,  Salina;  Chas.  Hatje,  Glasco; 
H.  W.  Hoffman,  Salina;  J.  R.  Knox,  Manhattan;  Wm.  Kossow,  Maysville;  L.  Lan- 
don,  Russell;  W.  S.  Lower,  Holton;  Dick  Myers,  Riley;  W.  P.  Peak,  Belleville;  A.  C. 
Rait,  Junction  City;  James  Sullivan,  Salina;  W.  G.  Swift,  Clay  Centre;  J.  E.  Van- 
natta,  Belleville;  Erich  Wiberg,  Clay  Centre. 

Nos.  134  to  144,  Oats  in  Straw.— N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  Buchee  Bros.,  Mc- 
Pherson;  J.  Cowgill,  McPherson;  Otis  Dalton,  Topeka;  L.  Goose,  Topeka;  J.  H. 
Jones,  Troy;  George  Kilmer,  Oskaloosa;  Rush  Bros.,  Topeka;  Washburn  College, 
Topeka;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka;  J.  B.  Case,  Abilene. 

Nos.  145  to  149,  Barley.— A.  M.  Claflin,  Salina;  S.  H.  Cramer,  white,  hull-less,  Ot- 
tawa; Peter  Pfeifer,  Osborne;  S.  H.  Williams,  Abilene;  S.  H.  Cramer,  black,  hull-less, 
Ottawa. 

Nos.  150  to  152,  Barley  in  Straw. — J.  Regole,  Burlingame;  S.  P.  Hodges,  Portland; 
A.  P.  Riordan,  McLouth. 

Nos.  153  to  160,  Rye  in  Straw.— Eli  Benedict,  Medicine  Lodge;  S.  Detweiler,  Hia- 
watha; Ethel  Dick,  Topeka;  G.  Frisbie,  Grantville;  J.  H.  Jones,  Troy;  L.  Landon, 
Russell;  J.  C.  Necum,  Tecumseh;  J.  G.  Pratt,  Maywood. 

No.  161,  Buckwheat.— Adam  Rankin,  Olathe. 

Nos.  162  to  164,  Orchard  Gross.— N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  Theo.  Krippe,  Topeka; 
H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner  Springs. 

JVos.  165  to  174,  Timothy. — H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner  Springs;  J.  Bengole,  Burlingame; 
John  Brandscom,  Grantville;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha;  Jacob 
Miller,  Newman;  Wm.  A.  Mosher,  Lawrence;  J.  J.  Norris,  North  Topeka;  S.  Wilson, 
Grantville;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka. 

Nos.  175  to  183,  Millet.— N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  F. 
Driscal,  Wichita;  A.  E.  Jones,  Topeka;  J.  H.  Jones,  Troy;  Frank  Mangole,  Newman; 
J.  B.  Sims,  Topeka;  F.  M.  Spangler,  Marysville;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka. 

Nos.  184  to  192,  Alfalfa. — Andrew  Shreive,  Clyde;  Otis  Dalton,  Topeka;  Thomas 
Anderson,  Salina;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  Jeff.  Dasflap,  Osborne;.  S.  P.  Fisher,  Me- 


72  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

Pherson;  Anson  Miller,  Chico;  John  H.  Churchill,  Dodge  City;  Samuel  Westbrook, 
Garden  City. 

Nos.  193  to  198,  Kentucky  Blue  Grass. — N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  A.  P.  Rior- 
dan,  McLouth;  E.  Baxter,  Waveland;  E.  Zimmerman,  Hiawatha;  H.  H.  Kern,  Bon- 
ner  Springs;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka. 

Nos.  199  to  204,  English  Blue  Grass.— J.  B.  Sims,  Topeka;  S.  Dick,  Topeka; 
Adam  Kathay,  Hamilton;  Baxter  Waverland,  Topeka;  Thomas  Buckman,  Topeka; 
John  Kern,  Bonner  Springs. 

Nos.  205  and  206,  Redtop  Grass.— D.  P.  Hoagland,  Olathe;  Thos.  Hart,  Hiawatha. 

Nos.  207  to  213,  Red  Clover.— N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha; 
Thomas  Hart,  Hiawatha;  J.  M.  Lannier,  Derby;  Joseph  L.  Webber,  Osborne;  J.  D. 
Ziller,  Hiawatha;  G.  G.  McConnel,  Menoken. 

No.  214,  Clover  Seed. — J.  H.  Delivan,  Lawrence. 

No.  215,  Sorghum,  Cane  Sugar,  and  Syrup. —  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway 
Company,  Parsons. 

No.  216,  Sorghum  Canes. — •  Twenty-four  varieties,  non-saccharine  canes.  Seed 
from  India,  1891.  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan. 

Nos.  217  to  238,  Potatoes.— Early  Vermont,  Bermudas,  Empire,  White  Pearl,  and 
Early  Ohio,  by  J.  P.  Stevenson,  Sabetha;  Early  Ohio,  H.  P.  Ewing,  Lawrence;  Early 
Ohio,  E.  R.  Hays,  Topeka;  Early  Ohio,  S.  H.  Downs,  Topeka;  Mammoth  Pearl,  E.  R. 
Hays,  Topeka;  Early  Ohio  and  Belle  of  Michigan,  by  Wm.  Schwartz,  Burlingame; 
Peach  Blow,  Green  Mountain,  Early  Beauty,  Early  Rose,  Mammoth  Pearl,  Burbank 
Seedling,  Red,  Blue  Victors,  Red  Peach  Blow,  and  Early  Ohio,  by  E.  R.  Hays,  To- 
peka; Victor,  W.  A.  Doyle,  Achilles. 

Nos.  239  to  243,  Sweet  Potatoes.— Red,  Yellow  Nansemond,  and  Southern  Queen, 
by  S.  H.  Downs,  Topeka;  Yellow  Nansemond  and  Early  Anthemum,  by  John  Arm- 
strong, Topeka. 

Nos.  244  to  246,  Beets.— Turnip  and  Long  Red  Blood,  by  J.  P.  Stevenson,  Sa- 
betha; Long  Red  Blood,  P.  P.  Fadley,  Hiawatha. 

Nos.  247  to  319,  Onions. — By  the  State  Agricultural  College,  the  following  varieties: 
Cross  &  Blackwell's  Silver  Pickling,  Extra  Early  Barletta,  Extra  Early  Pearl,  Early 
Hard  White  Dutch,  Hard  Round  Silverskin,  Ivory  Ball,  Large  White  Silverskin,  New 
White  Bunch,  Paris  Pickling.  Round  White  Silverskin,  Giant  White  Rocca,  White 
Victoria,  Thoburn's  Excelsior  White  Pickling,  White  Bunch,  White  Globe,  White  Prize 
Winner,  Queen,  White  Rocca,  White  Flat  Bermuda,  White  Maggiojola,  White  Portugal, 
White  Bartletta,  White  or  Silverskin,  White  Pearl,  Early  Red  Globe,  Globe  Madeira. 
Red  Rocca,  Giant  Rocca  of  Naples,  Mammoth  Pompeii,  Red  Victoria,  Light  Red  Giant 
Rocca,  Madrid  Giant,  Red  Giant  Rocca,  Large  Red  Globe,  Flat  Maderia,  Red  Bassan, 
Yellow  Flat  Danvers,  Early  Red  Flat,  Large  Red  Tripoli,  Extra  Early  Red,  Bloom- 
dale  Extra  Early  Red,  Pale  Red  Bermuda,  Giant  Rocca,  Yellow  Flat  Danvers,  Early 
Yellow  Cracker,  Giant  Yellow  Rocca,  Golden  Ball,  Large  Yellow  Globe,  Michigan 
Yellow  Globe,  Nasby's  Mammoth,  Prize  Taker,  Prize  Taker  Livingston,  Round 
Yellow  Danvers,  Yellow  Strasburg,  Yellow  Globe  Danvers,  Yellow  Globe  Spanish, 
Yellow  Danvers,  Adriatic  Bartletta,  Early  Pearl,  Philadelphia  Yellow,  El  Passo,  Early 
Barletta,  Extra  Early  White  Pearl,  Early  Flat  Halian  Tripoli,  Giant  White  Tripoli, 
Giant  White  Tripoli,  Silver  Ball,  Leonard's  Chicago  Silverskin,  Mammoth  White 
Garganns,  Marzajola,  Neopolitan  Marzajola,  New  Queen,  Spanish  King.  Also,  the 
following:  Yellow  Rocca  Sets,  White  Rocca  Sets,  Red  Rocca  Sets,  and  Yellow  Rocca, 
by  F.  Barteldes,  Lawrence;  Yellow  Wethersfield,  by  H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner  Springs; 
Silverskin,  Yellow  Giant  Rocca,  and  Red  Wethersfield,  by  S.  H.  Downs,  Topeka;  Red 
Rocca,  by  H.  P.  Ewing,  Loring;  Yellow  Wethersfield,  by  R.  W.  Scott,  Junction  City 


Q 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  73 

Nos.  350  and  331,  Broom  Corn. — F.  J.  Haskinson,  Marquette;  Harvey  Season, 
Wheeler. 

Nos.  332  and  333,  Squash. — F.  Barteldes,  Lawrence. 

No.  334,  Watermelon. — E.  R.  Hays,  Topeka. 

Nos.  335  to  339,  Flax.— N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  Joseph  Sturdy,  Waveland; 
John  T.  Six,  Wakarasa;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  Geo.  Tincher,  Elmont. 

No.  340,  Cotton. — Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railway  Company,  Parsons. 

No.  341,  Walnut  Log.—  State  of  Kansas  (in  the  forestry  building). 

Mining  Exhibit. 

All  the  preliminary  work  for  the  mining  exhibit  was  done  by  Professors 
Haworth  and  Williston,  of  the  State  University,  under  the  direction  of  the 
old  Board.  The  arrangement  with  those  gentlemen  was  continued  by  the 
present  Board,  and  active  work  was  begun  immediately  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Board,  and,  by  dint  of  close  application  and  the  assistance  of  citi- 
zens wherever  called  upon,  an  exhibit  was  finally  made  which  called  forth 
surprise  and  admiration  from  many  thousands  of  visitors. 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  material  was  donated,  large  quantities  were 
kindly  loaned,  a  few  choice  specimens  were  rented,  and  the  remainder  was 
purchased.  The  principal  donors  were :  The  Lyons  Rock  Salt  Company,  of 
Lyons,  which  donated  tons  of  rock  salt  to  be  used  in  making  the  installation, 
and  two  barrels  of  choice  specimens  to  be  exhibited  in  show  cases. 

The  Best-Keene  Cement  Company,  of  Medicine  Lodge,  wh  ch  gave  large 
amounts  of  massive  gypsum,  for  installation  purposes,  and  good  samples  of 
the  manufactured  products.  Many  mine  operators  and  private  citizens  of 
Galena  gave  liberally  of  the  products  of  their  mines.  Col.  W.  B.  Stone,  of 
Galena,  loaned  6,000  pounds  of  pig  lead,  and  the  Cherokee  Spelter  Com- 
pany, of  Weir  City  and  Pittsburg,  loaned  4,000  of  metallic  zinc. 

So  far  as  practicable,  everything  was  prepared  for  erection  before  it  left  the 
state.  The  woodwork  was  all  made  at  home,  and  a  total  of  three  car  loads 
of  material  was  shipped.  Everything  was  practically  in  place  and  ready 
for  exhibition  by  the  opening  day,  May  1,  although  considerable  "fixing  up" 
was  subsequently  indulged  in. 

About  the  1st  of  June  a  pamphlet  was  issued,  giving  the  extent,  and  value 
of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  state,  75,000  copies  of  which  were  distributed 
during  the  remaining  five  months ;  also,  many  thousand  small  souvenir  spec- 
imens of  rock  salt  and  other  minerals  were  given  away  to  visitors  who  seemed 
especially  interested  in  the  exhibit. 

The  space  granted  Kansas  in  the  mining  building  was  very  favorably  lo- 
cated, in  the  northeastern  part  on  the  first  floor.  It  joined  the  wall  of  the 
building  on  the  north.  The  main  aisle  trending  north  and  south  through 
the  middle  of  the  east  half  of  the  floor,  and  separating  the  mining  exhibit 
proper  from  that  of  mining  machinery,  passed  along  the  east  side.  The  most 
prominent  east  and  west  aisle  in  the  whole  building  passed  it  on  the  south, 
while  a  very  convenient  short  aisle,  leading  from  one  of  the  main  doors  on 


74  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

the  north,  formed  its  western  boundary.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  was  a  more 
prominent  corner  in  the  whole  building. 

The  materials  exhibited  were :  Metallic  lead,  lead  ores,  metallic  zinc,  zinc 
ores,  rock  salt,  and  gypsum,  with  different  kinds  of  cement,  plaster,  etc.,  made 
therefrom. 

Additional  space,  just  west  of  that  described  above,  was  given  the  state, 
but  it  was  turned  over  to  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  railroad,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  an  extensive  fuel  exhibit,  in  which  coal  from  the  leading 
coal  districts  in  the  state  was  to  be  included.  Unfortunately,  the  coal  miners' 
strike,  early  in  May,  prevented  the  erection  of  this  exhibit ;  it  was  then  too 
late  for  the  state  to  take  the  matter  in  hand ;  so  that  the  only  Kansas  coal  ex- 
hibited was  two  large  pyramids  erected  on  the  grounds  near  the  state  build- 
ing. It  is  but  fair  to  add  that  most  of  the  leading  coal  companies  of  the  state 
were  invited  to  make  exhibits  of  their  own  in  the  Kansas  space  in  the  mining 
building,  but  none  chose  to  do  so. 

Professor  "Williston  exhibited  various  kinds  of  building  materials  in  the 
same  space. 

In  erecting  the  building,  a  floor  was  first  laid  seven  inches  above  the  main 
floor.  On  top  of  this,  a  wall  was  built  17  inches  high,  of  rock  salt  dressed 
like  building  stone,  on  top  of  which  was  placed  a  course  of  solid  gypsum 
slabs,  sawed  7  by  12  inches.  Five  openings  were  left  in  the  wall,  in  each  of 
which  was  placed  a  nicely-dressed  white-limestone  step,  from  our  famous 
Cottonwood  Falls  quarries.  The  salt  and  gypsum  thus  employed  produced  a 
beautiful  effect,  and  also  served  as  a  part  of  the  exhibit. 

On  either  side  of  the  main  entrance  on  the  south,  two  pyramids  were  built 
of  solid  galena,  three  feet  high,  which  supported  a  massive  arch,  on  which 
the  name  KANSAS  was  painted  in  black  and  gold,  so  that  it  could  be  read  300 
feet  away.  On  either  side  of  this  arch,  a  pyramid  12  feet  high  was  built  of 
the  rougher  ores  of  lead  and  zinc.  Some  very  choice  pieces  of  ore  were 
placed  in  these  pyramids ;  in  the  southeast  one,  the  most  remarkable  specimen 
of  lead  ore,  galena,  was  placed  which  was  exhibited  at  the  fair.  It  weighed 
over  600  pounds,  about  450  or  500  pounds  of  which  was  pure  galena.  The 
most  peculiar  feature  about  it  was  its  perfect  crystallization.  The  cubes  of 
galena  were  of  immense  size,  some  of  them  being  fully  62  inches  across,  while 
perhaps  no  one  was  less  than  two  inches.  No  other  lead-ore  specimens  at  all 
approaching  this  ore  in  magnificence  could  be  found  in  the  whole  building. 

In  the  central  part  of  the  floor  stood  a  square  show  case,  four  feet  on  a  side  ; 
for  a  base,  four  long  slabs  of  rock  salt  were  neatly  dressed,  which  lifted  the 
case  15  inches  from  the  floor.  This  little  case  was  equivalent  to  one  16  feet 
long,  and  was  devoted  to  the  best  specimens  of  lead  and  zinc  ores.  The  best 
crystallized  varieties  of  lead  ore  were  placed  on  the  southeast  side,  and  formed 
a  collection  pronounced  by  experts  to  be  as  fine  as  had  ever  been  exhibited 
in  America.  On  the  southwest  side  the  massive  pieces  of  lead  ore  were 
placed,  the  brilliant  cleavage  faces  of  which  attracted  more  attention  from 
the  ordinary  visitor  than  anything  else  in  the  exhibit.  The  two  back  sides 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 


75 


of  the  case  were  devoted  to  zinc  ores.  This  one  case  contained  at  least  3,000 
pounds  of  ores.  Quite  a  large  number  of  other  specimens  also  were  placed 
in  other  cases. 

Immediately  west  of  the  square  case  a  hexagonal  pyramid  of  metallic  zinc 
was  erected,  16  feet  high,  containing  about  4,000  pounds  of  the  metal,  which 
was  kindly  loaned  the  exhibit  by  the  Cherokee  Spelter  Company,  of  Weir 
City.  On  the  east  of  the  square  case,  a  six-sided  column  was  built  of  pig 
lead,  to  a  height  of  about  10  feet  above  the  floor,  containing  no  less  than  6,000 
pounds  of  lead,  which  was  loaned  to  the  exposition  by  Col.  W.  B.  Stone,  of 
Galena,  Kas. 

Back  of  these  a  double-faced  case  was  placed  on  a  gypsum  base,  holding 
it  15  inches  above  the  floor,  which  was  principally  devoted  to  the  building- 
stone  exhibit.  Immediately  back  of  this,  and  against  the  wall,  stood  a  single 
case  with  a  vitrified-brick  support,  one-half  of  which  contained  the  best  speci- 
mens of  rock  salt,  the  remainder  being  devoted  to  building  materials  and 
ores.  The  wall  spaces  and  corners  at  either  end  of  this  case  were  filled  with 
large  pieces  of  salt,  some  of  which  weighed  nearly  1,000  pounds  each. 

The  whole  exhibit  was  thus  placed  in  an  unusually  compact  form,  and 
was  so  arranged  that  it  presented  a  massive  appearance,  thus  indicating  the 
abundance  of  material  we  have  to  draw  from. 

Samples  of  the  metallic  lead,  metallic  zinc  and  rock  salt  were  analyzed  by 
Mr.  Carey,  the  official  chemist  of  the  mining  department,  the  results  of  which 
were  so  satisfactory  that  they  may  be  reproduced  here : 


KANSAS  (Cherokee) 
Zinc  

SPELTER. 
98.244 

KANSAS  SALT 
Salt 

(Lyons  Rock  Salt  Co.) 
99  9395 

Lead 

1  Oil 

0185 

745 

0175 

0180 

KANSAS  LEAD  (Color 

el  Stone's). 

Magnesium  

0065 

Lead  

99.9293 
0166 

100.0000 

Iron  

0036 

Bromine  

Trace 

Silver  .'  
Nickel  
Bismuth  

0004 
Trace 
None 

Iodine  
Sulphates  
Phosphates  
Nitrates 

None 
None 
None 

Cadmium  

None 

100.0000 

The  metals  were  taken  directly  from  the  smelting  furnaces,  and  had  not 
been  refined ;  the  sample  of  salt  was  selected.  The  above  results  are  most 
satisfactory,  especially  for  the  lead  and  salt.  The  lead  has  a  higher  degree 
of  purity  than  many  samples  have  after  passing  through  purifying  processes, 
while  the  salt  is  much  superior  to  the  average  "pure"  salt  to  be  found  in  the 
markets.  • 

Every  exhibit  made  by  this  department  received  an  award.  In  the  min- 
ing building,  the  awards  were  not  graded  "first,"  "second,"  etc.,  but  were 
given  where  especially  meritorious  exhibits  were  made.  From  the  very  out- 
set, it  was  determined  to  make  no  exhibit  which  could  not  be  brought  to  a 


76  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

high  degree  of  perfection,  both  in  the  quality  of  the  material  and  in  the  mode 
of  exhibiting  it.  The  very  satisfactory  results  just  mentioned  speak  for 
themselves,  so  that  comment  is  unnecessary. 

One  of  the  duties  of  the  attendant  was  to  distribute  souvenir  specimens  of 
minerals,  and  certain  literature  especially  prepared  for  the  occasion.  Masses  of 
rock  salt,  lead  ore  and  zinc  ore  were  broken  into  attractive  looking  pieces,  from 
a  half  inch  to  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  handed  out  piece  by  piece  to  those  who 
showed  interest  in  such  matters.  A.  conservative  estimate  would  place  the 
number  of  pieces  thus  distributed  at  not  less  than  200,000,  which  means  that 
as  many  visitors  went  home  carrying  with  them  a  tangible  reminder  of  the 
rich  mines  of  Kansas. 

The  lead  and  zinc  ores  come  exclusively  from  Cherokee  county,  although 
small  amounts  of  the  ores  have  been  found  in  other  places. 

Our  zinc  smelters  are  located  in  Cherokee  and  Crawford  counties,  and 
yield  the  largest  amount  of  metallic  zinc  per  year  of  any  state  in  America. 

Our  coal  comes  almost  entirely  from  the  eastern  half  of  the  state,  although 
some  of  the  western  counties  produce  brown  coal  of  considerable  value. 

Our  building  stones  are  unlimited  in  quantity,  and  are  evenly  distributed 
over  a  greater  portion  of  the  state,  so  that  but  few  counties  have  none. 

Kansas  has  salt  enough  to  supply  the  world  for  1,000,000  years,  and  it  is 
of  as  good  quality  as  can  be  found  anywhere. 

Our  plaster  and  cement  industries  are  rapidly  increasing,  with  every  pros- 
pect that  in  a  few  years  the  output  will  approach  $1,000,000  annually. 

Oil  and  natural  gas  already  are  obtained  in  paying  quantities  in  different 
places  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state.  They  already  supply  light  and 
fuel  for  different  thriving  cities,  thereby  saving  annually  many  thousands  of 
dollars. 

Our  clays  are  known  to  be  abundant  and  of  good  quality,  especially  those 
suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  vitrified  brick. 

As  the  demands  for  such  products  increase  the  output  of  our  mines  will 
correspondingly  increase,  so  that  we  may  reasonably  expect  heavier  develop- 
ment along  this  line  in  the  future. 

In  different  places  within  our  state  valuable  deposits  of  mineral  paints  are 
known  to  exist,  some  of  which  are  already  placed  upon  the  market  and  others 
will  be  in  the  near  future. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  add  that  this  exhibit  has  been  a  most  excellent 
advertisement  to  the  state  along  lines  which  previously  had  been  largely  neg- 
lected. It  was  a  most  common  remark  by  visitors,  that  they  did  not  know 
Kansas  had  any  lead  and  zinc  mines,  or  salt  mines,  or  smelting  furnaces. 
Those  who  were  better  informed  still  had  but  a  faint  conception  of  the  real 
magnitude  of  our  mining  interests.  When  told  that  our  mines  were  more 
than  a  fourth  as  productive  as  those  of  the  great  mining  state  of  Colorado,  great 
surprise  was  expressed ;  but  when  it  was  added  that  our  mines  and  smelters 
brought  our  state  an  annual  income  equal  to  one-fourth  the  market  value  of 
all  the  silver  mined  in  the  United  States,  it  could  hardly  be  believed.  Such 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  77 

exhibits  show  to  the  world  that,  in  addition  to  our  greatness  along  the  better- 
known  lines  of  agriculture  and  stock  raising,  we  also  have  relatively  impor- 
tant industries  founded  upon  mineral  wealth,  which  cannot  be  destroyed  by 
drought  or  insect  pests,  and  which  constantly  yield  a  hundredfold  profit. 

The  Kansas  exhibit  of  building  and  ornamental  stones  in  the  department 
of  mines  and  mining  comprised  about  150  specimens,  averaging  six  inches 
square  by  half  as  many  in  thickness,  with  one  side  smoothed  and  polished 
and  the  others  rough  or  chiseled. 

Each  specimen  was  accompanied  by  a  large  label  showing  the  geological 
position  and  the  locality,  together  with  a  full  chemical  analysis,  the  crushing 
strength  per  square  inch,  the  weight  per  cubit  foot,  specific  gravity,  and  a 
magnificent  photograph  of  the  structure  made  upon  a  thin  slice  of  the  stone. 

The  collection  comprised  specimens  from  the  following  places,  many  of  the 
localities  being  represented  by  several  different  geological  horizons: 

Subcarboniferous.  Limestone  from  Galena,  Cherokee  county ;  one  of  the 
handsomest  and  at  the  same  time  most  useful  building  and  ornamental  stones 
of  the  state. 

Carboniferom.  A  number  of  specimens  of  excellent  paving  stones  from 
the  vicinity  of  South  Mound,  Neosho  county.  The  stones  in  this  locality  are 
in  every  respect  like  those  from  the  famous  Fort  Scott  quarries,  though  occur- 
ring in  fewer  layers.  From  Montgomery  county,  some  five  or  six  specimens 
of  excellent  sandstones,  from  an  inexhaustible  quarry,  and  a  specimen  of  the 
most  ornamental  shell  marble  to  be  found  in  the  state.  From  Crawford 
county,  excellent  paving  stones  like  those  of  Fort  Scott,  from  the  vicinity  of 
Farlington.  From  Allen  county,  aside  from  a  number  of  good  limestones 
from  Humboldt,  several  specimens  of  the  limestone  from  the  noted  lola 
quarry — a  massive  limestone  of  over  30  feet  in  thickness,  and  of  excellent 
quality.  From  Wilson  county,  specimens  of  what  seems  to  be  the  most  use- 
ful ornamental  stone  yet  known.  While  not  as  handsome  as  the  Independence 
shell  marble,  it  is  firmer  in  texture,  and  occurs  in  larger  masses.  From 
Woodson  county,  specimens  of  the  heavy  sandstones  in  the  vicinity  of  Yates 
Center,  and  a  good  ornamental  limestone.  From  Chautauqua  and  Elk 
counties,  massive  sandstones  and  ornamental  limestones.  It  is  of  interest  to 
observe  that  most  of  the  ornamental  stones  of  the  state,  so  far,  occur  in  the 
southern  and  eastern  counties. 

From  Linn  county,  paving  stones  like  those  of  Fort  Scott,  though  occur- 
ring in  only  a  small  number  of  layers.  The  most  interesting  stones  from  this 
locality,  however,  are  the  strongly  bituminous  sandstones,  so  impregnated  as 
to  be  combustible,  and  doubtless  capable  of  economic  uses. 

From  Anderson  county,  specimens  of  five  or  six  limestones  of  good  qual- 
ity, from  Garnett  and  Greeley. 

From  Franklin  county,  in  addition  to  the  excellent  blue  limestone  from 
Ottawa,  of  which  the  new  university  building  there  is  composed,  specimens 
of  excellent  colite,  from  Lane. 


78  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair, 

From  Douglas,  Johnson,  Wyandotte  and  Leavenworth  counties,  a  dozen 
or  more  specimens  of  good,  but  not  especially  noteworthy,  limestones. 

Shawnee,  Atchison,  Doniphan,  Brown  and  Nemaha  counties  are  each  rep- 
resented by  one  or  more  specimens  of  good  limestone  from  developed  quarries. 

The  chief  and  altogether  the  best  limestones  of  the  state  are  from  the  up- 
per carboniferous  strata,  from  an  horizon  which  is  traceable  across  the  state 
from  east  of  Marys ville,  on  the  north,  to  Cambridge,  Cowley  county,  on  the 
south.  This  stone  was  represented  by  numerous  specimens  from  Beattie,  in 
Marshall  county;  Manhattan,  in  Riley  county;  Alma,  in  Wabaunsee  county  ; 
Strong  City,  in  Chase  county,  and  Cambridge,  in  Cowley  county.  While  the 
stones  from  all  these  localites  have  a  strong  resemblance,  there  are  no  two 
alike,  either  in  composition  or  structure.  The  stone  is  a  comparatively  coarse 
framiniferal  limestone,  incapable  of  polish,  the  most  of  them  capable  of  with- 
standing exposure  better  than  most  of  the  stones  in  the  more  eastern  part  of 
the  state.  From  the  uppermost  carboniferous  or  Permian  stratum  there  is  an 
equally  distinct  horizon,  further  west  than  the  one  just  mentioned.  Specimens 
of  this  stone  were  from  Clay  Centre,  in  Clay  county,  from  Marion,  in  Marion 
county,  and  Winfield  and  Arkansas  City,  in  Cowley  county.  The  stone  is  of 
finer  structure  than  that  of  the  horizon  below,  and,  while  making  an  excellent 
building  stone,  has  not  the  durability  of  some  others.  The  only  magnesian 
stone  yet  found  in  this  state  is  from  this  horizon,  at  Marion  Centre,  a  speci- 
men of  which  was  exhibited. 

Cretaceous.  In  the  western  part  of  the  state,  notwithstanding  the  numerous 
geological  divisions,  the  stones  are,  as  a  rule,  much  inferior  to  those  of  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  state.  Furthermore,  there  is  a  greater  lithological  constancy 
over  larger  areas,  so  that  one  county  will  not  offer  different  kinds  from  those 
of  adjoining  counties.  The  belt  of  sandstone  running  across  the  state,  consti- 
tuting the  Dakota  cretaceous,  is  represented  by  specimens  from  Cloud  and 
Saline  counties.  From  the  succeeding  geological  formation,  the  Fort  Benton 
cretaceous,  there  is  good  serviceable  limestone,  very  common  in  many  coun- 
ties, represented  by  specimens  from  Osborne,  Russell  and  Lincoln  counties. 

From  Lincoln  county,  also,  there  is  a  fine-grained  hard  limestone,  capable 
of  receiving  a  good  polish.  From  the  Niobrara  cretaceous,  overlying  the  Fort 
Benton,  there  are  numerous  specimens  of  chalk  of  different  degrees  of  firm- 
ness, and  varying  in  color  from  the  ocher  of  Trego  county  to  a  clear  white 
chalk,  not  at  all  inferior  to  the  English  chalk ;  this  chalk,  differing  only  in 
color,  occurs  in  many  of  the  western  counties,  and  is  represented  by  speci- 
mens from  Gove,  Logan,  Trego  and  Hamilton  counties.  A  finer-grained 
limestone  at  the  base  of  this  formation,  and  making  a  very  serviceable  build- 
ing stone,  is  represented  by  specimens  from  Hamilton  and  Hodgeman  coun- 
ties; it  occurs  as  far  north  as  Jewell  county. 

Tertiary.  The  uppermost  geological  formation  in  the  state,  the  Loup 
Fork,  offers  no  stone  of  more  than  local  value,  save  the  remarkable  "granite," 
represented  by  specimens  from  Phillips  county,  a  sandstone  composed  of 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  79 

quartz  and  feldspar,  and  exceedingly  hard,  forming  one  of  the  very  best 
stones  for  paving  blocks,  for  which  use  much  of  it  has  been  quarried.  Other 
softer  sandstones  and  sandy  limestones  from  this  formation  were  represented 
in  the  collection  by  specimens  from  Phillips  and  Norton  counties,  though  the 
same  material  occurs  in  most  of  the  counties  of  the  extreme  northwest. 

Specimens  of  gypsum  are  included,  from  the  carboniferous,  at  Blue  Rapids, 
and  the  triassic,  of  Barber  county. 

The  foregoing  gives  very  briefly  an  outline  of  what  this  state  had  to  offer 
in  the  line  of  building  stones,  and  I  believe  that  no  important  building  stone 
of  the  state  was  unrepresented.  Professor  Williston  spent  nearly  five  months 
in  the  field,  traveling,  in  their  collection.  He,  in  conjunction  with  Professor 
Marvin,  of  the  department  of  engineering,  and  Professor  Bailey,  of  the  de- 
partment of  chemistry,  have  in  preparation  an  extended  work  on  the  stones 
of  the  state,  based  upon  the  material  exhibited,  and  which  will  include  a  full 
discussion  of  all  their  properties  and  their  geological  relations.  The  work 
will  be  published  early  in  1894,  and  the  reader  is  referred  to  it  for  further 
information  concerning  any  of  the  specimens. 

Forestry  Exhibit. 

This  exhibit  consisted  of  a  large  walnut  log  15  feet  in  length  and  78 
inches  in  diameter,  containing  over  3,000  feet  of  inch-board  measure,  and  was, 
without  doubt,  the  largest  walnut  log  on  exhibition  at  Jackson  park,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  largest  walnut  log  in  the  world. 

This  mammoth  tree  was  grown  on  the  farm  of  P.  W.  Gowell,  four  miles 
north  of  Linwood,  Leavenworth  county;  bought  and  cut  April  9,  1892,  by 
J.  H.  Rudrow,  for  J.  H.  Verbeck.  It  was  placed  on  exhibition  in  the  for- 
estry building,  where  its  wonderful  size  and  quality  attracted  much  attention. 

An  examination  and  counting  of  the  annual  growth  at  the  time  the  tree  was 
felled  showed  that  it  was  40  years  old  when  Columbus  discovered  America. 

The  State  Agricultural  College  made  a  fine  exhibit  of  the  woods  of 
Kansas,  in  the  Kansas  state  building. 

Live  Stock. 

The  act  of  the  legislature  providing  for  the  exhibit  of  the  industries  of 
the  state  of  Kansas  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  enjoined  upon  the  Board 
of  Managers  a  consideration  of  the  live-stock  interests  of  our  state. 

No  more  important  subject  could  have  been  submitted  to  them,  nor  one 
attended  with  more  difficulties  in  securing  the  proper  exhibition  of  our  live- 
stock industries  at  that  great  fair.  "When  it  is  recollected  that  the  valuation 
of  the  live  stock  of  Kansas  for  1892  was  $109,024,141,  representing,  as  it 
does,  of  the  meat-producing  animals,  the  sum  of  $50,759,496,  it  is  easily  un- 
derstood why  the  legislature  felt  such  a  deep  interest  in  that  part  of  the  do- 
mestic economy  of  our  state.  Adding  to  this  the  fact  that  the  animals 
slaughtered  for  human  food  for  the  year  1892  amounted  to  $35,280,273,  it  was 


80  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

incentive  enough  to  make  an  honest  effort  to  secure  a  representation  of  that 
vast  interest. 

When  it  is  understood  how  difficult  it  is  and  the  time  it  requires  to  pre- 
pare animals  for  exhibition,  especially  where  the  competition  is  to  be  very 
sharp  or  severe,  many  men  of  small  means  would  shrink  from  the  undertak- 
ing, even  though  they  felt  that  they  had  animals  in  their  flocks  and  in  their 
herds  that,  with  an  equal  show,  would  compare  favorably  with  any  others 
that  might  be  exhibited.  It  takes  from  two  to  three  years  to  prepare  a  herd 
of  cattle  for  exhibition  at  a  fair,  and  at  least  one  year  for  swine  and  sheep- 
The  appropriation  being  made  in  March,  1893,  made  it  absolutely  impossible 
for  many  citizens,  who  had  not  been  engaged  in  fitting  their  animals  and 
showing  them  yearly  at  fairs,  to  participate  in  the  Columbian  Exposition. 
But,  notwithstanding  this  fact,  Kansas  made  a  very  creditable  show  of  her 
live  stock,  securing  many  premiums  or  awards  for  the  fine  animals  exhibited. 
In  furthering  the  object  and  purpose  of  the  legislature,  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers, after  their  organization,  caused  to  be  arranged  and  published  a  list  of 
premiums  that  would  be  paid  to  the  owners  of  animals  competing  and  win- 
ning prizes  under  the  Columbian  rules  and  premium  list.  Under  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  it  was  impossible  for  Kansas,  as  a  state, 
or  her  citizens,  to  make  a  competitive  exhibition  with  each  other,  so  that  they 
could  receive  awards  or  premiums  from  the  state.  The  animals  had  to  be 
entered  in  competition  with  those  of  our  own  and  other  countries,  and  were 
compelled  to  take  their  chances  with  the  vast  number  taken  to  that  fair  for 
exhibition.  The  Board  found  that  the  most  that  could  be  done,  and  the  only 
thing  they  could  do,  was  to  offer  premiums  for  all  animals  owned  by  citizens 
of  Kansas  that  received  the  first  and  second  premium  at  the  Columbian  Ex- 
position. For  the  purpose  of  stimulating  an  interest  on  the  part  of  our  citi- 
zens engaged  in  the  breeding  of  fine  stock,  the  following  announcement  was 
made,  and  publicity  given  it  by  the  Kansas  Farmer  and  other  Kansas  pa- 
pers: 

The  Kansas  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  offer  the  following  special  pre- 
miums in  the  breeding  classes  on  animals  owned  and  kept  in  Kansas  by  residents  of 
Kansas,  and  exhibited  by  them  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition: 

dATTLE.— Shorthorns. 
Bull  taking  World's  Columbian  sweepstakes  premium,  $100.  1st  prem.     2d  prem. 

Best  bull,  3  years  or  over $25  00  $20  00 

"       "     2  years  and  under  3  years 2000  1500 

"       "     over  1  year  and  under  2  years , 15  00  10  00 

"       "     under  1  year 1000  500 

Herefords. 
Bull  taking  World's  Columbian  sweeptakes  premium,  $100. 

Best  bull,  3  years  old  or  over $25  00  $20  00 

"        "     2  years  old  and  under  3  years 2000  1500 

"        "     over  1  year  and  under  2  years 15  00  10  00 

"        "     under  1  year 10  00  5  00 

Aberdeen  Angus. 
Bull  taking  World's  Columbian  sweepstakes  premium,  $100. 

Best  bull,  3  years  old  or  over $25  00  $20  00 

"       "     2  years  old  and  under  3  years 2000  1500 

"       "     over  1  year  and  under  2  years 1500  1000 

"       "     underlyear 1000  500 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 


81 


Bull  taking  World's  Columbian  swee 
Best  bull,  3  years  or  over  
"       "     2  years  and  under  3  years  
"       "     over  1  year  and  under  2  years 

Galloways. 
pstakes  premium,  $100. 

1st  prem. 
$25  00 
20  00 
15  00 
10  00 

2dprem. 
$20  00 
15  00 
10  00 
5  00 

Jerseys. 

Cow  of  any  age  taking  World's  Columbian  first  premium,  dairy  test  

$100  00 

"                " 

second  premium,  dairy  test  

50  00 

"               "            "            "                " 

third  premium,  dairy  test  

25  00 

SHEEP.—  Shropshire. 

1st  prem. 

2d  prem. 

B3st  ram,  3  years  or  over  

$2500 

$20  00 

"       "     2  years  and  less  than  3  years.  . 

2000 

15  00 

"       "     1  year  and  under  2  years  

1500 

5  00 

Bast  ram  3  years  or  over 

Merino. 

$25  00 

$20  00 

*  4       '  *     2  years  and  less  than  3  years.  . 

20  00 

15  00 

"       "     1  year  and  under  2  years  

1500 

10  00 

SWINE.  —Berkshire. 

1st  prem. 

2d  prem. 

Best  boar  2  years  or  over 

$25  00 

$20  00 

'  '        *  '      1  year  and  under  2  years 

20  00 

15  00 

44        4  4      under  1  year  

15  00 

10  00 

Poland-China. 

Best  boar,  2  years  or  over  

$25  00 

$20  00 

44       4  '     1  year  and  under  two  yeirs.  . 

2000 

15  00 

44        4  '      under  1  year  

1500 

10  00 

Makin  Bros.,  of  Florence,  made  a  fine  and  very  creditable  show  of  12 
head  of  Hereford  cattle,  and,  in  the  exhibition  in  the  show  ring,  they  made 
a  fine  representation  for  our  state,  and  acquitted  themselves  with  great  credit, 
as  will  be  seen  by  the  number  of  awards  they  received  in  the  show  ring,  in 
competition  with  nearly  300  head  of  splendid  animals  of  that  breed. 

C.  F.  Stone,  of  Peabody,  made  a  fine  and  very  creditable  exhibit  of  several 
head  of  Holstein-Friesians.  The  showing  made  by  Mr.  Stone  was  very  fine. 
Many  of  this  herd  have  stood  tests  as  great  milkers,  in  competition  with  other 
animals ;  and  had  circumstances  permitted  Mr.  Stone  to  have  placed  animals 
of  his  herd  in  the  "  dairy  test,"  he  no  doubt  would  have  shown  animals  equal 
to  any  in  the  exhibit.  The  Holstein-Friesian  society  decided  not  to  place 
that  class  of  animals  in  competition  in  the  "dairy  test,"  which  of  course  re- 
sulted in  excluding  animals  from  Mr.  Stone's  herd. 

The  La  Veta  Jersey  Cattle  Company,  of  Topeka,  made  a  most  creditable 
exhibit  of  that  valuable  and  beautiful  class  of  cattle.  They  were  under  the 
care  of  Mr.  G.  F.  Miller,  president  of  the  company,  who  had  them  in  splen- 
did condition  when  they  were  led  into  the  sh  >w  ring  in  competition  with  over 
200  head  of  Jersey  animals. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Shorthorn  breeders  had  no  representation  of 
that  grand  breed  of  beef-producing  animals  on  exhibition;  but  W.  W.  Walt- 
mire,  of  Carbondale,  exhibited  one  of  his  Shorthorn  cows,  Genevieve,  in 
the  "dairy  test,"  and  she  acquitted  herself  with  credit  and  honor  to  her  owner. 
She  stood  No.  15  in  a  list  of  26. 

Genevieve  was  No.  3-4  in  a  field  of  45  cows,  including  the  pick  of  the  Jer 
seys,  Guernseys,  and  Shorthorns,  iu  the  30-day  dairy  butter  test,  and  made  a 


82  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1898. 

net  profit  for  the  30  days  of  &21.43;  and  her  butter  record  being  43.853 
pounds,  worth  $13.11  \.  Mr.  Waltmire's  Shorthorn  heifer  Aggie  2d  won  (he 
third  prize  in  the  30-day  test  for  heifers  under  three  years  old,  making  the 
most  butter  at  the  least  expense,  in  a  field  of  15. 

R.  S.  Cook,  of  Wichita,  W.  E.  Gresham,  of  Burrton,  and  P.  A.  Pearson, 
of  Kinsley,  all  made  fine  and  grand  shows  of  that  favorite  breed  of  Kansas 
swine,  the  Poland-China,  and  secured  for  themselves  many  compliments  for 
their  fine  herds,  and  a  large  number  of  awards,  as  will  be  shown  under  the 
proper  heading. 

E.  D.  King,  of  Burlington,  made  an  exhibition  of  a  flock  of  50  Merino 
sheep.  This  flock  had  to  compete  with  a  large  number  of  animals  of  this 
class  from  many  parts  of  the  world,  and  in  the  cont-st  Kansas  did  not  take 
second  place.  Mr.  King's  herd  made  a  magnificent  showing,  which  places 
him  in  the  front  rank  as  a  breeder  of  Merino  sheep  and  an  expert  and  dis- 
creet exhibitor  in  the  show  ring.  Of  the  19  ribbons  won  by  Mr.  King,  17 
of  them  were  taken  by  sheep  of  his  own  breeding. 

Henry  Balliet,  of  Tonganoxie,  exhibited  his  French  coach  stallion  Joyua 
(No.  565),  in  competition  with  a  large  number  of  horses  of  that  famous  breed, 
and  in  the  sweepstakes  competition  received  the  fourth  award,  with  the  offi- 
cial ribbon. 

Dairy  Exhibit. 

In  consequence  of  certain  resolutions  and  communications  emanating  from 
the  Kansas  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  and  the  executive  council  of 
the  Kansas  State  Dairy  Association,  R.  L.  Wright  was  appointed  superintend- 
ent in  charge  of  the  dairy  exhibit. 

The  superintendent  could  not  remain  all  the  time  at  Chicago,  as  he  had  to 
collect  the  exhibits  each  month  and  consolidate  the  shipments  at  Kansas  City, 
which  saved  much  time  and  drayage  at  Chicago;  and  it  may  be  permissible 
here  to  note  that  this  work  could  not  have  been  accomplished  with  any  degree 
of  satisfaction  to  the  exhibitors  but  for  the  very  excellent  cold  storage  termi- 
nal arrangements  at  Kansas  City  and  Chicago,  connected  with  both  the  Rook 
Island  and  Santa  Fe  refrigerator  systems.  The  state  exhibit  was  also  materially 
benefited  by  the  addition  of  several  special  pick-up  refrigerator  cars  on  branches 
of  the  Santa  Fe,  where  several  of  the  creameries  were  located.  With  only  a 
few  exceptions,  this  almost  faultless  system  of  refrigerator  service  on  the  two 
great  roads  which  traverse  our  state  and  connect  with  their  own  lines  from 
Kansas  City  to  Chicago  made  it  possible  to  put  Kansas  butter  into  the  dairy 
building  at  Jackson  park  in  as  good  or  better  condition  than  when  h'ist 
loaded  on  the  cars.  We  have  thus  settled  the  question  for  all  time  as  to 
whether  or  not  Kansas  can  become  a  dairy  state. 

The  general  quality  of  the  butter  exhibited  was  good,  some  excellent,  as 
indicated  by  the  scores  received,  and  which  goes  far  to  demonstrate  that  our 
soil,  climate,  grasses,  forage  and  water  are  all  preeminently  adapted  to  the 
production  of  first-quality  butter;  which,  when  combined  with  the  compara- 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  85 

tively  short  winter  season,  must,  at  no  distant  date,  cause  the  intelligent  and 
progressive  dairyman  to  look  to  Kansas  as  the  future  paradise  of  the  dairy 
cow. 

We  made  a  total  of  104  exhibits,  on  24  of  which  World's  Fair  diplomas 
and  medals  were  secured.  Our  exhibit  of  butter  for  the  month  of  June  made 
an  average  score  of  94.54  points. 

In  the  month  of  July  we  made  26  exhibits,  the  average  score  for  which 
was  about  91.79.  It  must  not,  however,  be  inferred  from  the  deficiency  of 
the  July,  as  compared  with  the  June,  scoring  that  the  quality  of  our  butter 
was  inferior.  The  difference  occurred  in  consequence  of  an  entire  change  in 
the  board  of  judges,  whose  standard  of  quality  for  the  months  of  July,  Sep- 
tember and  October  was  much  higher  than  that  by  which  the  June  exhibit 
was  scored.  The  fall  season  appeared  to  be  the  best  part  of  the  year  in 
which  to  prosecute  dairy  work  in  Kansas ;  hence  it  was  that  in  the  months  of 
September  and  October  our  butter  makers  secured  their  highest  honors.  In 
the  month  of  September  we  made  a  total  of  22  exhibits,  nine  of  which  were 
awarded  diplomas  and  medals,  the  average  score  of  the  state  exhibit  being 
considerably  higher  than  those  obtained  by  New  York,  Illinois,  and  Indiana. 
In  October  we  made  21  exhibits,  the  average  score  for  the  state  being  a  frac- 
tion over  93.9  points,  ranging  from  89  to  97,  leading  Nebraska,  Iowa,  and 
Illinois,  in  the  West,  also  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  Vermont,  and  Canada, 
in  the  East.  We  had  only  one  package  of  butter  this  month  that  scored 
down  to  89,  whereas  that  was  the  average  score  of  the  Canadian  exhibit. 

In  a  general  manner  the  above  figures  indicate  the  superior  quality  of  our 
exhibits.  For  a  more  detailed  account,  those  interested  should  refer  to  the 
table  of  scores  made  by  each  exhibitor  and  appended  hereto ;  also,  to  the  list 
of  awards. 

In  October,  J.  E.  George,  of  Burlingame,  exhibited  a  very  fine  package 
of  dairy  butter,  which  secured  a  score  of  96 \  points,  being  marked  41/?  for 
flavor  and  perfect  in  all  other  respects,  the  highest  score  this  month  reached 
by  any  of  our  creameries  being  95  points,  except  in  the  case  of  J.  E.  Nissley, 
whose  points  scored  97.  The  dairy  butter  to  which  reference  has  been  made 
was  also  very  highly  commended  by  the  judges;  and,  when  it  became  known 
that  the  butter  was  made  in  Kansas,  several  of  the  superintendents,  in  com- 
pany with  Professor  Robertson  with  the  Canadian  delegation,  were  invited  by 
the  judges  to  examine  the  exhibit  and  see  what  could  be  produced  in  the  line 
of  strictly  fine  butter,  even  as  far  south  and  west  as  Kansas.  There  were 
only  one  or  two  other  exhibits  in  the  dairy  class  which  scored  more  than  96  \ 
points,  and  those  scoring  higher  were  from  such  noted  dairies  as  that  of  Vice 
President  Morton  and  others  similarly  situated.  Therefore,  when  such  an  ex- 
ceptionally high  quality  of  exhibit  as  this  is  made,  it  should  be  regarded  by 
all  as  conferring  great  honor  on  our  state.  Out  of  a  total  of  36  exhibits  in 
the  dairy  class,  the  same  month,  Illinois  only  had  one  to  reach  96?,  whereas- 
Kansas  reached  the  same  distinction,  out  of  a  total  of  six  exhibits. 

Mr.  George  had  also  taken  the  first  premium  at  the  Osage  county  and  the 


84  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

state  fair  this  year,  scoring  94  in  each  instance.  He  will  also  be  entitled  to 
the  first  premium  in  the  state  dairy  class,  on  an  average  of  four  exhibits  at 
the  World's  Fair;  and  more  recently  he  has  exhibited  butter  in  the  dairy 
association  contest  which  was  scored  by  an  expert  at  95  points,  which  will 
entitle  him  to  the  State  Dairy  Association  gold  medal  for  the  best  butter  ex- 
hibited made  by  any  process,  thus  securing  the  first  gold  medal  awarded  to 
Kansas  dairy  butter.  Such  an  extended  reference  as  the  foregoing  may  be 
regarded  by  some  as  superfluous  in  this  report,  and  it  would  doubtless  be  so 
were  it  not  for  the  encouragement  it  may  afford  to  many  in  our  state  to  go 
forward  to  success  in  this  important  industry. 

In  the  dairy  class  at  the  World's  Fair,  two  Marion  county  exhibitors  also 
got  second  and  third  place  in  the  state  competition,  together  with  diplomas 
and  medals  from  the  World's  Fair  bureau  of  awards. 

In  the  gathered-cream  class,  the  first  state  premium  will  go  to  the  Ellin- 
wood  Creamery  Company,  and  the  second  to  Peabody. 

The  greatest  competition,  however,  occurred  in  the  separator-cream  class, 
there  being  from  12  to  16  exhibits  each  month,  and  in  some  instances  the 
competition  was  very  close,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  total  score  of 
the  four  exhibits  made  by  the  Abilene  and  Meriden  creameries,  each  of  which 
are  378 2,  and  the  Enterprise  creamery,  which  is  378.  The  gold  medal  of  the 
association,  together  with  $25,  the  amount  of  the  first  premium,  has  been 
awarded  to  J.  E.  Nissley  for  the  best  four  exhibits  of  print  butter,  and  further, 
for  the  highest  average  score  awarded  to  any  four  exhibits  of  butter  from  the 
state  at  the  World's  Columbian  Expositiou,  which  is  the  highest  score  ever 
awarded  in  public  competition  to  any  butter  made  in  the  "sunflower"  state. 

The  dairy  and  creamery  men  generally  are  deserving  of  great  credit  for  the 
very  excellent  showing  which  has  been  made  at  Chicago;  they  have  done 
their  part  nobly  and  well,  amid  many  inconveniences  and  discouragements. 
They  have  borne  aloft  the  dairy  banner  of  Kansas,  and  demonstrated  by  the 
scores  secured  by  their  products  that  the  dairy  business  is  now  fairly  com- 
menced, and  will  succeed  if  prosecuted  in  an  intelligent  and  energetic  manner. 

Whatever  can  be  done  for  this  industry  by  the  legislature  of  this  state 
ought  certainly  to  be  done.  No  field  more  profitable  can  be  found  for  the 
judicious  expenditure  of  a  moderate  sum  in  the  form  of  an  annual  appropria- 
tion from  the  state.  No  officer  connected  with  any  department  of  agriculture 
in  our  state  could  do  more  for  the  people  at  large  than  might  be  accomplished 
by  an  energetic  dairy  commissioner,  with  a  well-defined  and  a  practical  dairy 
law  behind  him.  Our  state  is  being  made  the  dumping  ground  for  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  fraudulent  imitation  dairy  products,  which  are 
being  represented  in  the  majority  of  the  sales  as  genuine  butter.  Therefore, 
both  the  public  and  the  dairyman  have  a  right  to  be  protected  against  such 
an  outrage,  and  nothing  but  a  thoroughly  practical  dairy  law,  rigidly  en- 
forced, can  accomplish  this  purpose.  The  total  quantity  of  butter  sent  for 
exhibition  by  our  state  was  13,133  pounds. 

We  made  a  small  display  of  cheese,  but  did  not  enter  into  competition  for 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 


85 


World's  Fair  honors  with  other  states.  This  was  caused  largely  by  the  very 
defective  condition  of  the  World's  Fair  cold  storage.  The  cheese  was  from 
the  Xortonville  cheese  factory,  and  also  from  the  factory  belonging  to  Mr. 
John  Bull,  Ravanna.  When  the  cheese  first  arrived  they  were  a  little  too 
young  to  be  entered  in  the  June  exhibit,  and  therefore  with  a  prospect  of 
material  improvement  and  condition  if  entered  for  a  later  exhibit,  they  were 
placed  in  the  dairy  department  storage,  during  the  absence  of  the  superin- 
tendent while  collecting  the  July  exhibit  of  butter.  Upon  his  return,  it  was 
discovered  that  the  refrigeration  had  not  been  applied  to  the  cases,  and  there- 
fore the  cheese  were  in  much  too  heated  a  condition  to  go  on  exhibition ;  hence 
it  was  decided  not  to  have  the  cheese  entered  for  competition,  but  to  compare 
the  two  exhibits  and  to  give  the  state  premium  upon  a  merit  of  the  goods  as 
each  exhibit  appeared  at  that  time,  the  first  premium  going  to  John  Bull, 
Ravanna,  the  second  to  the  Nortonville  cheese  factory. 


JUNE   EXHIBIT. 


NAME   OF  EXHIBITOB. 

Score. 

Sep- 
arator 
class. 

Gath- 
ered 
cream. 

Dairy 
class. 

Print 
class. 

J.  E.  George,  Burlingame  
A.  E.  Jones,  Topeka  
J.  P.  Dell,  Florence  

96 
94 
98+ 

96 
94 
98+ 

George  Hobrlne,  Florence  
J.  A.  McCurdy,  Florence  

97+ 
93 

97  + 
93 
93 

L.  M.  Hoff  ,  Burr  Oak  

94 
92 

94 
92 



A  L  Gable  Rlley 

92 

92 

Peabody  Creamery  Company  

96 

96 

::  :::: 

Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  

95 
94 

94 

95 

95 

95 



::  :::.: 

Enterprise  Creamery  Company  

95 
96 

95 
96 



Woodbine  Creamery  Company  

96 

96 



.:::::::: 

91 

91 

91 

91 

Marquette  Creamery  Company  

87 

87 

"  '  " 

Neosho  Rapids  Creamery  Company  

92 
94 

92 
94 

:::::::: 

Hope  Creamery  Company  *  
Bamona  Creamery  Company    

96 
96 
93 

96 
96 
93 

'.'.'.'.'.".'. 

98+ 

98+ 

Talmage  Creamery  Company  

94 
95 

94 
95 



Meriden  Creamery  Company  

93 

93 



Moundridge  Creamery  Company  

95 
96 

s 



Newton  Creamery  Company  
Halstead  Creamery  Company  
White  Water  Creamery  Company 

96 
96 
95 

96 
96 
95 

:::::::: 

Minneapolis  Creamery  Company  

96 



Abilene  Creamery  Company  

99+ 

99+ 

Totals  

3,309 

Averages  

94.54 

94.33 

93.80 

95.161 

86 


Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 


JULY   EXHIBIT. 


NAME   OF   EXHIBITOR. 

Score. 

Sep- 
arator 
class. 

^Jd       Dai>v  i   Print 
cream       ctass-    !    class. 

93 

93 

92 

92 

J.  E.  George,  Burlingame  

90 

90       j  

93 

J.  Scharenberg,  Florence  

95  -i- 

!       95+     

Meriden  Creamery  Company  

94* 

94* 

Minneapolis  Creamery  Company  
Lyndon  Creamery  Company  

•,    90 
78 

90 

78 

H.  R.  Dutt,  Birmingham  

94 

94 

Newton  Creamery  Company  

94* 

94* 

White  Water  Creamery  Company  

97*+ 

97*+ 

Hope  Creamery  Company  

95 

95 

Peabody  Creamery  Company  

91 

;  1  1 

Hesston  Creamery  Company  
Sedgwick  Creamery  Company  
Neosho  Rapids  Creamery  Company  

94 
88 
93 

94 
93 

Talmage  Creamery  Company  

991 

93* 

Bell  Springs  Creamery  Company  

89 

89 

Abilene  Creamery  Company  

89* 

89* 

90* 

90} 

Halstead  Creamery  Company  

89* 

89* 

Enterprise  Creamery  Company  

94 

94 

89 

Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  
Newton  Creamery  Company  
Abilene  Creamery  Company  

90 
94  + 
95*  + 

...'.....  ;'."'."!r«+" 
95*+ 

Totals  

2,38Gi 

1,553* 

181           463      j     189* 

Averages  

91.79— 

91.38 

90.50       92.30  1     94.75 

SEPTEMBER   EXHIBIT. 


NAME   OF   EXHIBITOR. 

Score. 

Sep- 
arator 
class. 

Gath- 
ered 
cream. 

Dairy      Print 
class.       class. 

Abilene  Creamery  Company  

93*  + 

96*+ 



\      93*  + 
961+ 

Dillon  Creamery  Company  
J.  Gardner,  Meriden  
J.  E.  George,  Burlingame  
Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  

95  + 
92* 
95  + 

88 
95+ 

95+     '. 
!>2i        

J.  Scharenberg,  Florence  
J.  P.  Dell,  Florence  

83i 

85 
84 

85         
84 

Meriden  Creamery  Company  

96*+ 

96  i  + 

89 

89 

92 

92 

J.  A.  McCurdy,  Florence  

91 

!)1          

Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  

%+ 

'"93 

!)5  f 

95*+ 

95*  + 

Enterprise  Creamery  Company  
Ramona  Creamery  Company  

94 
91 
88 

94 
91 

88 

Heizer  Creamery  Company  
Minneapolis  Creamery  Company  

951  + 
93  5 
96  + 

95J+ 

'.>::. 
96+ 

Totals  

2,023 

1,119 

183 

531             190 

Averages  

91.95* 

93.25 

91.50 

88.85  1      95 

Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 

OCTOBER  EXHIBIT. 


87 


NAME    OF   EXHIBITOR.                                                        Score. 

Sep- 
arator 
class. 

»«'*-      Dairy      Print 
ere(l        class.       class, 
cream. 

Abilene  Creamery  Company  97  + 
Abilene  Creamery  Company  95  — 
Enterprise  Creamery  Company  :      95  + 
R'imona  Creamery  Company  1      95  + 
Meriden  Creamery  Company  :      94} 
MinneaixUis  Creamery  Company  '       94 
Tiilmage  Creamery  Company  '.      94 
Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  94+ 
Bell  Springs  Creamery  Company  93} 
Sedjfwick  Creamery  Company  '  93  } 
Winchester  Creamery  Company  93 
Ellinwood  Creamery  Company  91i 
Winchester  Creamery  Company  91 
Peabody  Creamery  Company  91 
Hope  Creamery  Company  91} 
J.  E.  George,  Burlingame  96}  + 
3.  Scharen.berg,  Florence  93}+ 
A.  E.  Jones.  Topeka  92 
J.  P.  Dell,  Florence  90} 
J.  A.  McCurdy,  Florence  901 
George  Hobrine,  Florence  89 

95  + 
95+ 
94} 
94 
94 

'"«*" 

93* 
93 

91} 

»ii 

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.   '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  .'.'.'.".':'. 

Yi-t-   ........  ........ 
'"96}+':.... 

93}  +  |  
92        
90V       
901      

Totals  19,55} 

1,0301 

276           552             97 

Averages  93.9} 

93.68 

92      i      92        

The  following  table  will  show  the  total  score  of  the  state  exhibit,  also  the  average 


thereon,  based  upon  104  exhibits: 


95 

945 


95} 
93} 
Bfl 


84 
908} 


96} 


95} 
93} 
96 
97 
95 
95 
95 
94} 
94 
94 

949} 


Total,  9,674};  or  a  fraction  less  than  93.25  average  on  the  entire  exhibit. 


List  of  Awards. 

HORSES. 
HSNKY  BALLIET,  of  Tonganoxie.     French  Coach  stallion,  sweepstakes,  4th  premium,  with  official  rib- 

bon. 
Premium  p  lid  by  Board  of  Managers,  $25. 

CATTLE.  —  HEBEFOKDS.    Makin  Bros.,  Florence. 

Class  2. 

B  -ill  3  years  or  over,  4th  premium  ..............................................................  $15  00 

Bull  2  years  and  under  3  years,  3d  premium  ..................................................  20  00 

Bull  1  year  and  under  2  years,  3d  premium  .....................................................  20  00 

Heifer  under  1  year,  2d  premium  ........................................................    .....  30  00 

Young  herd,  consisting  of  1  bull  and  4  heifers,  all  under  1  year  old,  bred  by  exhibitor,  4th  pre- 

mium ...................................................................................  25  00 

Two  animals  of  either  sex,  the  produce  of  one  cow,  1st  premium  ..............................  80  00 

Premium  paid  by  Board  of  Managers  ..........................................................  200  00 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.     C.  F.  Stone,  Peabody. 
Class  7. 


Bull  3  years  old  and  over,  4th  premium 

Bull  J  year  old  and  under  2  years,  4th  premium 

Cow  4  years  old  or  over,  2d  premium 

Cow  3  years  old  and  under  4  years,  1st  premium 

Heifer  2  years  old  and  under  3  years,  1st  premium 


$15  00 
15  00 
35  00 
50  00 
50  00 


88  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

Heifer  1  year  old  and  under  2  years,  2d  premium 130  00 

Heifer  under  1  year,  2d  premium 30  00 

Herd  graded  by  ages,  4th  premium 25  00 

Young  herd,  consisting  of  1  bull  and  4  heifers  under  2  years,  2d  premium 75  00 

Four  animals,  either  sex,  the  get  of  one  sire,  2d  premium 75  00 

Premium  paid  by  Board  of  Managers 200  00 

JEBSEYS.    La  Veta  Jersey  Cattle  Company,  Topeka. 
Board  of  Managers'  premium *200  00 

S\VINTE.— POLAND-CHINA.     R.  S.  Cook,  Wichita. 
Class  56. 

Boar  under  6  months,  4th  premium $20  00 

Sow  6  months  and  under  1  year,  1st  premium 40  00 

Sow  6  months  and  under  1  year,  4th  premium 20  00 

Boar  and  3  sows  under  1  year,  2d  premium 50  00 

Boar  and  8  sows  under  1  year,  1st  premium 75  00 

Four  pigs,  the  get  of  the  same  boar,  2d  premium 75  00 

Four  pigs  under  6  months,  produce  of  the  same  sow,  2d  premium 75  03 

Paid  by  Board  of  Managers 43  33 

POLAND-CHINA.     Wm.  E.  Gresham,  Burrton. 

Boar  6  months  old  and  under  1  year,  3d  premium 125  00 

Boar  under  6  months,  1st  premium 40  (X) 

Sow  under  6  months,  4th  premium 20  00 

Four  pigs  under  6  months,  3d  premium 65  00 

Paid  by  Board  of  Managers 48  33 

POLAND-CHINA.    P.  A.  Pearson,  Kinsley. 

Premium  paid  by  Board  of  Managers $58  33 

SHEEP.— MEBINO.     E.  D.  King,  Burlington. 

Class  48. 

Bam  2  years  old  and  under,  2d  premium $25  00 

Bam  1  year  old  and  under  2  years,  3d  premium 20  00 

Ewe  2  years  old  and  under  3  years,  2d  premium 25  00 

Ewe  2  years  and  under  3  years,  3d  premium 20  00 

Ewe  1  year  old  and  under  2  years,  4th  premium  15  00 

Ewe  under  1  year,  1st  premium 25  00 

Ewe  under  1  year,  2d  premium 20  00 

Bam  and  3  ewes,  all  over  2  years,  2d  premium 30  00 

Pen  of  5  ewes  2  years  or  over,  2d  premium 35  0(1 

Pen  of  2  rams  and  3  ewes,  2d  premium 35  00 

Pen  of  2  rams  and  3  ewes,  3d  premium 25  00 

Premium  paid  by  Board  of  Managers 100  00 

Dairy  Awards. 

Butter.— 3.  Scharenberg,  Florence;  White  Water  Creamery,  White  Water;  Hesston 
Creamery  Company,  Hesston;  Abilene  Creamery  Company,  Abilene;  Heizer  Cream- 
ery Company,  Heizer;  John  Gardner,  Meriden;  Meriden  Creamery  Company,  Mer- 
iden;  Ellinwood  Creamery  Company,  Ellinwood;  Bell  Springs  Creamery  Company, 
Abilene;  Ramona  Creamery  Company,  Ramona;  Enterprise  Creamery  Company,  En- 
terprise; Abilene  Creamery  Company,  Abilene;  J.  P.  Dell,  Florence;  Geo.  Hobrine, 
Florence;  J.  E.  George.  Burlingame. 

Premiums  given  by  the  State  Dairy  Association  to  those  competing  at 
World's  Fair,  for  best  exhibits  in  following  classes : 

Prints,  Fancy  Butter. — 1st  premium  and  gold  medal,  to  J.  E.  Nissley,  Abilene. 

Dairy  Class. — 1st  premium,  J.  E.  George,  Burlingame;  2d,  A.  P.  McCurdy,  Flor- 
ence; 3d,  J.  P.  Dell,  Florence. 

Gathered  Cream. — 1st  premium,  Ellinwood  Creamery  Company;  2d,  Peabody 
Creamery  Company. 

Separator- Cream    Class.  —  Abilene   Creamery    Company,   378i     points;    Meriden 


Eeport  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  89 

Creamery    Company,    378^   points;    Enterprise   Creamery    Company,    378    points. 
Awaiting  decision  of  committee. 

Cheese. — 1st  premium,  John  Bull,  Ravanna;  2d,  Nortonville  Cheese  Manufacturing 
Company. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  awards  on  Kansas  products  in  the  agricultural 
building: 

Red  Winter  Wheat.—  S.  B.  Wilson,  Clay  Centre;  W.  H.  Smith,  Topeka;  A.  C.  Rait, 
Junction  City;  John  Lazelier,  Linn;  Thomas  Gilespie,  Salina;  G.  B.  Donmyer,  New 
Cambria;  H.  W.  Hoffman,  Salina;  S.  H.  Cramer,  Ottawa;  J.  H.  Sayles,  Norcatur;  A. 
Shrieve,  Wamego;  Cyrus  Wray,  Salina;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  Win.  Rundle,  Clay 
Centre;  B.  D.  French,  Concordia;  W.  W.  Eddie,  Marysyille;  P.  E.  Butler,  Glasco; 
Gotlieb  Adam,  Marysville. 

Hard  Winter  Wheat.— 3.  D.  Foster,  Washington;  J.  H.  Edwards,  Phillipsburg; 
H.  A.  Huston,  Junction  City;  S.  T.  Collins,  Belleville;  S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha;  W.  S. 
Lower.  Holton;  L.  Landon,  Russell;  G.  Y.  Johnson,  Willis;  J.  L.  Johnson,  Marysville; 
A.  Anderson,  Marysville;  J.  H.  Fritz,  Riley;  Frank  Delong,  Belleville. 

Red  Winter  Wheat  in  Straw.—  Orville  Webber,  Pellerville;  Wm.  McHenry,  Grant- 
ville;  T.  S.  Runnion,  Medicine  Lodge;  Aug.  Neck,  Emporia;  C.  W.  Stover, Topeka;  J.B. 
Reed,  Tecumseh;  C.  O.  Kreipe,  Tecumseh;  J.  A.  Butler,  Topeka;  S.  Elmore,  Topeka; 
Henry  Stone,  Medicine  Lodge;  J.  F.  Goodwin,  Menoken;  John  Kern,  Bonner  Springs, 
A.  P.  Collins,  Salina;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka;  J.  F.  Greene,  Lawrence;  Frank  Mc- 
Connel,  Salina;  E.  A.  Goodell,  Topeka;  S.  Clinents,  Grantville. 

Hard  Winter  Wheat  in  Straw.—  J.  P.  Carter,  Solomon  City;  Fred.  Auble,  Medi- 
cine Lodge. 

White  Ear  Corn. —  James  Irwin,  Gardner;  Wm.  Johnson,  Gardner;  T.  A.  Cullinan, 
Junction  City. 

Yellow  Ear  Corn. —  J.  B.  Hammett,  Schroyer;  J.  F.  Streeter,  Junction  City;  Chas. 
Reed,  Prairie  Centre;  A.  P.  Collins,  Salina;  P.  K.  Fisher,  Morrill;  Adam  Rankin, 
Olathe;  F.  E.  Myers,  Whiting;  G.  W.  Stevenson,  Sabetha;  W.  E.  Snyder,  Hiawatha; 
F.  Lemley,  Hiawatha. 

Sweet  Ear  Corn. — F.  Lemley,  Hiawatha. 

White  Shelled  Corn.— E.  V.  Sayers,  Ottawa;  James  McFarland,  Ottawa;  C.  F.  Wolf, 
Ottawa. 

Yellow  Shelled  Corn. —  J.  C.  Currie,  Quenemo. 

Yellow  Corn  on  Stalk.— S.  Severy,  Reading;  J.  H.  Jones,  Troy;  N.  I.  Dalton,  To- 
peka; N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka. 

Corn  on  Stalk. — Adam  Rankin,  5  samples  yellow  and  5  samples  white,  Olathe. 

Corn  in  Ear. — Adam  Rankin,  5  samples  white  and  6  samples  yellow,,  Olathe. 

Red  Kaffir  Corn.— Joel  A.  Stratton,  Reading. 

Red  Oats.— Erick  Weiberg,  Clay  Centre;  J.  R.  Knox,  Manhattan;  F.  Fry,  Salina; 
W.  S.  Lower,  Holton;  A.  C.  Rait,  Junction  City;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka. 

Black  Oats.— Thomas  Anderson,  Salina;  James  Sullivan,  Salina;  W.  G.  Swift,  Clay 
Centre;  H.  W.  Hoffman,  Salina. 

Red  Oats  in  Straw.— Washburn  College,  Topeka;  Buche  Bros.,  McPherson;  N.  E. 
Bartholomew,  Topeka;  J.  B.  Case,  Abilene;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka. 

Black  Oats  in  Straw. —  Otis  Dalton,  Topeka. 

White  Oats  in  Straw.—  J.  H.  Jones,  Troy;  J.  Cowgill,  McPherson;  L.  Goosey,  To- 
peka; L.  Landon,  Russell. 

^Barley  in  Straw.— 3.  Begole,  Burlingame;  A.  P.  Riordan,  McLouth. 

White  Barley.— S.  H.  Williams,  Abilene. 

Rye,  White,  in  Straw.—  N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  J.  G.  Pratt,  May  wood;  Geo. 


90  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

Frisbie,  Grantville;  S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha;  J.  H.  Jones,  Troy;  L.  Landon,  Russell; 
J.  C.  Necum.  Tecnmseh;  Eli  Benedict,  Medicine  Lodge. 

Orchard  Grass. — H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner  Springs. 

Timothy. — J.  Begole,  Burlingame;  T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka;  H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner 
Springs. 

Millet  in  Straw. — N.  E.  Bartholomew,  Topeka;  J.  B.  Sims,  Topeka;  T.  J.  Ander- 
son. Topeka;  N.  I.  Dalton,  Topeka;  A.  E.  Jones,  Topeka. 

Millet  Seed.— F.  Driscol.  Wichita. 

Broom  Corn. — T.  J.  Harkinson,  Marquette;  Henry  Benson,  Wheeler. 

Alfalfa.—  Otis  Dalton,  Topeka;  Thomas  Anderson.  Salina;  Andrew  Shrieve,  Clyde; 
Samuel  Westbrook,  Garden  City;  John  H.  Churchill,  Dodge  City;  N.  I.  Dalton.  To- 
peka. 

Blue  Grass,  Kentucky. — A.  P.  Riordan,  McLouth;  H.  H.  Kern,  Bonner  Springs; 
T.  J.  Anderson,  Topeka. 

Blue  Gross,  English. —  John  Kern,  Bonner  Springs;  E.  Zimmerman,  Hiawatha; 
Baxter  Wav eland,  Topeka;  Adam  Kathey,  Hamilton. 

Red  Clover. —  G.  G.  McConnel,  Menoken;  S.  Detweiler,  Hiawatha. 

Red  Clover  Seed. —  J.  H.  Delivan,  Lawrence. 

Redtop  Grass.— D.  P.  Hoagland.  Olathe;  Thomas  Hart,  Hiawatha. 

Potatoes.— John  Armstrong,  Topeka;  E.  R.  Hays,  Topeka;  S.  H.  Downs,  Topeka; 
J.  P.  Stevenson,  Sabetha. 

Onions.— R.  W.  Scott,  Junction  City;  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhat- 
tan; H.  P.  Ewing,  Loring. 

Flax  for  Fiber. —  Joseph  Sturdy,  Waveland. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  awards  on  Kansas  products  in  the  horticultural 
building: 

Collection  of  Grapes. — -State  Horticultural  Society. 
Collection  of  Apples  and  Pears.  —  State  Horticultural  Society. 
Collection  of  Stone  Fruits. —  State  of  Kansas. 

Kansas  Educational  .Awards. 

District  schools,  Douglas  county,  J.  E.  Peairs,  superintendent:    School  work. 

Leavenworth  schools,  J.  E.  Klock,  superintendent:    School  work. 

McPherson  schools,  C.  S.  Ludlnm,  superintendent:    High-school  work. 

Emporia  city  schools,  Wm.  Reece,  superintendent:    Bound  manuscript. 

Public  schools,  Kansas  City,  A.  S.  Olin,  superintendent:  School  work  of  grades 
below  high  school. 

Public  schools,  Kansas  City,  A.  S.  Olin,  superintendent:    High-school  work,  etc. 

Atchison  public  schools,  J.  H.  Glotfelter.  superintendent:    Class  work. 

Atchison  public  schools,  J.  H.  Glotfelter,  superintendent:  School  work,  lower 
grades. 

Topeka  city  schools,  W.  M.  Davidson,  superintendent:    School  work. 

Public  schools,  Manhattan,  G.  D.  Knipe.  superintendent:   Bound  manuscript  work. 

Wichita  public  schools,  Wm.  Richardson,  superintendent:    Pupils'  work. 

Rural  schools,  Dickinson  county,  D.  F.  Shirk,  superintendent:    School  work. 

Rural  schools,  Shawnee  county,  W.  H.  Wright,  superintendent:    Pupils'  work. 

Rural  schools,  Mitchell  county,  Irwin  Stanley,  superintendent:  Manuscript  dis- 
trict-school work. 

Rural  schools,  McPherson  county,  I.  G.  Law,  superintendent:  Manuscripts,  dis- 
trict schools. 

John  MacDonald,  Topeka:    Bound  volume  Western  School  Journal. 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  91 

STATE    OF    KANSAS,    SCHOOL    WOBK. 

Kansas  State  Normal  School,  Emporia,  A.  R.  Taylor,  president:    Students'  work. 
Kansas  State  Normal  School  (model  school):    Pupils'  work. 
Kansas  State  University,  F.  H.  Snow,  chancellor:    Courses  of  study  and  work. 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  G.  T.  Fairchild,  president:   Industrial  work. 

Mining  Exhibit  Awards. 

Cement  from  gypsum:    Best  Bros.,  Medicine  Lodge. 

Vitrified  brick:   Vitrified  Brick  and  Paving  Company,  Topeka. 

Rock  salt:   Lyons  Rock  Salt  Company,  Lyons. 

R.  S.  V.  P.  table  salt:   Kansas  Salt  Company,  Hutchinson. 

Metallic  lead  and  zinc  (two  together):  Lead  from  Col.  W.  B.  Stone,  Galena;  zinc 
from  Cherokee  Spelter  Company,  Weir  City. 

Lead  and  zinc  ores,  from  Galena:  The  J.  M.  Cooper  Mining  and  Mercantile  Com- 
pany, lead;  W.  F.  Sapp,  zinc. 

Miscellaneous  Awards. 

North  American  mammals:    L.  L.  Dyche,  Lawrence. 

Windmill:    B.  T.  Stauber,  Concordia. 

The  Acme  Cement  Plaster  Company,  Salina,  received  the  highest  award  and  medal 
in  competition  with  all  other  hard  plasters.  The  award  was  made  on  the  following 
qualities:  Hardness,  durability,  fire-proof  qualities,  tensile  strength,  beauty  of  finish, 
and  susceptibility  to  high  polish. 

On  October  26,  Mrs.  Flora  Bate  Kenney,  of  Emporia,  passed  the  expert  jury  on 
both  piano  and  pipe  organ. 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad  Company:  Miniature  train,  run  by  elec- 
tricity, in  Kansas  building. 

The  foregoing  awards  are  all  that  were  made  to  exhibitors  in  the  Kansas 
departments  of  the  different  buildings.  If  any  others  have  been  made  to  in- 
dependent exhibitors,  we  regret  very  much  that  they  have  not  been  handed 
to  us  to  be  reported  along  with  the  above. 


Financial   Exhibit, 


Treasurer's  Report. 

BECEIPTS. 


i  state  treasurer 

Clay  County  Columbian  Association 

Sherman  County  Columbian  Association 

Thomas  County  Columbian  Association 

Woman's  Columbian  Clubs 

Treasurer  Saline  county 

Geary  County  Columbian  Association 

H.  H.  Kern,  corn  sold 

Ladies'  Club,  Chanute 

Franklin  County  Columbian  Association 

F.  G.  Adams,  secretary  State  Historical  Society 

Privileges,  Kansas  building 

Ladles  of  the  Eastern  Star 

World's  Columbian  Exposition,  overpaid  on  water  fixtt 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  on  jelly  exhibit 

H.  H.  Kern,  sale  of  Kansas  building 

Insurance  on  premises  refunded 

H.  H.  Kern,  sale  of  grains,  etc 

H.  H.  Kern,  sale  of  furniture 

M.  W.  Cobun,  corn  sold 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Clark,  woman's  department 

Shawnee  County  Columbian  Association 

Topeka  Athletic  Club,  fountain  sold 

The  E.  D.  Albro  Company,  walnut  log  sold 


pts. 


143,764  02 
399  40 
30  00 
50  00 
206  93 
564  00 
98  00' 
16  15 
34  25 
182  58 
185  00 
328  00 
1  00 


15  00 
26  40 
23  40 

190  62 
10  00 

140  00 

146,620  96 


DISBURSEMENTS. 


Indebtedness,  old  Board 

Expense  Kansas  building 

Expense  agricultural  exhibit 

Horticultural  exhibit 

Educational  exhibit 

Mineral  exhibit 

Natural  history  exhibit 

Historical  exhibit 

Livestock  exhibit 

Dairy  exhibit 

Forestry  exhibit 

Woman's  department 

Board  of  Managers 

Wages,  employe's 

Freight  charges 

Express  charges 

Stationery  and  postage 

Light  and  heat 

Water  and  Ice 

Statistics,  prison  and  charitable  institutions. . 

Expenses  of  "  Kansas  week  " 

Printing  and  binding 

Refunded  to  Columbian  associations,  etc 

Miscellaneous  expenditures 

Total.... 


$12,005  62 

2,874  68 

7,235  46 

1,605  23 

1,000  00 

1,539  25 

783  10 

665  07 

921  24 

827  57 

608  00 

368  45 

8,270  26 

1,100  77 

1,881  04 

78  66 

43  25 

15  15 

258  37 

147  80 

1,655  36 

522  08 

1,456  60 

757  95 


$46,620  96 


(92) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 


93 


RECAPITULATION. 


Amount  appropriated  by  the  state 

Less  amount  retained  in  the  state  treasury  to  reimburse  counties  and  corporations. . 

Balance  of  appropriation  available 

Received  from  miscellaneous  sources 

Total 

Total  amount  expended 

Balance  of  appropriation  unexpended 


$65,000  00 
19,097  81 


$45,902  19 


148,759  13 
46,620  96 


$2,138  17 


All  just  claims  have  been  audited  by  the  Board  and  paid;  all  loans  to  the  Board,  from  whatever 
source,  have  been  paid ;  and,  of  the  $65,000  appropriated  by  the  legislature,  there  remains  an  unex- 
pended balance  of  $2,138.17.  Property  and  exhibits  to  the  value  of  $1,419  have  been  turned  over  to  the 
state.  This  does  not  include  a  large  amount  of  property  and  ornamental  fixtures  upon  which  no  value 
has  been  placed.  T  j  ANDEB8ON)  Treasurer. 


Conclusion. 


The  foregoing  is  but  a  faint  and  imperfect  representation  of  the  place  that 
Kansas  occupied  in  the  great  Columbian  Exposition;  the  exposition  that 
well  represented  the  genius,  skill,  work,  discoveries  and  intelligence  of  the 
world,  and  where  all  nations  assembled,  in  the  persons  of  their  representa- 
tives, to  do  homage  to  the  great  republic  —  the  child  of  the  discoveries  of  the 
great  Columbus. 

Kansas  did  her  part  nobly  in  that  magnificent  exposition.  Her  good  peo- 
ple aided  earnestly  and  patriotically  the  Board  of  Commissioners  in  placing 
her  in  the  foreground.  They  contributed  of  their  substance,  of  their  live  stock, 
of  their  relics  and  family  keepsakes,  to  aid  in  the  part  that  they  felt  Kansas 
ought  to  take.  Well  and  nobly  did  they  do  their  part  in  placing  Kansas  in 
the  front  rank  of  the  states  and  nations  of  the  earth.  The  152  premiums, 
medals  and  awards  taken  by  her  citizens,  on  the  grains,  grasses  and  forage 
plants  contributed  by  them,  bear  willing  tribute  to  the  fertility  of  Kansas 
soil,  and  the  skill  of  her  husbandmen  and  the  intelligence  of  her  agricultur- 
ists. The  40  premiums,  medals  and  ribbons  awarded  to  the  fine  flocks  and 
herds  of  Kansas,  shown  in  competition  with  the  best  of  animals  collected 
from  the  greatest  herds  of  two  hemispheres,  attest  the  skill,  enterprise  and  in- 
telligence of  her  stock  breeders.  The  exhibition  of  the  produce  of  the  mines 
of  Kansas  was  a  wonder,  even  to  many  of  her  own  citizens.  They  did  not 
appreciate  the  extent  and  vastness  of  the  hidden  wealth  existing  beneath  her 
soil.  That  exhibition  demonstrated  that  it  only  needed  the  capitalist  and 
the  miner  to  bring  forth  and  utilize  their  millions  of  hidden  treasure. 

Her  colleges  and  schools  give  evidence  of  the  interest  that  her  people  take 
in  education.  Nearly  a  score  of  colleges  and  her  3,000  common  schools  con- 
tributed of  the  skill  of  the  schoolroom,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  scholar 
demonstrated  that  Kansas  was  not  a  laggard  in  her  devotion  and  interest  in 
the  education  of  her  children.  Her  magnificent  display  of  the  fruits  of  the 
orchard  and  of  the  vineyard  demonstrated  the  skill  and  intelligence  of  her 
horticulturists.  In  the  forestry  building,  among  other  things,  was  exhibited 
the  trunk  of  a  walnut  tree  grown  on  Kansas  soil  that  was  40  years  old  when 
Columbus  discovered  America.  Four  hundred  years  of  that  time  that  mon- 
arch of  the  forest  had  no  associates  but  solitude  and  the  Indian ;  but  in  the 
last  40  years  of  its  life  it  looked  on  the  triumph  of  American  genius,  and  the 
skill  and  intelligence  of  the  Kansas  pioneer.  It  witnessed  the  vast  prairies  of 
Kansas  decorated  with  enterprising  villages,  with  schoolhouses  and  churches, 

(94) 


Report  of  the  Board  of  Managers.  5)5 

all  combining  to  add  glory  and  renown  to  our  state,  and  in  the  grand  Colum- 
bian Exposition  these  things  became  known  and  were  advertised  to  the  world. 
The  benefits  to  be  derived  from  them  in  the  future  cannot  be  estimated. 
Enterprising  citizens  will  flock  to  Kansas  from  other  parts  of  the  world,  and 
unite  with  us  in  making  Kansas  one  of  the  greatest  of  states,  inhabited  by 
a  happy,  intelligent  and  generous  people. 

The  Commissioners  feel  that  they  did  their  duty  to  the  extent  of  their 
ability.  They  worked  honestly  and  faithfully  to  assure  the  distinguished 
governor  of  the  state  that  they  appreciated  the  appointments  conferred,  and 
were  determined  that  no  act  of  negligence  or  the  shirking  of  any  duty  upon 
their  part  should  disappoint  him  in  the  confidence  reposed  in  them.  Over 
200  premiums,  awards  and  medals  secured  to  citizens  of  Kansas  prove  that 
the  Board  was  no  laggard  in  the  race  for  fame.  They  believe  that  they  have 
aided  in  a  small  degree  to  the  making  of  Kansas  one  of  the  brightest  stars  in 
the  great  constellation  of  American  states,  and  feel  that,  if  she  is  great  to-day, 
her  greatness,  her  power,  her  influence  and  her  wealth  are  yet  in  their  infancy. 
The  people  of  Kansas  are  proud  of  their  commonwealth,  and  'thank  "  Him 
who  doeth  all  things  well"  that  they  are  permitted  to  live  in  the  "sunflower" 
state  and  call  Kansas  their  home. 


XLIV. — Kansas  exhibit  of  SPELTER  and  ZINC  ORES— Mines  and  Mining 
Building.    (Page  74.) 


APPENDIX. 


—7 


Dedicatory  Exercises. 


October  22,  1892. 

The  following  program  was  successfully  carried  out : 
Master  of  ceremonies,  W.  H.  Smith. 
Invocation,  by  Rev.  D.  C.  Milner. 

Music,  "Hail,  Happy  Kansas,"  original,  by  Modoc  Glee  Club. 
Address,  by  ex-Lieut.  Gov.  A.  J.  Felt. 

Song,  "Star  Spangled  Banner,"  by  Mrs.  Addie  Jewell-Newton. 
Address,  by  ex -State  Supt.  of  Pub.  Inst.  Geo.  W.  Winans. 
Music,  "Hail  to  the  Flag  of  Our  Nation,"  original,  by  Modoc  Club. 
Address,  by  Hon.  Martin  Mohler,  secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Song,  "A  Kansas  Lullaby,"  H.  V.  Hinckley. 
Address,  by  ex-Atty.  Gen.  John  N.  Ives. 
Music,  "O  Hail  Us,  Ye  Free,"  by  Modoc  Club. 
Address,  by  Mrs.  Lewis  Hanback. 
Song,  "Deep  in  the  Cellar,"  by  Charles  Reeske. 
Address,  by  Mrs.  Robt.  B.  Mitchell. 
Music,  "Comrades  in  Arms,"  by  Modoc  Club. 
Dedicatory  address,  by  Chief  Justice  A.  H.  Horton. 

The  program  had  been  hastily  prepared,  and  the  addresses  were  necessa- 
rily impromptu.  This  fact  did  not  detract  from,  but  rather  added  to,  the 
interest  of  the  occasion,  because  the  words  spoken  came  from  the  hearts  of 
the  speakers,  and  were  the  uppermost  thoughts  of  men  and  women  who  love 
Kansas. 

Lieutenant  Governor  Felt  expressed  pleasure  in  the  fact  that  Kansas  had 
been  first  in  many  things,  and  it  was  appropriate  that  she  should  be  first  to 
dedicate  her  state  building.  She  had  been  first  to  float  a  banner  over  a  com- 
pleted state  building  on  the  exposition  grounds.  She  had  been  the  first  st:ite 
in  the  union  to  declare  that  the  sun  should  never  rise  on  a  master  and  set 
upon  a  slave.  It  is  not  area  that  makes  Kansas  great;  it  is  the  manhood 
and  womanhood  of  our  citizens,  the  product  of  American  ideas,  born  in  times 
of  great  conflict,  and  heralded  through  all  ages.  In  Kansas  was  heard  the 
crack  of  the  first  rifle  dedicating  the  country  to  freedom.  Kansas  was  ac- 
customed to  dedicatory  ceremonies.  It  is  the  state  that  dedicates  a  church 
every  Sunday,  and  a,schoolhouse  every  week  day.  The  state  was  formerly 
the  property  of  the  king  of  Spain,  and  he  was  confident  that,  had  Columbus 
first  discovered  Kansas,  he  would  not  have  returned  to  Spain.  Referring  to 

(99) 


100  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

the  fertility  of  the  soil,  he  said  that  the  farm  crops  of  a  single  harvest,  if 
laden  on  freight  cars,  would  circle  the  globe;  yet  15  years  ago  the  pro- 
ducing ability  of  the  state  was  unknown.  We  are  no  longer  poverty  stricken ; 
we  have  in  our  state  treasury  $900,000  in  excess  of  any  other  state  in  the 
union. 

The  address  of  State  Supt.  Geo.  W.  Winans  reviewed  25  years'  knowl- 
edge of  the  schools  of  the  state.  He  had  seen  the  school  population 
grow  from  76,000  to  500,000;  the  organized"  school  districts  from  1,300 
to  9,000;  the  enrollment  from  45,000  to  400,000;  the  number  of  public- 
school  teachers  from  1,600  to  12,000;  the  valuation  of  school  property  from 
$800,000  to  $11,000,000;  the  number  of  school  buildings  from  900  to  9,000; 
the  annual  expense  of  maintaining  from  $250,000  to  $5,000,000 ;  the  per- 
manent school  fund  from  $500,000  to  $6,000,000.  We  have  not  only  the 
largest  but  the  best  educational  agency  in  the  United  States.  The  exhibit 
of  our  schools  in  this  building,  and  in  the  main  educational  exhibit,  will  be 
excelled  by  none.  By  the  efforts  of  our  school  children,  a  fund  of  $5,000 
has  been  raised,  and  they  will  do  much  more.  The  people  of  Kansas  give 
money,  time  and  words  of  encouragement  to  our  cause.  Our  educational  in- 
stitutions cannot,  be  other  than  favorably  compared  with  any  in  the  country, 
and  we  are  ever  advancing. 

Secretary  Martin  Mohler,  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  reviewed  in 
exhaustive  detail  the  agricultural  advantages  of  Kansas.  His  address  was 
mainly  statistical,  showing  the  condition  of  the  industries  and  agricultural 
products  of  the  state.  He  thought  that  a  new  day  had  dawned  on  Kansas, 
and  that  the  time  for  experiment  and  adversity  had  given  place  to  pros- 
perity. 

Attorney  General  John  N".  Ives  praised  the  enterprise  of  the  people  of 
Kansas,  who  had  erected  a  World's  Fair  building,  and  spoke  eloquently  of 
the  state  as  never  having  been  behind  time  in  the  enactment  of  liberal  laws; 
she  had  given  woman  her  rights,  and  blotted  liquor  from  the  state.  He  was 
proud  to  speak  in  a  building  that  had  given  Kansas  a  home  among  the 
nations,  and  was  the  gift  of  her  patriotic  citizens. 

Mrs.  Lewis  Hanback  told  of  woman's  work  in  Kansas,  particularly  that 
which  was  made  necessary  when  the  legislature  failed  to  make  an  appropria- 
tion for  the  construction  of  a  building,  or  the  collection  of  exhibits.  The 
work  had  been  completely  successful,  and  this  building  will  be  decorated 
with  an  exhibit  that  will  reflect  credit  on  the  artistic  spirit  of  the  women  of 
the  state. 

Mrs.  Robert  B.  Mitchell,  a  pioneer,  spoke  of  the  hardships  that  had  been 
overcome  by  the  early  settlers  of  Kansas.  Many  incidents  in  their  heroic 
history  were  rehearsed,  and  great  praise  was  given  to  the  energy  which  had 
made  of  the  state  m  )re  than  the  early  pioneers  had  dared  to  dream. 

Chief  Justice  Albert  H.  Horton  delivered  the  dedicatory  address,  of 
which  the  following  is  a  copy : 


Dedicatory  Exercises.  101 

Address  of  Hon.  Albert  H.  Morton, 

CHIEF   JUSTICE,    KANSAS   SUPBEMK   COXTET. 

[Dedicating  the  Kansas  building  upon  the  grounds  of  the  Columbian   Exposition,  at  Chicago, 
October  22,  1892.] 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN:  We  stand,  friends,  in  the  people's  house, 
the  house  built  by  the  people  of  Kansas.  Not  by  any  appropriation  of  the 
legislature;  not  by  the  single  outlay  of  any  great  corporation  interested  in 
the  material  development  of  the  state;  not  through  the  enterprise  of  any  syn- 
dicate or  company,  formed  with  the  hope  of  future  reimbursement  or  profit ; 
not  by  any  delegated  or  representative  authority;  not  through  the  levying 
of  any  tax,  was  this  commodious  and  well-located  house  erected,  but  by  the 
men,  women  and  children  of  the  state  of  Kansas  in  their  own  proper  persons, 
casting  with  their  own  hands  their  voluntary  gifts  into  the  treasury.  In  the 
labors  through  which  this  house  was  built,  and  in  the  provision  for  funds  to 
properly  present  the  exhibits  with  which,  next  year,  it  will  be  filled,  the 
women  of  Kansas  have  been  conspicuous,  efficient  and  enthusiastic  laborers. 
They  remembered,  when  it  came  to  the  making  of  laws  in  Kansas,  our  state 
built  about  them,  like  a  strong  wall,  the  statutes  that  protect  them  in  their 
right  to  their  property,  their  children,  and  themselves,  and  so  the  Kansas 
women  glory  in  their  state,  here  and  everywhere.  When  the  word  was 
passed  that  the  honor  and  good  fame  of  Kansas,  in  the  eyes  of  the  nation 
and  the  world,  demanded  the  state  bear  a  part  in  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  our  women  remembered,  and  often  when  men  said  "stay"  they 
said  "go  on."  They  toiled  early  and  late.  To  them,  and  to  the  capable  and 
efficient  officers  of  the  Kansas  World's  Fair  Commission,  all  of  whom  de- 
serve the  warmest  praise  for  their  work  under  severe  difficulties  and  onerous 
burdens,  this  completed  building,  so  suitable,  so  convenient,  and  so  appro- 
priate for  the  object  intended,  is  a  triumphal  arch  of  victory. 

COLUMBUS'  BRAVE  STORY  NEVER  OLD. 

Kansas  joins  in  the  commemoration  of  the  achievement  6¥  Columbus  be- 
cause it  was  a  brave  deed.  A  brave  story  never  loses  its  charm  in  our  state, 
even  though  it  be  400  years  old.  Kansas  is  busy  with  the  works  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  but,  looking  back,  is  most  charmed  and  fascinated  by 
the  sixteenth  century,  ushered  in  by  the  plaudits  that  filled  the  world  with 
what  Columbus  had  done;  the  century  of  discovery;  the  century  when  the 
press  began  to  multiply  words,  and  sow  thoughts  and  deeds;  the  century 
when  the  new  and  potent  word  "  reform "  began  to  be  a  word  of  power  in 
church  and  state ;  the  century  when  the  new  world,  just  found,  began  to  be 
the  leaven  to  make  the  whole  world  new.  It  is  not  merely  the  sailing  and 
return  of  the  Santa  Maria,  the  Nina  and  the  Pinta  that  Kansas  joins  in 
celebrating,  but  being  herself,  as  one  may  say,  a  newly -discovered  country, 
she  celebrates  the  spirit  of  discovery.  She  celebrates  the  deeds  of  the  priests, 
missionaries,  explorers,  traders,  many  of  them  of  the  same  Latin  race  and 
religion  of  Columbus ;  the  bold  navigators,  who  first  beheld  and  set  forth  on 


102  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1898. 

the  boundless,  unknown,  uncharted  sea  of  grass,  amid  which  Kansas  has 
arisen,  as  if  by  enchantment.  Kansas,  however,  has  never  forgotton,  never 
ceased  to  follow,  those  first  seekers  in  the  realm  of  mind ;  those  first  believers 
in  a  new  world  of  thought;  those  Columbuses  who,  unmoved  by  doubts  or 
sneers,  by  indifference  or  opposition,  have  still  believed  in  a  higher  and  better 
life  for  men,  and  new  and  unbounded  realms  of  liberty;  these  she  has  fol- 
lowed in  her  life,  her  history,  and  her  laws. 

The  people  of  Kansas,  having  built  this  house,  will  fill  it,  and  with  what  ? 
Under  this  roof  and  within  these  walls  will  be  drawn  out  in  living  characters 
the  history  of  Kansas.  No  other  young  state  is  so  well  prepared.  Kansas 
wielded  in  her  youth  both  the  sword  and  pen.  Her  story  has  all  been  writ- 
ten down  and  preserved.  From  her  collections  and  her  archives  will  be 
brought  relics  —  bruised  arms  and  tattered  banners,  the  implements  of  an- 
cient people,  the  writings  of  vanished  hands,  the  stories  of  warriors  and  of 
statesmen  as  they  set  them  down,  so  that  he  who  passes  along  may  see  the 
whole  story  of  Kansas  —  the  then  and  the  now. 

MUTE    EVIDENCE    OF    PROGRESS. 

Here  will  be  seen  the  mute,  eloquent  evidence  of  the  progress  of  Kansas. 
This  is  not  the  time  for  statistics.  The  daybooks,  the  journals,  the  ledgers  of 
Kansas  will  be  open  next  year  upon  these  walls.  But  it  is  refreshing,  how- 
ever, and  swells  with  patriotic  fervor  the  heart  of  every  Kansan,  to  be  able  to 
turn  to  the  official  estimates  and  show  that  our  fruitful  state  has  raised  during 
the  current  year  more  than  a  bushel  of  wheat  for  every  man,  woman  and 
child  in  the  United  States,  and  also  has  raised  in  addition  more  than  two 
bushels  of  corn  for  each  and  all  of  them.  From  poverty  to  wealth ;  from 
nothing  to  everything;  from  the  Indian's  narrow  path  through  the  wavy 
gross  to  the  second  railroad  mileage  of  the  United  States ;  from  the  pasture 
of  the  wild  cattle  to  the  fruitful  fields,  making  Kansas  a  great  compartment 
in  the  granary  of  the  world ;  from  a  handful  of  white  people,  living  by  suffer- 
ance among  the  Indians,  for  whom  Kansas  had  been  selected  as  a  perpetual 
reservation,  to  a  million  and  a  half  of  the  freest  and  the  best  people  in  the 
world,  this  story  of  growth  will  be  set  out  here,  so  that  those  strangers  who 
have  been  discoursing  about  a  state  of  famine  and  failures,  of  grasshoppers 
and  cyclones,  will  think  that  they  have  been  dreaming,  or  reading  the  story 

of  some  other  land. 

"If  all  the  states  were  stars 

And  woven  in  a  crown. 
And  as  a  mark  of  excellence 

On  nature's  brow  were, bound, 
Kansas,  with  a  radiance  bright, 
Would,  from  the  very  topmost  height, 

Eclipse  the  light  of  all." 

While  science,  the  mechanical  invention,  the  hunter's  skill,  the  natural- 
ist's preserving  and  restoring  art,  the  school  children's  proudly-displayed 
charts,  the  products  of  the  mine,  the  cunning  fashioning  of  the  artisan  —  all 


Dedicatory  Exercises.  103 

of  Kansas — will  here  be  shown;  most  brightly  will  shine  here  the  joint  work 
of  nature  and  the  farmers  of  our  state.  On  these  walls  will  glow  the  im- 
prisoned sunlight,  such  as  is  known  nowhere  in  the  world  except  in  Kansas. 
Here  and  there  will  be  arranged  stalks  of  corn,  overlooking  all  the  other 
corn  in  the  United  States  and  gazing  into  the  far  beyond.  Devices  fashioned 
by  tasteful  and  skillful  hands  out  of  wheat  and  oats  and  grass,  the  fruits 
of  the  farm,  the  acceptable  sacrifice  of  Abel  —  more  lovely  than  the  lilies 
of  the  field,  which  were  fairer  "  than  Solomon  iu  all  his  glory  " —  will  here  show, 
after  a  manner,  what  Kansas  is,  as  a  cup  full  of  sparkling  water  may  illus- 
trate the  beauty  and  glory  and  refreshing  of  the  exhaustless  fountain. 

SUGGESTIVE   AND    INSTRUCTIVE    FIGURES. 

Here,  somewhere,  will  be  displayed  a  map  of  Kansas,  that  great  rectangle 
400  miles  long  and  200  miles  wide,  with  straight  lines  on  three  sides,  and 
straight  on  the  other  save  for  an  indentation  in  the  northeast  corner.  There 
will  be  suggestive  and  instructive  figures  on  that  map.  They  will  show  that 
it  is  «,  map  of  the  largest  body  of  tillable  land  lying  compactly  on  the  face 
of  the  earth ;  a  great  possible  farm,  plow  land  and  pasture,  with  some  tim- 
ber, and  plenty  of  coal  and  stone,  ^of  52,000,000  acres.  At  least  that  is  what 
it  was  originally,  but  a  considerable  portion  has  been  taken  for  pleasant  and 
profitable  town  sites — profitable  for  those  who  sold  early.  The  map  will  tell 
other  things;  for  instance,  the  population,  the  diversified  crops,  the  varied 
industries,  the  countless  herds  of  cattle  and  stock,  the  towns  and  cities,  the 
number  and  location  of  the  schoolhouses  of  the  state,  those  stars  that  are  re- 
fulgent with  light.  But  the  great  fact  the  map  will  impress  upon  the  mil- 
lions who  are  to  look  upon  it  will  be,  that  in  the  heart  of  the  continent  and  in 
the  center  of  the  United  States  lies  this  great  tract  of  52,000,000  acres,  only 
1 7,000,000  acres  of  which  have  yet  known  the  useful  care  of  the  husband- 
man. Moreover,  if  the  searcher  of  the  map  will  continue  the  parallels  which 
form  the  northern  and  southern  boundaries  of  Kansas,  following  them  east 
aud  west  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  he  will  see  that  between  them  lie 
many  of  the  gold  mines,  and  the  silver  mines,  and  the  coal  mines,  and  the 
lead  mines,  and  the  zinc  mines,  and  the  corn  fields,  and  the  wheat  fields  of 
the  continent,  and  so  of  the  world. 

And  when  all  is  gathered  in,  and  Kansas  skill  and  ingenuity  and  taste 
have  done  all  that  can  be  done,  and  the  Kansas  men  and  women  and  chil- 
dren come  here,  what  will  this  Kansas  exhibit,  part  of  the  great  Columbian 
Exposition,  in  which  a  whole  world  displays  its  resources,  say  to  them? 
What  will  it  not  say?  AVhat  interest,  what  pride,  will  be  theirs!  Thousands 
of  visitors  will  be  young  people,  the  first  generation  born  and  reared  in  Kan- 
sas ;  and  with  what  joy  and  pride  will  they  speak  of  the  place  of  the  state  of 
their  nativity!  Kansas  will  be  justified  of  her  children.  Kansas,  though 
yet  a  new  country,  has  had  her  exiles,  her  absentees,  her  prodigals,  driven 
from  her  borders  by  circumstances;  by  the  unexplainable  unrest  which  makes 
so  many  Americans  wanderers;  by  temporary  misfortunes,  which  could  as 


104  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

well  have  been  repaired  in  Kansas  as  elsewhere.  Wherever  you  go  you  find 
the  people  who  formerly  lived  in  Kansas.  The  story  of  Robinson  Crusoe 
cannot  be  repeated,  for  no  shipwrecked  sailor  can  now  be  thrown  upon  an 
island  to  suffer  absolute  solitude.  He  would  find  that  a  Kansas  man  had 
escaped  the  waves,  and  got  ashore  ahead  of  him. 

WILL  SEE  AND  FEEL  THE  CHARM. 

Here  they  will  come,  as  visitors,  hundreds,  perhaps  thousands,  of  them. 
And  what  will  they  see  ?  More  than  anyone  else.  They  will  see  how  Kan- 
sas has  grown  since  they  went  away.  They  will  see  the  names  of  counties 
here  that  when  they  left  were  but  names  only,  mere  designations  of  great 
squares  of  buffalo  grass,  with  here  and  there  a  few  lonely  and  shivering  cot- 
ton woods  ;  now  fields,  gardens,  farmsteads,  villages,  towns,  cities. 
"Every  field  a  smiling  promise, 

Every  home  an  Eden  fair, 
And  the  angels  —  Peace  and  Plenty  — 
Strewing  blessings  everywhere." 

They  will  feel  again  that  charm,  that  spell  of  the  Kansas  earth  and  sky, 
which,  once  cast  upon  the  human  heart  and  spirit,  can  never  be  shaken  off. 
They  will  see  through  these  walls  and  over  all  the  intervening  leagues  of 
land  the  green  valleys,  the  bluffs,  regular  in  their  slope  as  the  glacis  of  a 
fortress,  capped  with  the  white  limestone ;  they  will  see  the  rolling  prairies  — 
seeming  to  reach  to  the  confines  of  the  world ;  they  will  hear  the  voice  of  the 
bold,  free  mind  of  Kansas,  and,  bending  over  all,  behold  a  firmament  that 
seems  'shaped  into  a  higher  arch  than  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  each 
will  joyfully  say:  "I  will  return." 

There  will  come  here,  also,  thousands  of  visitors  from  the  old  world  be- 
yond the  wide  seas,  and  they^will  receive  a  message  from  their  countrymen 
who  have  preceded  them  to  the  new  world.  That  message  will  be,  "We 
have  prospered."  Kansas,  a  country  that  knows  no  proscription,  no  ostra- 
cism, no  prejudice,  receives  willingly  and  lovingly  all  who  come  to  her  am- 
ple bosom.  Here  will  bring  their  sheaves,  not  the  American  born  alone,  but 
the  former  dweller  by  the  Rhine,  he  who  sang  first  amid  the  vineyards  of 
France,  the  Switzer  from  his  mountain,  the  Italian  from  his  olive  grove.  In 
Kansas  the  broad  acres  are  tilled  by  those  who  come  from  the  very  heart  of 
the  land  of  the  midnight  sun,  and  by  those  who  once  dwelt  on  the  borders 
of  the  Caspian  and  the  Black  seas.  Not  merely  from  England  and  Scotland 
and  Ireland  have  they  come  to  Kansas,  but  from  the  borders  of  Turkey  and 
the  Caucasus.  They  will  be  here,  these  new  citizens,  proprietors,  sover- 
eigns, in  a  new  world,  to  speak  for  themselves  and  to  show  for  themselves 
what  men  may  do  in  a  free  land. 

DEDICATED    TO    LABOR,   LIBERTY,   AND    LAW. 

Kansas  is  here,  because  she  has  not  been  disobedient  to  the  heavenly 
vision ;  because  she  believes,  as  she  has  always  believed,  in  her  own  motto. 
Difficulties  she  knows,  difficulties  she  expects;  but  through  them  all  she 


XLV.— Kansas  exhibit  of  Pro  LEAD  and  LKAD  ORES— Mines  and  Mining 
Building.     (Page  75.) 


Dedicatory  Exercises.  105 

pursues  her  way  to  the  stars,  a  long  journey,  but  to  an  ever-shining  and  ever- 
lasting goal.  Once  before,  when  the  centennial  of  the  republic  was  cele- 
brated, and  when  some  of  the  older  states,  some  of  those  which  belonged  to 
the  original  confederation,  made  no  sign,  young  Kansas,  16  years  younger 
than  she  is  to-day,  appeared  with  her  products,  and  made  a  display,  which 
no  one  who  saw  has  ever  forgotten.  Now,  she  comes  again,  older  and 
stronger  and  richer  grown,  to  join  in  the  commemoration  of  the  great  dis- 
coverer and  the  great  discovery ;  and  if,  a  hundred  years  hence,  in  whatever 
land  or  country  the  world  shall  gather,  to  testify,  as  now,  to  the  brotherhood 
of  man,  the  kinship  of  labor,  the  fellowship  of  art,  and  to  the  truth  that  God 
"made  of  one  blood  all  the  nations  of  the  earth,"  there  will  Kansas  be  in  the 
midst. 

And  so,  gathered  here  this  morning  from  Kansas,  we  dedicate  this  build- 
ing, this  house  upon  the  grounds  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for 
the  important  purposes  of  its  construction.  We  dedicate  it  in  the  name  of 
her  people,  her  men,  her  women,  her  children,  each  and  all.  We  dedicate  it 
to  the  memory  of  the  bold  Genoese  sailor,  who  was  brave  and  wise  beyond 
his  age,  who  commended  himself  to  God  when  he  set  forth  across  the  dark, 
wild  seas,  and  again  commended  his  soul  to  Him  when  he  set  forth  on  his 
last  voyage,  to  another  undiscovered  country.  We  dedicate  it  to  the  memory 
of  all  the  good  and  brave,  who  in  all  ages  have  held  the  advance,  and  have 
discovery  made  of  truths  that  man  should  know.  We  dedicate  it  in  the 
name  of  labor,  without  which  men  cannot  live;  and  of  liberty,  without  which 
man's  life  is  nothing  worth ;  and  of  law,  which  binds,  yet  holds  men  together 
in  safety  and  in  peace ;  and  of  Kansas,  which  means  them  all. 


Columbian  Ode. 


BY  THOMAS  BBOWEB  PEACOCK. 

[Bead  at  Public  Press  Congress,  In  the  Art  Palace,  Chicago,  May  24,  1893.] 

Here  Peace  her  olive  branch  now  brings, 

An  offering  to  all  nations, 
And  from  the  tips  of  her  white  wings 

Fall  Love's  own  sweet  ovations. 
By  power  of  song,  we  here  extend,  impearled, 
The  hand  of  fellowship  to  all  the  world. 
The  beacons  lit  by  Liberty 
Shine  from  our  shores  across  the  sea. 
From  lowly  vales  to  mountains  capped  with  snow 

Freedom's  fair  banner  floats  alone  ; 
Westward  the  pilgrim  millions  go 

From  out  the  shadows  of  the  throne  — 
Far  from  the  lands  of  legends  old  they  teem, 
To  bathe  and  live  in  Hope's  immortal  dream. 
This  song  to  earth's  unnumbered  hosts, 

To  congress  of  imperial  minds, 
Breathes  progress  far  from  coasts  to  coasts, 

Where  arbitrating  pen  divines  — 

Less  homage  pay,  O  pilgrim,  to  life's  material  things  : 
Spirit  and  mind  immortal  shame  the  opulence  of  kings. 

A  vision  comes  before  my  sight ! 

Behold  the  dreadful  scenes  of  war  ! 
The  past  is  filled  with  clouds  and  night, 

With  here  and  there  a  glim'ring  star. 
I  hear  the  thundering  tread  of  hosts, 
The  shout  of  victory  on  the  coasts, 
And,  inland,  from  the  moaning  sea 
I  hear  the  cry  of  agony  ! 
I  see  the  vanquished  leave  their  dead, 

And  streams  of  blood  the  wide  fields  stain—- 
Ten  thousand  shiv'ring  ghosts  have  with  them  fled, 

Crying  to  God  on  high,  and  not  in  vain. 
Sad  hour  with  those  who  weep  the  bitter  tear, 
When  Horror  leads  the  van,  and  Death  brings  up  the  rear. 

On  dreary  shores  they  scattered  lie, 
Their  bones  are  bleaching  in  the  wind, 
(106) 


Columbian  Ode.  107 

.  Where  ruthless  Death  hurled  them  unkind, 

While  driven  on,  the  living  hosts  pass  by. 
Grim-visaged  War  all  mercy  sweet  denies, 
The  sounds  of  battle  echo  o'er  the  deep  ! 
The  God  of  Battle  see !    the  terror  of  his  eyes  ! 
From  out  his  sceptred  hand  havoc  and  ruin  leap  ! 
The  past  is  war's  dark  clouds,  defiled  ; 

For  Freedom's  sacred  altar  fires, 
Or  for  Ambition's  lusts  run  wild, 

To  riot  in  unholy,  base  desires. 
On  through  the  ages  might  alone  was  right, 

While  bellowed  War's  dread  tempest  throughout  the  awful  night. 
'  T  is  done  !     O,  lies  the  mighty  low  : 

On  high  his  ebon  plumes  Death  shakes  — 
The  flick'ring  lights  of  torches  glow, 

And  on  the  field,  lo  !    Terror  wakes  ! 
Death !   drink  thy  fill,  thou  tyrant  vile, 
And  on  thy  bloody  banquet  smile  — 
But  hearken  to  the  voice,  sublime, 
Thundering  down  the  halls  of  time  : 
'There  is  no  death,  O  dead  and  living  hear ! 

E'en  though  within  the  lost  and  silent  tomb  ; 
Though  Death,  clothed  'round  about  with  dread,  austere, 

With  giant  strides  appears  eternal  doom  — 
Those  whom  he  slew  are  not  beneath  his  tread, 
But  they  are  safe  on  high,  and  Death  himself  is  dead." 

From  Csesar  unto  Charlemagne 

Belched  carnage  on  a  race  of  slaves, 
Slaves  to  a  despot 's  blood-red  reign, 

Slaves  at  the  feet  of  heartless  knaves  : 
While  War's  dark  front  we  ever  meet, 
And  Battle  stamps  his  bloody  feet. 
Like  some  dense  cloud  which  doth  the  sun  defy, 
The  past,  through  which  the  tyrant  trod, 
And  longed  to  rend  the  starry  sky. 
And  trample  o'er  the  thrones  of  God. 
And  conquerors  swept  triumphant  through  those  years, 
On  pathways  soaked  in  blood  and  bitter  tears. 
Through  the  Dark  Ages,  supreme  did  Ignorance  reign, 

Ere  one  arose,  a  Nestor,  with  learning's  light ; 
Then  wise  Lorenzo  broke  the  heavy  chain 

That  bound  mankind  a  thousand  years  to  night. 
And  loud  for  wider  freedom  the  guardian  angels  sang4; 
And  the  battlements  of  heaven  with  holy  paeans  rang. 
Behold  !  a  view  of  mystic  wings  ! 

Prophetic  dream  floats  through  the  swale, 
Each  morning  bell  of  childhood  rings 

And  wakes  the  flowers  along  the  vale  : 
Beyond  the  sun  and  sweeping  gale, 
All  hail !  ye  glorious  beings,  hail ! 
O,  angel,  worshiping  in  the  temple  of  the  night, 


108  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

Teach  all  men  the  secret  of  thy  pare  delight. 
Though  brightest  hopes  have  ever  flown 

Beyond  the  star  that  heralds  day, 
Time  may  reveal  the  Great  Unknown 

And  mystic  Holy  Grail  essay  — 
Beyond  Hyperion  towers  of  coming  morn, 
The  cloud-capped  towers  of  ages  yet  unborn. 

At  harbor  lay  a  gallant  fleet 

With  banners  floating  in  the  wind, 
Enthralled  with  music  soft  and  sweet 

Lo  !   friends  and  Spain  are  left  behind. 
Adieu  !   Juan  Perez,  cast  thine  eyes 
On  yonder  distant  melting  skies, 
Above  the  roaring,  seething  mass, 
Where  vessels  speck  yon  slender  pass. 
Yon  admiral  clothed  in  colors  gay, 

Waves  thee  a  thousand  times  farewell : 
O,  shade  of  Perez  !   hear  to-day 

What  lyre  and  paean  fondly  tell  — 
?Twas  thy  good  logic  sovereigns  won, 
When  he,  the  hero,  was  undone. 
Not  till  Columbus  crossed  the  watery  main, 
Did  man,  renascent,  his  true  dominion  gain. 

The  bird  that  sings  at  Heaven's  gate 

Stops,  list'ning  to  the  woodman's  ax, 
Which  startles,  like  the  voice  of  fate, 

The  Indian,  when  loud  thunder  cracks. 
The  peopled  air  is  all  aflame, 
The  winds  sing  loud  our  hero's  name. 
While  children  come  at  eventide, 

Wondering  eyes  agleam  with  light, 
We  '11  tell  how,  o'er  the  ocean  wide, 

Came  the  wanderer  ;  how  the  bright 
Homes  of  millions  then  were  builded, 
How  our  heroes  names  were  gilded. 
How  our  brave  men  and  our  sons 

Fought  o'er  fields  of  living  blood  ; 
How  ten  thousand  skeletons 

Enrich  the  ground  on  which  they  stood. 
How  the  bison,  bear,  and  deer, 
Fed  the  toiling  pioneer  — 
And  from  this  soil,  rich  with  our  dead, 
The  mouths  of  nations  now  are  fed. 
The  heroes  of  the  ages  gone, 

They  made  us  what  we  are  to-day, 
And  meed  of  praise  and  tribute  won 

From  all  that  love  America. 
Breathe  halls  of  empires  their  united  name, 
A  glorious  company  that  gild  the  scroll  of  fame. 


Columbian  Ode.  109 

Through  nature's  towering  colonnades, 

The  white  man  drove  the  red  man  back  ; 
Across  the  plains  the  wigwam  fades, 

And  dimmer  grows  the  Indian  track  — 
The  red  men  flee,  by  hands  of  progress  hurled, 
As  leaves  by  storm  are  swept  across  the  world. 
Then  the  inventive  minds  of  men 

Met  the  inventive  God  half  way, 
And  harnessed  were  the  lightnings  then  : 

Swift  messengers  for  man  are  they. 
Rest  thee,  good  horse  ;  across  the  plains  more  fleet 
Now  rushes  on  a  steed  with  tireless  feet. 
Where  reigned  the  red  man  over  all, 
Monarch,  lord,  and  seneschal, 
The  steamboat  plies  the  winding  stream, 

Extends  the  rail  like  network  o'er  the  land ; 
The  locomotive's  piercing  scream 

Is  heard  to-day  on  every  hand. 
All-powerful,  the  press  combines, 

School,  rostrum,  pulpit,  public  thought ; 
The  cable,  wizard-like,  divines 

What  in  the  waiting  worlds  is  wrought. 
From  lakes  to  gulf,  and  from  sea  to  sea, 
God's  sun  shines  on  a  race  of  slaves  made  free. 
At  sight  of  nature's  fair  expanse, 

The  poets  with  Promethean  fire, 
Upon  the  field  of  fame  advance, 

And  tune  the  sweet  ^Eolian  lyre. 
Our  artists  sketch,  or  paint,  or  pencil  free, 
From  lands  of  leal  and  skies  like  Italy. 

From  Washington  across  the  century, 

Borne  upon  the  eagle  wing  of  time, 
Our  precepts  teach  'tis  better  to  be  free 

From  tyranny  and  tyrant's  sceptred  crime. 
Here  all  are  crowned  —  no  potentate  alone  — 
Each  separate  altar  fire  itself  a  peerless  throne. 
May  our  dear  flag  wave  ever,  as  it  now  unfurls 
Above  the  dust  of  empires  and  the  crash  of  worlds. 
Though  trusts  and  great  monopoly 

A  tower  high  of  darkling  trouble  rears, 
This  tower  will  topple  in  the  sea 

Of  stern  mutation  and  the  years —  ,, 

And  o'er  the  unseen  ruins  sunk  from  sight, 
God  will  build  a  temple  filled  with  holy  light. 

Then  shall  the  sword  forever  sleep, 

And  shackled  captives  will  be  free, 
Where  hecatombs  once  Death  did  reap, 

War,  clouds  a  dreadful  memory. 
No  more  beneath  the  despot's  iron  heel, 
Will  man,  proud  man,  a  servile  being  feel. 


110  Kansas  at  the   World's  Fair,  1893. 

'Tis  great  to  be  a  man,  he  that  doth  move 

Image  of  God,  and  arbiter  divine  : 
When  many  a  cenotaph  hath  Love, 

What  perfect  days  were  thine  and  mine  — 
Once  more  in  lovely  light  earth's  wide  and  stormy  seas, 
The  Christ  will  walk  in  beauty  a  thousand  Galilees. 

O  Star  of  Empire!  —  thou  puissant  power 

That  rose  in  Asia's  oriental  clime, 
And  hovered  there,  uncertain,  for  a  time, 

Then  winged  thy  way  to  Greece,  propitious  hour  ; 
Her  vigils  fail,  her  watch  fires  slowly  die  : 
Lo  !   over  Rome,  the  star  is  in  the  sky  ! 
Through  ages  vast,  the  mistress  of  the  world, 

Rome  held  thee  o'er  her  charmed  hills  — a  flame  — 
Sprang  luxury  and  pride,  and  Rome  was  hurled 

From  her  high  pedestal,  crowned  with  fame, 
Beneath  the  feet  of  Goth  and  Vandal  dread. 

To  Germany — to  Briton's  farther  shore, 
There,  bright  beyond  the  altars  of  the  dead, 

Thy  glimmering  light  shines  sweetly,  as  of  yore, 
And  brighter  still,  shines  out  thy  face  to-day, 
Over  our  own  land,  our  own  AMEEICA  ! 


Kansas  Week. 


September  n  to  16,  1893. 

PROGRAM. 

T.  J.  ANDERSON,  Master  of  Ceremonies. 

MONDAY,  SEPTEMBER  11. 

Will  be  devoted  to  registration  at  the  Kansas  State  Building,  and  to  general  social 
intercourse.  Music  during  the  afternoon  by  the  Modoc  Club,  Topeka,  and 
Marshall's  Military  Band.  Violin  solo  by  Miss  ETHEL  DIGGS. 

TUESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  12. 

10  A.  M. —  Kansas  State  Building.  Address  of  welcome  on  behalf  of  the  Kansas  State 
Board  by  Hon.  M.  W.  COBUN,  President  of  the  Board.  Address  of  welcome  on 
behalf  of  World's  Columbian  Commission  by  Hon.  J.  R.  BUBTON.  Response 
by  Gov.  L.  D.  LEWELLING.  Music  by  Modoc  Club,  assisted  by  Alhambra  Man- 
dolin Club,  and  Marshall's  Military  Band. 
3  P.  M. —  Concert  by  the  Modoc  Club,  assisted  by  Miss  CELESTE  B.  NELLIS,  pianist, 

and  Miss  JESSIE  LEWELLING,  recitation.     Address  by  Mrs.  ANNA  L.  DIGGS. 
5  P.  M.— Music  by  Marshall's  Military  Band. 

WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  13. 

10  A.  M. —  Kansas  State  Building.    "America."    Combined  Kansas  Columbian  Chorus  ; 

Mrs.  GASTON  BOYD,  directing. 

11  A.  M. —  Parlors,  Kansas  State  Building.    Gathering  of  the  clan  McKinley.    Address 

of  welcome  by  Gov.  L.  D.  LEWELLING  on  behalf  of  the  citizens  of  Kansas. 
Response  by  Gov.  WM.  MCKINLEY,  of  Ohio,  on  behalf  of  the  clan.  Music  by 
the  Modoc  Club  ;  Mrs.  HEBBEET  J.  HODGE,  soloist. 

2  p.  M. — Business  meeting  of  the  clan.     Historical  address  by  Dr.  L.  D.  MoKiNLEY 

of  Kansas. 

11  A.  M. — -Assembly  Hall,  Woman's   Building.      Address,  "Woman   in   Music,"  Mrs. 

GASTON  BOYD.     Music  by  Wichita  Ladies'  Chorus,  and  Newton  Musical  Union . 

3  P.  M. — -Assembly  Hall.     Concert  by  Wichita  Musical  Club,  assisted  by  members 

Kansas  City  Chorus. 
5  p.  M. —  Kansas  State  Building.     Second  Regiment  Band,  Hutchinson. 

THURSDAY,  SEPTEMBER  14  —  EDITORS'  DAT. 
The  governor  and  staff,  accompanied  by  the  state  officials,  will  visit  the  various 

state  buildings  during  the  forenoon. 

10A.M. —  Kansas  State  Building.     Concert  by  Modoc  Club.     Recitation  by  Mrs.  J 
.   M.  McCowN.     Piano  solo  by  BEBNICE  PATTEBSON  CLABKE. 

12  M. —  Lunch.  Kansas  State  Building. 

12  M. —  Festival  or  Music  Hall.     Grand  concert  by  Kansas  Columbian  Chorus. 

(Ill) 


112  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

2  p.  M. — Inspection  of  Kansas  exhibits  in  Agricultural,  Horticultural  and  Mining 

Buildings. 

4  P.  M. —  Kansas  State  Building.     Reception  to  the  governor  and  state  officials  by 

the  State  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers.  Music  by  the  Modoc  Club,  Second 
Regiment  Band,  and  Musette  and  Alhambra  Mandolin  Clubs.  Original  poem, 
"  The  Women  of  Kansas,"  by  LOUISE  LEASE. 

5  to  7:30  P.  M. —  Light  refreshments. 

8  : 30  P.  M. —  Grand  Stand  in  Court  of  Honor.    Concert  by  Kansas  Columbian  Chorus. 

FRIDAY,  SEPTEMBER  15. 
10  A.  M. —  Kansas  State  Building.     Concert,  Marshall's  Military  Band. 

3  P.  M. —  Festival  Hall.     Concert  by  the  Kansas  Columbian  Chorus. 

7:30  P.M. —  Festival  Hall.  Kansas  Jubilee.  Addresses  by  Senators  PEFFEB  and 
MABTIN  ;  Congressmen  HABBIS,  BBODEBICK,  FUNSTON,  HUDSON,  CUBTIS,  DAVIS, 
BAKEB,  and  SIMPSON  ;  Chief  Justice  HOBTON  ;  Hon.  A.  W.  SMITH,  president 
State  Board  of  Agriculture ;  Hon.  SOLON  0.  THACHEB,  Hon.  GEOBGE  W.  GLIOK, 
Mrs.  MABT  E.  LEASE,  and  other  Kansans.  Music  by  Marshall's  Military  Band, 
Modoc  and  Mandolin  Clubs ;  Miss  SABA  BONELL.E,  soloist. 

SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16. 
Midway  Plaisance,  and  "  Home,  Sweet  Home." 

Address 

BY    HON.    L.    D.    LEWELLING,    GOVEBNOB    OF    KANSAS. 

FELLOW-CITIZENS  OF  KANSAS  AND  THE  WORLD:  I  come  to  meet  and 
greet  you  as  a  representative  of  KANSAS,  the  land  of  fertile  prairies  and  per- 
petual sunshine.  We  are  here  to  meet  with  the  citizenship  of  the  world.  We 
are  gathered  from  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe  as  brothers  and  friends,  not 
to  disparage  the  resources  of  other  states  or  nations,  but  each  to  speak  in 
pride  of  the  resources  of  his  own. 

Chicago  is  the  most  wonderful  city  in  the  world;  its  growth  phenomenal; 
its  architectural  spires  and  temples  reach  further  heavenward  than  the  world 
has  ever  before  builded.  But  within  this  inclosure  Chicago  itself  is  surpassed. 
Here  is  the  growth  of  a  single  year;  but  it  is  the  culmination  of  centuries  of 
human  toil  and  experience.  The  dreams  of  the  Orient,  the  imaginary  pal- 
aces of  the  "Arabian  Nights,"  are  here  surpassed  by  the  resplendent  grandeur 
of  this  magical  city.  Here,  also,  are  converged  the  mechanical  skill,  the 
genius,  the  arts  and  sciences  of  the  world;  each  government  to  display  its 
own. 

Our  own  Kansas  is  but  newborn  into  the  great  constellation  of  states  and 
nations  which  are  here  assembled.  "Through  difficulties  to  the  stars"  has 
been  our  inspiration,  and,  sure  enough,  on  this  glad  day  we  are  here  to  be 
counted  as  one  in  the  galaxy  of  the  world.  We  are  here,  with  others,  to 
boast  of  our  achievements. 

We  have  had  some  bitter  experiences  in  the  earlier  history  of  our  state. 
To  have  been  a  pioneer  in  Kansas  is  to  have  been  familiar  with  hardships 
and  turbulent  scenes,  with  persecution,  bloodshed,  and  sorrow;  but  to-day 
we  have  laid  aside  our  sackcloth  and  ashes,  to  be  clothed  in  the  garments  of 


Kansas  Week.  113 

praise.  When  in  combat  the  blood  of  the  fair  Adonis  was  spilled  upon  the 
ground,  there  sprung  forth  the  beautiful  white  flower  of  peace;  and  so  the 
moral  and  political  combats  of  Kansas  have  preceded  the  bloom  and  fra- 
grance of  a  more  exalted  civilization. 

The  spirit  of  John  Brown  is  the  incarnate  spirit  of  progress,  and  goes 
marching  on,  to  be  reflected  in  the  mighty  achievements  of  an  intelligent 
people.  Prejudice  is  the  black  bat  of  civilization,  existing  only  in  the  shad- 
ows; and  from  these  shadows  the  people  of  Kansas  are  emerging.  We  chal- 
lenge the  world  to  show  an  equal  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  the  people  of 
any  state  or  government.  Is  it  presumptuous  to  give  this  as  a  reason  why 
the  people  of  Kansas  are  the  natural  leaders  in  moral  and  political  reforms? 
If  Kansas  joins  the  army  of  discontent,  it  is  because  of  the  intelligent  yearn- 
ing of  her  people  for  more  exalted  conditions.  The  stolid  slave  plods  on,  in- 
different to  his  surroundings;  but  the  animated,  educated  and  progressive 
citizen  goes  forward  to  fight  the  battles  of  intelligence,  and  place  himself  and 
his  children  in  the  front  ranks  of  human  progress.  With  deference  to  all, 
we  modestly  boast  the  intelligence  of  our  people,  and  show  you  a  record  ex- 
hibiting a  lower  percentage  of  illiteracy  than  any  other  state  in  the  union. 

If  the  statistician  seeks  a  solution  of  our  occasional  discontent,  and  asks 
why  we  are  constantly  making  explorations  in  the  domain  of  political  econ- 
omy, we  point  with  pride  to  more  than  9,000  schoolhouses  which  nestle  upon 
our  prairies.  If  he  asks  why  we  are  the  vanguard  of  political  and  moral  re- 
form, we  tell  him  of  our  district  and  normal  schools,  our  colleges,  our  great 
university,  and  of  the  spires  which  rise  from  4,500  churches.  These  are  the 
institutions  which  mold  the  sentiments  and  shape  the  destinies  of  an  ambitious 
people.  The  mountain  air  of  the  West  sweeps  over  our  great  panorama  of 
open  plains,  embracing  80,000  square  miles.  The  state,  like  a  mighty  scroll, 
unrolls  from  "the  Andes  of  the  West"  until  it  touches  the  turbulent  waters 
of  the  Missouri,  and  displays  upon  its  prairie  surface  the  homes  of  200,000 
farmers,  hundreds  of  villages  and  cities,  and  a  population  of  nearly  1  £  million 
souls. 

You  have  heard  of  the  great  American  desert,  but  have  you  heard  of  the 
wonderful  resources  of  this  great  state ;  of  its  wheat,  and  fruit,  and  corn,  and 
cane;  of  the  cattle  upon  its  hills  and  in  its  valleys? 

In  1889,  274  million  bushels  of  corn — sufficient  to  load  a  train  of  cars 
extending  from  New  York  city  to  the  Golden  Gate  on  the  Pacific  coast;  in 
1891,  36  million  dollars'  worth  of  fattened  animals  for  slaughter;  last  year, 
more  than  70  million  bushels  of  wheat — the  most  wonderful  crop  that  ever 
responded  to  rain  and  sunshine  and  toil. 

Live  stock,  the  same  year,  to  the  value  of  $109,024,141,  representing 
of  the  meat-producing  animals  the  sum  of  $.50,759,496;  add  to  this  the 
fact  that  the  animals  slaughtered  for  human  food,  the  same  year,  amounted 
to  $35,280,273,  and  the  dairy  products  of  the  state  to  $5,000,000,  and  the 
enormity  of  these  figures  astonishes  and  surprises  the  world. 

But  our  wealth  is  not  alone  on*  the  surface.     We  boast  of  the  greatest  zinc 


114  Kansas  at  the  World's  Fair,  1893. 

smelters  in  America,  supplying  one-third  of  all  the  metallic  zinc  in  the 
United  States.  The  product  of  the  smelters  of  one  town  in  one  year  amounted 
to  2?  million  dollars.  We  boast  the  most  wonderful  rock  quarries  of  the 
continent,  embracing  five  colors  and  qualities  of  limestone,  gray,  yellow  and 
brown  sandstone,  and  two  kinds  of  marble. 

Five  counties,  in  1891,  produced  nearly  67  million  bushels  of  coal,  the 
whole  estimated  at  four  million  dollars ;  thus  exceeding  by  several  hundred 
thousand  dollars  the  total  coal  output  of  our  neighboring  sister  state,  Missouri. 

The  kitchens,  parlors,  shops  and  factories  of  a  half-score  prosperous  cities 
are  heated,  lighted  and  supplied  with  motive  power  by  a  never-ceasing  flow 
of  natural  gas,  which  last  year  saved  the  state  60  thousand  dollars  in  fuel. 

During  the  same  year,  we  produced  750  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  salt, 
and  a  dozen  cities  are  ready  to  increase  the  output  when  transportation  rates 
will  justify  their  doing  so.  A  great  salt  bed  underlies  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  60  miles  wide,  200  miles  long,  from  300  to  700  feet  deep,  and  95  per 
cent.  pure.  There  need  be  no  alarm  about  the  financial  condition  of  our 
people,  if  salt  will  save  us. 

The  resources  of  our  gypsum  beds  have  entered  into  the  construction  ot 
these  World's  Fair  palaces  which  surround  us;  the  annual  output  of  gypsum 
amounting  to  350  thousand  dollars.  Eight  hundred  and  thirty-five  tons  ot 
fine  white  plaster  of  Paris,  known  as  "Keene's  cement,"  was  last  year  manu- 
factured in  Medicine  Lodge,  and  builded  into  the  great  structures  of  Denver, 
St.  Louis,  Chicago,  New  York,  and  Washington  city. 

Sixty-one  counties  of  the  state  produce  excellent  clay  for  common,  pressed 
and  vitrified  brick,  while  14  are  pregnant  with  the  best  materials  for  drain 
tile  and  pottery.  Ten  million  vitrified  brick  were  produced  in  1892;  two 
factories  were  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  drain  tile,  and  others  of  brown 
earthenware. 

Mineral  paints,  ochers  and  other  similar  products  abound  in  unlimited 
quantities,  and  of  different  character  from  those  which  are  found  in  other 
states  of  the  great  Mississippi  valley;  and,  notwithstanding  our  mines  and 
quarries  are  still  largely  undeveloped,  the  annual  output  of  the  mineral  re- 
sources of  Kansas  reaches  nearly  10  million  dollars.  And  thus  is  our  future 
prosperity  foreshadowed. 

It  is  true  the  nation  is  in  the  midst  of  great  financial  depression,  and  I 
shudder  to  contemplate  the  suffering  and  misery  already  at  hand.  The 
people  are  looking  to  Washington,  and  crying  to  their  chosen  representatives, 
"Watchman,  what  of  the  night?"  But,  with  the  inspiration  born  of  hope 
and  experience,  the  people  of  Kansas  are  looking  beyond  the  shadow,  and 
are  also  saying,  "O,  watchman,  what  of  the  glorious  day?"  What  of  the 
transcendent  future  of  our  commonwealth?  In  response,  let  me  say  to  you, 
men  and  women  of  Kansas,  that  on  you  depends  that  the  future  shall  mul- 
tiply the  blessings  of  our  people.  But  I  have  faith  in  your  integrity  of  pur- 
pose. As  the  turbulent  waves  of  ocean  purify  its  waters,  so  the  social  and 
political  upheavals  will  purify  and  invigorate  the  people.  Kansas  leads,  but 


Kansas   Week.  115 

never  follows ;  nor  does  she  bow  to  the  dictatorial  precedents  established  by 
a  less  progressive  age. 

Kansas  is  the  offspring  of  Liberty !  Born  out  of  the  throes  of  revolution 
—  the  stormy  petrel  of  the  nation — she  rises  to  the  mountain  heights  of  civ- 
ilization. To-day  she  joins  in  the  friendly  rivalry  of  nations  to  present  the 
evidences  of  her  worth  and  greatness.  While  admitting  few  superiors,  her 
children  stand  in  awe  at  the  magnitude  of  this  wonderful  display.  It  has 
been  my  good  fortune  to  visit  these  scenes  before,  but  no  visions  of  the  night 
have  wrought  such  mental  impressions  as  were  left  by  the  illumination  of 
these  wonderful  palaces  of  the  world. 

When  I  stood  by  the  great  basin  within  this  inclosure,  I  was  in  fairy  land. 
I  thought  of  Venice  —  of  the  temple  of  the  sun  —  of  Eden — of  the  streets 
and  parks  of  the  New  Jerusalem  —  of  the  city  with  12  gates!  At  the  ap- 
proach of  night,  the  light  of  a  million  electric  bulbs  flashed  along  the  water's 
edge,  gondolas  shot  from  the  darkness,  the  happy  voices  reverberated  in  song 
across  the  waves,  the  fountains  sprang  into  life,  while  the  electric  search 
lights,  like  the  All-seeing  Eye,  pierced  their  sprays  and  displayed  a  lunar 
rainbow,  as  if  it  were  a  benediction  of  peace  pronounced  upon  the  assembled 
nations  of  earth!  The  voices  of  a  myriad  bands  sounded  a  mighty  applause, 
and  I  wept  very  tears  of  joy  and  admiration,  while  our  hearts  throbbed  with 
a  wild,  triumphant  exultation  over  the  manifest  achievements  of  the  race! 

0,  people  of  earth,  these  are  the  victories  of  peace!  and  "peace  hath  her 
victories  no  less  renowned  than  war."  Here,  in  miniature,  is  "the  federation 
of  the  world;"  here  is  the  condensation  of  human  energy  and  achievement; 
here  is  the  crown  upon  the  brow  of  labor;  and  here,  too,  our  thank  offering 
for  the  gracious  bounties  of  nature!  To-day  we  may  well  excuse  the  mad 
frenzy  of  enthusiasm,  "and  shake  hands  with  every  cornstalk;  and  crown 
every  sheaf  with  laurel."  And  finally,  as  the  benediction  of  Kansas,  permit 
me  to  say,  this  is  a  time  for  the  silver  chain  of  destiny  to  draw  into  closer 
relations  the  whole  people  of  earth !  It  is  a  time  for  the  diverse  interests  of 
the  nations  to  be  blended,  and  lost,  like  the  seven  colors  of  the  prism,  in  the 
pure,  white  light  of  eternal  peace  and  fellowship. 


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